Sean L. Edwards, Ronen Fogel, Kudzai Mtambanengwe et al.

Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines • 2012

Pioneering work by Nyokong and others have highlighted the potential benefits for improved electron transfer processes and catalysis of hybrid configurations of metallophthalocyanines with carbon nanotubes. Here we examine the practical application of such hybrid configurations in an Enterobacter cloacae microbial fuel cell. Electrochemical investigations at glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) showed that FePc and FePc :multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid surface modifications display significant oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalytic properties compared to either MWCNT-modified or bare GCE surfaces throughout acidic- to moderately-alkaline pHs. Significant stabilization of the current response at FePc :MWCNT surfaces are notable throughout the pH range, compared to GCE surfaces modified with FePc alone. Corresponding results were obtained for surface modifications of bare carbon paper (BCP) cathodes in a microbial fuel cell where power density increases were observed in the order: Pt > FePc :MWCNT > FePc > MWCNT > BCP. A synergistic combination of simple treatments such as increased ionic strength (300 mM NaCl ), temperature (35 °C), and agitation of the anode chamber in this MFC configuration increased the power density to 2.5 times greater than that achieved at platinised cathode configurations under non-optimised conditions, achieving peak power densities of 212 mW.m -2 . The long-term stability of the MFC was assessed over 55 days. Surprisingly, the majority of signal loss over extended MFC operation was attributed, in this study, to fouling of the Nafion® PEM membrane rather than either leaching/fouling of the catalysts from the electrodes or nutrient depletion in the anode over the time periods examined.

Dang Huu Phuc, Ha Thanh Tung

International Journal of Photoenergy • 2019

Quantum dots are drawing great attention as a material for the next-generation solar cells because of the high absorption coefficient, tunable band gap, and multiple exciton generation effect. In search of the viable way to enhance the power conversion efficiency of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells, we have succeeded in preparing the quantum dot solar cells with high efficiency based on CdSe:X (Mn 2+ or Cu 2+ ) nanocrystal by successive ionic layer absorption and reaction. The morphological observation and crystalline structure of photoanode were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and the EDX spectra. In addition, the electrochemical performance of photoelectrode was studied by the electrochemical impedance spectra. As a result, we have succeeded in designing QDSSCs with a high efficiency of 4.3%. Moreover, the optical properties, the direct optical energy gap, and both the conduction band and the valence band levels of the compositional CdSe:X were estimated by the theory of Tauc and discussed details. This theory is useful for us to understand the alignment energy structure of the compositions in electrodes, in particular, the conduction band and valence band levels of CdSe:X nanoparticles.

Seungjae Lee, Jieun Lee, Changjin Lee et al.

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2020

Quantum dots (QD) have been researched intensively among several luminescent materials because they can simply adjust wavelength, high efficiency, high stability, and high color purity properties. In particular, eco-friendly InP based core-shell QDs without environmental regulations (i.e., restriction of hazardous substances in Europe) has been a great of attention. 1 However, it is difficult to synthesize InP-based core-shell QDs, which requires a high temperature, a long reaction time, and a high reactivity precursor since the InP-based core-shell QDs need a strong covalent bonds, degrading quantum yield(QY) 2 . For this reason, many defects in QDs are generated during a InP core growth. Among the blue(B)-, green(G)-, and red(R)-light emitting QDs, especially R-light emitting InP based core-shell QDs contain numerous crystalline defects since the core size should be increased to reduce the energy band gap. In our study, we enhanced highly QY of R-light emitting InP based core-shell QDs(R-QDs) by doping potassium ions via injecting potassium ion precursor such as potassium iodide during a InP core growth. We characterized the mechanism why potassium ion doping highly enhanced QY by observing the crystallinity of core-shell QD and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) analysis. In general, the R-QDs contain vacancy defect in the InP core-QDs which emit the red-light with ~625-nm in wavelength, degrading QY by lattice scattering, as shown in Fig. 1(a). These vacancy defects induced lattice-scattering and cause a decrease of QY. Here, the vacancy defects in the InP core-QDs would be passivated by doping potassium ions via using potassium iodide as a dopant, as shown in Fig. 1(b). In the InP core-QDs, the mole fraction of potassium ions to indium ions linearly increased with the potassium iodide concentration, measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), as shown in Fig. 1(c). Then, the InP core/ZnSe inter-shell/ZnSeS inter-shell/ZnS oueter-shell QDs (i.e.; InP core-shell QDs) were synthesized by using a precipitation method. The QY of the InP core-shell QDs peaked at a specific potassium iodide concentration; i.e., 91% at the potassium iodide concentration of 3%, as shown in Fig. 1(d). Otherwise, both full-width at half maximum (FWHM) and the wavelength emitting red-light gradually increased with the potassium iodide concentration. To understand the dependency of QY on the potassium iodide concentration, the crystallinity of InP core-shell QDs were investigated as a function of the potassium iodide concentration during growing the InP core-QDs, where in four different crystalline plane peaks were found; (unknown), (111), (220), and (311), as shown in Fig. 1(e). Particularly, the crystalline peak intensity of (unknown) rapidly increased with increasing QY, indicating the doping of potassium ions during growing the InP core-QDs passivated vacancy defects so that it suppressed an un-proper growth along unknown crystalline direction, as shown in Fig. 1(e). In addition, the exciton lifetime exponentially increased with QY, measured by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL), meaning that the passivation of vacancy defects with potassium ions enhanced the exciton lifetime of the InP core-shell QDs. It was found that there was a good correlation between QY and the crystalline peak intensity of (unknown) or the exciton lifetime, implying that the passivation of vacancy defects in the InP core-QDs by doping potassium iodide ions would enhance the QY of the InP core-shell QDs, as shown in Fig.1(f). Finally, the international commission on illumination (CIE) 1931 color spaces of a QD OLED display using R-, G-, and B-QD functional color filters, as shown in Fig.1(g), achieved 121.7% (NTSC) and 91.1% (Rec. 2020), as shown in Fig. 1(h) inset figure. Reference [1] Tamang, S.; Lincheneau, C.; Hermans, Y.; Jeong, S.; Reiss, P.; (2016). Chemistry of InP Nanocrystal Syntheses. Chem. Mater. 28, 2491−2506 [2] Jang, E.; Kim, Y.; Won, Y.; Jang, H.; Choi, S.; (2020). Environmentally Friendly InP-Based Quantum Dots for Efficient Wide Color Gamut Displays. ACS Energy Lett. 5, 1316−1327 Figure 1

Junyeong An, Hongrae Jeon, Jaeyoung Lee et al.

Environmental Science & Technology • 2011

Organic contamination of water bodies in which benthic microbial fuel cells (benthic MFCs) are installed, and organic crossover from the anode to the cathode of membraneless MFCs, is a factor causing oxygen depletion and substrate loss in the cathode due to the growth of heterotrophic aerobic bacteria. This study examines the possible use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a cathodic catalyst for MFCs suffering from organic contamination and oxygen depletion. Four treated cathodes (AgNPs-coated, Pt/C-coated, Pt/C+AgNPs-coated, and plain graphite cathodes) were prepared and tested under high levels of organics loading. During operation (fed with 50 mM acetate), the AgNPs-coated system showed the highest DO concentration (0.8 mg/L) in the cathode area as well as the highest current (ranging from 0.04 to 0.12 mA). Based on these results, we concluded that (1) the growth of oxygen-consuming heterotrophic microbes could be inhibited by AgNPs, (2) the function of AgNPs as a bacterial growth inhibitor resulted in a greater increase of DO concentration in the cathode than the other tested cathode systems, (3) AgNPs could be applied as a cathode catalyst for oxygen reduction, and as a result (4) the MFC with the AgNPs-coated cathode led to the highest current generation among the tested MFCs.

Bocheng Cao, Zipeng Zhao, Lele Peng et al.

Science • 2021

Description Silver in the linings The bacterium Shewanella oneidensis is well known to use extracellular electron sinks, metal oxides and ions in nature or electrodes when cultured in a fuel cell, to power the catabolism of organic material. However, the power density of microbial fuel cells has been limited by various factors that are mostly related to connecting the microbes to the anode. Cao et al. found that a reduced graphene oxide–silver nanoparticle anode circumvents some of these issues, providing a substantial increase in current and power density (see the Perspective by Gaffney and Minteer). Electron microscopy revealed silver nanoparticles embedded or attached to the outer cell membrane, possibly facilitating electron transfer from internal electron carriers to the anode. —MAF A silver nanoparticle anode greatly boosts the performance of Shewanella biofilm–based microbial fuel cells. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can directly convert the chemical energy stored in organic matter to electricity and are of considerable interest for power generation and wastewater treatment. However, the current MFCs typically exhibit unsatisfactorily low power densities that are largely limited by the sluggish transmembrane and extracellular electron-transfer processes. Here, we report a rational strategy to boost the charge-extraction efficiency in Shewanella MFCs substantially by introducing transmembrane and outer-membrane silver nanoparticles. The resulting Shewanella-silver MFCs deliver a maximum current density of 3.85 milliamperes per square centimeter, power density of 0.66 milliwatts per square centimeter, and single-cell turnover frequency of 8.6 × 105 per second, which are all considerably higher than those of the best MFCs reported to date. Additionally, the hybrid MFCs feature an excellent fuel-utilization efficiency, with a coulombic efficiency of 81%.

Shenlong Zhao, Yuchen Li, H. Yin et al.

Science Advances • 2015

A microbial fuel cell constructed with 3D freestanding graphene aerogel/platinum nanoparticles shows unprecedented performance. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are able to directly convert about 50 to 90% of energy from oxidation of organic matters in waste to electricity and have great potential application in broad fields such as wastewater treatment. Unfortunately, the power density of the MFCs at present is significantly lower than the theoretical value because of technical limitations including low bacteria loading capacity and difficult electron transfer between the bacteria and the electrode. We reported a three-dimensional (3D) graphene aerogel (GA) decorated with platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) as an efficient freestanding anode for MFCs. The 3D GA/Pt–based anode has a continuous 3D macroporous structure that is favorable for microorganism immobilization and efficient electrolyte transport. Moreover, GA scaffold is homogenously decorated with Pt NPs to further enhance extracellular charge transfer between the bacteria and the anode. The MFCs constructed with 3D GA/Pt–based anode generate a remarkable maximum power density of 1460 mW/m2, 5.3 times higher than that based on carbon cloth (273 mW/m2). It deserves to be stressed that 1460 mW/m2 obtained from the GA/Pt anode shows the superior performance among all the reported MFCs inoculated with Shewanella oneidensis MR-1. Moreover, as a demonstration of the real application, the MFC equipped with the freestanding GA/Pt anode has been successfully applied in driving timer for the first time, which opens the avenue toward the real application of the MFCs.

Da Li, Youpeng Qu, Jia Liu et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces • 2016

A biofilm growing on an air cathode is responsible for the decreased performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). For the undesired biofilm to be minimized, silver nanoparticles were synthesized on activated carbon as the cathodic catalyst (Ag/AC) in MFCs. Ag/AC enhanced maximum power density by 14.6% compared to that of a bare activated carbon cathode (AC) due to the additional silver catalysis. After operating MFCs over five months, protein content on the Ag/AC cathode was only 38.3% of that on the AC cathode, which resulted in a higher oxygen concentration diffusing through the Ag/AC cathode. In addition, a lower pH increment (0.2 units) was obtained near the Ag/AC catalyst surface after biofouling compared to 0.8 units of the AC cathode, indicating that less biofilm on the Ag/AC cathode had a minor resistance on hydroxide transported from the catalyst layer interfaces to the bulk solution. Therefore, less decrements of the Ag/AC activity and MFC performance were obtained. This result indicated that accelerated transport of oxygen and hydroxide, benefitting from the antibacterial property of the cathode, could efficiently maintain higher cathode stability during long-term operation.

Kasparas Kižys, Domas Pirštelis, I. Morkvėnaitė-Vilkončienė

Biosensors • 2024

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a candidate for green energy sources due to microbes’ ability to generate charge in their metabolic processes. The main problem in MFCs is slow charge transfer between microorganisms and electrodes. Several methods to improve charge transfer have been used until now: modification of microorganisms by conductive polymers, use of lipophilic mediators, and conductive nanomaterials. We created an MFC with a graphite anode, covering it with 9,10-phenatrenequinone and polypyrrole-modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae with and without 10 nm sphere gold nanoparticles. The MFC was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and power density measurements. The peak current from cyclic voltammetry measurements increased from 3.76 mA/cm2 to 5.01 mA/cm2 with bare and polypyrrole-modified yeast, respectively. The MFC with polypyrrole- and nanoparticle-modified yeast reached a maximum power density of 150 mW/m2 in PBS with 20 mM Fe(III) and 20 mM glucose, using a load of 10 kΩ. The same MFC with the same load in wastewater reached 179.2 mW/m2. These results suggest that this MFC configuration can be used to improve charge transfer.

Yanmei Sun, Jincheng Wei, Peng Liang et al.

AMB Express • 2012

Abstract Biocathode MFCs using microorganisms as catalysts have important advantages in lowering cost and improving sustainability. Electrode materials and microbial synergy determines biocathode MFCs performance. In this study, four materials, granular activated carbon (GAC), granular semicoke (GS), granular graphite (GG) and carbon felt cube (CFC) were used as packed cathodic materials. The microbial composition on each material and its correlation with the electricity generation performance of MFCs were investigated. Results showed that different biocathode materials had an important effect on the type of microbial species in biocathode MFCs. The microbes belonging to Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla in the four materials packed biocathode MFCs. Comamonas of Betaproteobacteria might play significant roles in electron transfer process of GAC, GS and CFC packed biocathode MFCs, while in GG packed MFC Acidovorax may be correlated with power generation. The biocathode materials also had influence on the microbial diversity and evenness, but the differences in them were not positively related to the power production.

Nazish Parveen, Thi Hiep Han, Sajid Ali Ansari et al.

Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics • 2021

The widespread use of renewable energy remains a challenging and complex multidisciplinary problem. Developing alternatives using new technology such as nanotechnology is necessary to increase renewable energy’s scalability. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) combined with nanotechnology can improve bioelectricity generation during wastewater treatment. In this study, hollow carbon nanofibers (H-CNF) were decorated with manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) via a simple chemical reduction method. MnO 2 -decorated H-CNF prepared with varying concentrations of manganese precursor (MnO 2 @H-CNF) were characterized via different spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The cathode catalyst performance of the MnO 2 @H-CNF was investigated in an //-type constructed MFC system using Shewanella Oneidensis MR1. The MnO 2 @H-CNF-1 in the assembled MFC displayed excellent power density of 25.7 mW/m 2 , which is higher than pure H-CNF (8.66 mW/m 2 ), carbon cloth (5.10 mW/m 2 ), and MnO 2 @H-CNF-3 (16 mW/m 2 ). The maximum power generated in the MFC coupled with MnO 2 @H-CNF as a cathode catalyst may have been due to the synergistic effect of the MnO 2 @H-CNF, which increased the electric conductivity and catalytic activity in the MFC’s cathode chamber. These results demonstrate that the developed MnO 2 @H-CNF cathode catalyst could improve the MFC’s performance and reduce the operational costs of practical applications.

Dohyun Kim, Rui Sun, Yossef A. Elabd

Fuel Cells • 2025

ABSTRACT In this study, we developed a new technique, simultaneous foam electrospinning and electrospraying (FE/E), that produces nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at higher production rates compared to needle‐based electrospinning and electrospraying (E/E). Herein, the nanofiber amount was precisely controlled by applying various voltages on the foam electrospinning process at a fixed platinum (Pt) loading, which enables an exclusive investigation into the impact of ionomer nanofiber on fuel cell performance at ultra‐low Pt loadings for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. The results show that fuel cell performance is strongly dependent on ionomer nanofiber content. At 0.04 mg/cm 2 nanofiber amount, the electrodes exhibited the highest fuel cell power density of 1.09 W/cm 2 and Pt utilization of 11.5 kW/g Pt , which are 28% and 39% higher than those of the electrode produced via electrospraying alone, respectively. The improvement results from enhanced proton and gas transport stemming from the nanofiber network as verified by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and oxygen gain voltage analysis. The FE/E technique provides a pathway to produce ultra‐low Pt nanofiber/nanoparticle electrodes at high production rates and high fuel cell performance.

Hong Liu, Vinay Kumar, V. Yadav et al.

Bioengineered • 2021

ABSTRACT Biochar’s ability to mediate and facilitate microbial contamination degradation, as well as its carbon-sequestration potential, has sparked interest in recent years. The scope, possible advantages (economic and environmental), and future views are all evaluated in this review. We go over the many designed processes that are taking place and show why it is critical to look into biochar production for resource recovery and the role of bioengineered biochar in waste recycling. We concentrate on current breakthroughs in the fields of engineered biochar application techniques to systematically and sustainable technology. As a result, this paper describes the use of biomass for biochar production using various methods, as well as its use as an effective inclusion material to increase performance. The impact of biochar amendments on microbial colonisation, direct interspecies electron transfer, organic load minimization, and buffering maintenance is explored in detail. The majority of organic and inorganic (heavy metals) contaminants in the environment today are caused by human activities, such as mining and the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, which can be treated sustainably by using engineered biochar to promote the establishment of a sustainable engineered process by inducing the circular bioeconomy. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

S. Rebello, V. K. Nathan, R. Sindhu et al.

Bioengineered • 2021

ABSTRACT According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), soil health is declining over the decades and it has an adverse impact on human health and food security. Hence, soil health restoration is a need of the hour. It is known that microorganisms play a vital role in remediation of soil pollutants like heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons, etc. However, the indigenous microbes have a limited capacity to degrade these pollutants and it will be a slow process. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can catalyze the degradation process as their altered metabolic pathways lead to hypersecretions of various biomolecules that favor the bioremediation process. This review provides an overview on the application of bioengineered microorganisms for the restoration of soil health by degradation of various pollutants. It also sheds light on the challenges of using GMOs in environmental application as their introduction may affect the normal microbial community in soil. Since soil health also refers to the potential of native organisms to survive, the possible changes in the native microbial community with the introduction of GMOs are also discussed. Finally, the future prospects of using bioengineered microorganisms in environmental engineering applications to make the soil fertile and healthy have been deciphered. With the alarming rates of soil health loss, the treatment of soil and soil health restoration need to be fastened to a greater pace and the combinatorial efforts unifying GMOs, plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, and other soil amendments will provide an effective solution to soil heath restoration ten years ahead. Graphical Abstract Schematic Representation Of Approaches Used To Restore Soil Health

A. Maksimkin, T. Dayyoub, D. Telyshev et al.

Nanomaterials • 2022

Unlike traditional actuators, such as piezoelectric ceramic or metallic actuators, polymer actuators are currently attracting more interest in biomedicine due to their unique properties, such as light weight, easy processing, biodegradability, fast response, large active strains, and good mechanical properties. They can be actuated under external stimuli, such as chemical (pH changes), electric, humidity, light, temperature, and magnetic field. Electroactive polymers (EAPs), called ‘artificial muscles’, can be activated by an electric stimulus, and fixed into a temporary shape. Restoring their permanent shape after the release of an electrical field, electroactive polymer is considered the most attractive actuator type because of its high suitability for prosthetics and soft robotics applications. However, robust control, modeling non-linear behavior, and scalable fabrication are considered the most critical challenges for applying the soft robotic systems in real conditions. Researchers from around the world investigate the scientific and engineering foundations of polymer actuators, especially the principles of their work, for the purpose of a better control of their capability and durability. The activation method of actuators and the realization of required mechanical properties are the main restrictions on using actuators in real applications. The latest highlights, operating principles, perspectives, and challenges of electroactive materials (EAPs) such as dielectric EAPs, ferroelectric polymers, electrostrictive graft elastomers, liquid crystal elastomers, ionic gels, and ionic polymer–metal composites are reviewed in this article.

B. Heng, Yunyang Bai, Xiaochan Li et al.

Advanced Science • 2022

Bone degeneration associated with various diseases is increasing due to rapid aging, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy diets. Living bone tissue has bioelectric properties critical to bone remodeling, and bone degeneration under various pathological conditions results in significant changes to these bioelectric properties. There is growing interest in utilizing biomimetic electroactive biomaterials that recapitulate the natural electrophysiological microenvironment of healthy bone tissue to promote bone repair. This review first summarizes the etiology of degenerative bone conditions associated with various diseases such as type II diabetes, osteoporosis, periodontitis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteomyelitis, and metastatic osteolysis. Next, the diverse array of natural and synthetic electroactive biomaterials with therapeutic potential are discussed. Putative mechanistic pathways by which electroactive biomaterials can mitigate bone degeneration are critically examined, including the enhancement of osteogenesis and angiogenesis, suppression of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis, as well as their anti‐bacterial effects. Finally, the limited research on utilization of electroactive biomaterials in the treatment of bone degeneration associated with the aforementioned diseases are examined. Previous studies have mostly focused on using electroactive biomaterials to treat bone traumatic injuries. It is hoped that this review will encourage more research efforts on the use of electroactive biomaterials for treating degenerative bone conditions.

Huihui Liang, Ying Luo, Yanyan Li et al.

Analytical Chemistry • 2022

Two kinds of two-dimensional (2D) covalent-organic frameworks (COF) were used to construct a sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor for a proof-of-concept study. Vinyl-functionalized COFTab-Dva could be linked with Ab1 by the thiol-ene "click" reaction. Electroactive COFTFPB-Thi was modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to ensure the successful connection with Ab2 through Au-S bond. Meanwhile, electroactive COFTFPB-Thi was used to as signal probe to realize both the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and the amplification of detection signal. In detection process of the sandwich-type electrochemical immunosensor, glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with 2D COFTab-Dva first then connected with Ab1 by the thiol-ene "click" reaction, next quantitative CEA was captured, followed by specificially capturing signal probe of Ab2/AuNPs/COFTFPB-Thi where AuNPs acted as nanocarriers of Ab2 and COFTFPB-Thi served as the signal producers. As the amount of CEA was increased, the amount of signal probe captured to the electrode was also increased, and the peak signal intensity of the redox reaction of COFTFPB-Thi was enhanced accordingly. Thus, the quantitative detection of CEA could be realized according to the peak signal intensity of electroactive COFTFPB-Thi. The electrochemical immunosensor owned wide detection range of 0.11 ng/mL-80 ng/mL, low detection limit of 0.034 ng/mL and good practicability. This study opens up a new revelation for quantitative detection of CEA using electroactive COF as enhanced signal probe.

Zhirong Liu, Xingyi Wan, Zhong Lin Wang et al.

Advanced Materials • 2021

During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell–cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.

Manal E. Alkahtani, M. Elbadawi, Christopher A R Chapmen et al.

Advanced Healthcare Materials • 2023

Conductive materials have played a significant role in advancing society into the digital era. Such materials are able to harness the power of electricity and are used to control many aspects of daily life. Conductive polymers (CPs) are an emerging group of polymers that possess metal‐like conductivity yet retain desirable polymeric features, such as processability, mechanical properties, and biodegradability. Upon receiving an electrical stimulus, CPs can be tailored to achieve a number of responses, such as harvesting energy and stimulating tissue growth. The recent FDA approval of a CP‐based material for a medical device has invigorated their research in healthcare. In drug delivery, CPs can act as electrical switches, drug release is achieved at a flick of a switch, thereby providing unprecedented control over drug release. In this review, recent developments in CP as electroactive polymers for voltage‐stimuli responsive drug delivery systems are evaluated. The review demonstrates the distinct drug release profiles achieved by electroactive formulations, and both the precision and ease of stimuli response. This level of dynamism promises to yield “smart medicines” and warrants further research. The review concludes by providing an outlook on electroactive formulations in drug delivery and highlighting their integral roles in healthcare IoT.

M. Lalegani Dezaki, M. Bodaghi

The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology • 2023

Typical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed for encoding numerous shapes and forms by magneto-electroactive shape memory polymer composite (SMPC) structures and integrating sustainability with 4D printing (4DP) technology. Electrically driven, remote controllability, and quick reaction are the features of these sustainable composite structures. Low-cost 4D-printed SMPC structures can be programmed remotely at high temperatures to achieve multi-stable shapes and can snap repeatedly between all programmed temporary and permanent configurations. This allows for multiple designs in a single structure without wasting material. The strategy is based on a knowledge of SMPC mechanics, magnetic response, and the manufacturing idea underlying fused deposition modelling (FDM). Iron-filled magnetic polylactic acid (MPLA) and carbon black-filled conductive PLA (CPLA) composite materials are investigated in terms of microstructure properties, composite interface, and mechanical properties. Characterisation studies are carried out to identify how to control the structure with a low magnetic field. The shape morphing of magneto-electroactive SMPC structures is studied. FDM is used to 4D print MPLA and CPLA adaptive structures with 1D/2D-to-2D/3D shapeshifting by the magnetic field. The benefits of switchable multi-stable structures are reducing material waste and effort/energy and increasing efficiency in sectors such as packaging. Graphical Abstract

Gaojing Yang, Yaxun Zhu, Zhimeng Hao et al.

Advanced Materials • 2023

Organic electroactive materials take advantage of potentially sustainable production and structural tunability compared to present commercial inorganic materials. Unfortunately, traditional redox flow batteries based on toxic redox‐active metal ions have certain deficiencies in resource utilization and environmental protection. In comparison, organic electroactive materials in aqueous redox flow batteries (ARFBs) have received extensive attention in recent years for low‐cost and sustainable energy storage systems due to their inherent safety. This review aims to provide the recent progress in organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. The main reaction types of organic electroactive materials are classified in ARFBs to provide an overview of how to regulate their solubility, potential, stability, and viscosity. Then, the organic anolyte and catholyte in ARFBs are summarized according to the types of quinones, viologens, nitroxide radicals, hydroquinones, etc, and how to increase the solubility by designing various functional groups is emphasized. The research advances are presented next in the characterization of organic electroactive materials for ARFBs. Future efforts are finally suggested to focus on building neutral ARFBs, designing advanced electroactive materials through molecular engineering, and resolving problems of commercial applications.

Zixin Li, Danqing He, Bowen Guo et al.

Nature Communications • 2023

Infected bone defects are a major challenge in orthopedic treatment. Native bone tissue possesses an endogenous electroactive interface that induces stem cell differentiation and inhibits bacterial adhesion and activity. However, traditional bone substitutes have difficulty in reconstructing the electrical environment of bone. In this study, we develop a self-promoted electroactive mineralized scaffold (sp-EMS) that generates weak currents via spontaneous electrochemical reactions to activate voltage-gated Ca2+ channels, enhance adenosine triphosphate-induced actin remodeling, and ultimately achieve osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells by activating the BMP2/Smad5 pathway. Furthermore, we show that the electroactive interface provided by the sp-EMS inhibits bacterial adhesion and activity via electrochemical products and concomitantly generated reactive oxygen species. We find that the osteogenic and antibacterial dual functions of the sp-EMS depend on its self-promoting electrical stimulation. We demonstrate that in vivo, the sp-EMS achieves complete or nearly complete in situ infected bone healing, from a rat calvarial defect model with single bacterial infection, to a rabbit open alveolar bone defect model and a beagle dog vertical bone defect model with the complex oral bacterial microenvironment. This translational study demonstrates that the electroactive bone graft presents a promising therapeutic platform for complex defect repair.

Maria G. Trachioti, A. Lazanas, M. Prodromidis

Microchimica Acta • 2023

We present in detail the most known and commonly used methods for the calculation of electrode electroactive area (A\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A$$\end{document}) and heterogeneous electron transfer rate constants (k0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${k}^{0}$$\end{document}). The correct procedure for the calculation of these parameters is often disregarded due to either lack of a minimum theoretical background or oversimplification of each method’s limitations and prerequisites. The aim of this work is to provide the theoretical background as well as a detailed guide for the implementation of these measurements by impressing upon the electrochemists the parameters that need to be considered so that the obtained results are safe and useful. Using graphite screen-printed electrodes, A\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$A$$\end{document}, and k0\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$${k}^{0}$$\end{document} were calculated with different methods and techniques. Data are compared and discussed.

Shichang Liu, Farid Manshaii, Jinmiao Chen et al.

Nano-Micro Letters • 2024

Highlights Introduce the role of bioelectricity and the endogenous electric field in bone tissue and summarize different techniques to electrically stimulate cells and tissue. Highlight the latest progress in exploring electroactive hybrid biomaterials as well as self-powered systems such as triboelectric and piezoelectric-based nanogenerators and photovoltaic cell-based devices in bone tissue engineering. Emphasize the significance of simulating the target tissue’s electrophysiological microenvironment and propose the opportunities and challenges faced by electroactive hybrid biomaterials and self-powered bioelectronics.

C. M. Costa, V. Cardoso, Paula Martins et al.

Chemical Reviews • 2023

From scientific and technological points of view, poly(vinylidene fluoride), PVDF, is one of the most exciting polymers due to its overall physicochemical characteristics. This polymer can crystalize into five crystalline phases and can be processed in the form of films, fibers, membranes, and specific microstructures, being the physical properties controllable over a wide range through appropriate chemical modifications. Moreover, PVDF-based materials are characterized by excellent chemical, mechanical, thermal, and radiation resistance, and for their outstanding electroactive properties, including high dielectric, piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric response, being the best among polymer systems and thus noteworthy for an increasing number of technologies. This review summarizes and critically discusses the latest advances in PVDF and its copolymers, composites, and blends, including their main characteristics and processability, together with their tailorability and implementation in areas including sensors, actuators, energy harvesting and storage devices, environmental membranes, microfluidic, tissue engineering, and antimicrobial applications. The main conclusions, challenges and future trends concerning materials and application areas are also presented.

Raymond Oliver, J. Tillotson, A. Toomey

Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics • 2009

Today, there is an opportunity to bring together creative design activities to exploit the responsive and adaptive ‘smart’ materials that are a result of rapid development in electro, photo active polymers or OFEDs (organic thin film electronic devices), bio-responsive hydrogels, integrated into MEMS/ NEMS devices and systems respectively. Some of these integrated systems are summarised in this paper, highlighting their use to create enhanced functionality in textiles, fabrics and non-woven large area thin films. By understanding the characteristics and properties of OFEDs and bio polymers and how they can be transformed into implementable physical forms, innovative products and services can be developed, with wide implications. The paper outlines some of these opportunities and applications, in particular, an ambient living platform, dealing with human centred needs, of people at work, people at home and people at play. The innovative design affords the accelerated development of intelligent materials (interactive, responsive and adaptive) for a new product & service design landscape, encompassing assistive healthcare (smart bandages and digital theranostics), ambient living, renewable energy (organic PV and solar textiles), interactive consumer products, interactive personal & beauty care (e-Scent) and a more intelligent built environment.

Qi Yin, P. Zhu, Wei Liu et al.

Advanced Healthcare Materials • 2022

Conductive scaffolds are of great value for constructing functional myocardial tissues and promoting tissue reconstruction in the treatment of myocardial infarction (MI). Here, a novel scaffold composed of silk fibroin and polypyrrole (SP50) with a typical sponge‐like porous structure and electrical conductivity similar to the native myocardium is developed. An electroactive engineered cardiac patch (SP50 ECP) with a certain thickness is constructed by applying electrical stimulation (ES) to the cardiomyocytes (CMs) on the scaffold. SP50 ECP can significantly express cardiac marker protein (α‐actinin, Cx‐43, and cTnT) and has better contractility and electrical coupling performance. Following in vivo transplantation, SP50 ECP shows a notable therapeutic effect in repairing infarcted myocardium. Not only can SP50 ECP effectively improves left ventricular remodeling and restore cardiac functions, such as ejection function (EF), but more importantly, improves the propagation of electrical pulses and promote the synchronous contraction of CMs in the scar area with normal myocardium, effectively reducing the susceptibility of MI rats to arrhythmias. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a facile approach to constructing electroactive ECPs based on porous conductive scaffolds and proves the therapeutic effects of ECPs in repairing the infarcted heart, which may represent a promising strategy for MI treatment.

Hui Zhu, Cong Yao, Bo-yuan Wei et al.

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing • 2023

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has opened a new paradigm to controllably and reproducibly fabricate bioengineered neural constructs for potential applications in repairing injured nervous tissues or producing in vitro nervous tissue models. However, the complexity of nervous tissues poses great challenges to 3D-printed bioengineered analogues, which should possess diverse architectural/chemical/electrical functionalities to resemble the native growth microenvironments for functional neural regeneration. In this work, we provide a state-of-the-art review of the latest development of 3D printing for bioengineered neural constructs. Various 3D printing techniques for neural tissue-engineered scaffolds or living cell-laden constructs are summarized and compared in terms of their unique advantages. We highlight the advanced strategies by integrating topographical, biochemical and electroactive cues inside 3D-printed neural constructs to replicate in vivo-like microenvironment for functional neural regeneration. The typical applications of 3D-printed bioengineered constructs for in vivo repair of injured nervous tissues, bio-electronics interfacing with native nervous system, neural-on-chips as well as brain-like tissue models are demonstrated. The challenges and future outlook associated with 3D printing for functional neural constructs in various categories are discussed.

Agata Nicolau-Kuklińska, Paulina Latko-Durałek, Paulina Nakonieczna et al.

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures • 2018

In this article, the novel type of dielectric elastomer made of polydimethylsiloxane, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and carbon grease is presented. The aim of the study was the development of compliant electrodes with ability for large deformation under applied voltage. The largest deformation of 47% was obtained for electrodes made of 2 wt% of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and 20 wt% of carbon grease. Electrical conductivity achieved for this material was 4.8 S/m. Good dispersion of conductive fillers within silicone matrix was obtained by calendaring technique. It was found that electrical percolation threshold for the compound was below 0.05 wt%. The structure of the material and its mechanical properties were determined. It was described that both properties, electrical conductivity and stiffness of the nanocomposite, have a significant influence on the extent of the electrode deformation. Two actuator designs are presented as the examples of application of developed material.

Laura E. Niklason, Jeffrey H. Lawson

Science • 2020

Evolution of bioengineered blood vessels Biotechnology approaches to repair and replace arteries have been under development for more than a century. Early synthetic approaches used rubber-based replacements, which then evolved into the use of polymer fabrics and, more recently, into biological approaches that permit the growth of blood vessels in the laboratory. Niklason and Lawson review the scientific and technological advances that allow the regeneration of a patient's own blood vessels. The authors discuss how blood vessel cells, when combined with suitable substrates for tissue growth under conditions that mimic human physiology, can produce functional bioengineered arteries. These biological approaches pave the way to advancing how vascular disease is managed and treated in the future. Science , this issue p. eaaw8682

Diego Millo

Biochemical Society Transactions • 2012

Understanding the mechanism of ET (electron transfer) through electroactive microbial biofilms is a challenge in the field of fundamental and applied life sciences. To date, electrochemical techniques such as CV (cyclic voltammetry) have been applied successfully to study the ET process in intact microbial biofilms on electrodes, providing important insight into their redox properties. However, CV as such does not provide any structural information about the species involved in the redox process. This shortcoming may limit the understanding of the ET process in microbial biofilms. To overcome this restriction, spectroelectrochemical techniques have been designed consisting of a spectroscopic technique performed in combination with electrochemical methods on the same electrode sample. These analytical approaches allow in vivo measurements of microbial biofilms under physiologically relevant conditions and controlled applied potential. The present review describes these spectroelectrochemical methodologies and critically addresses their impact on the understanding of the ET through biofilms.

Chao Lu, Xi Chen

Materials • 2020

Electrochemical actuators have attracted tremendous attention worldwide because of their critical significance to artificial intelligence. The development of electrochemical actuators—with the merits of low driven-voltage, lightweight, flexibility and large deformation—is an urgent task in the development of smart technologies. Nanomaterials with special structures and superior properties provide the opportunity for the development and application of smart actuators. Here, we report an electrochemical actuator based on an ionogel graphene composite, which is assembled with simple casting methodology and can be driven with a low voltage of 2.5 V. The flexible sandwich-structured actuator operates under a capacitive mechanism based on asymmetrical volume expansion of active ions under electrical stimulus. It shows a high specific capacitance of 39 F g−1 at current density of 1 A g−1 under potential of 2.5 V. The specific capacitance is calculated on the weight of graphene. The device presents a large actuation peak-to-peak displacement of 24 mm at a frequency of 0.1 Hz under the stimulus potential of 2.5 V, and it can still reach a large value of 12 mm at a high frequency of 1 Hz. The free length of the device is 25 mm. Notably, the device exhibits excellent air-working stability at frequency of 1 Hz under 2.5 V with the actuation displacement retention of 98%, even after 10,000 cycles. This study presents insights into the design of smart actuators based on nanomaterials, and will accelerate the development of artificial intelligence.

Mateusz Kondzior, Iwona Grabowska

Sensors • 2020

Suitable immobilization of a biorecognition element, such as an antigen or antibody, on a transducer surface is essential for development of sensitive and analytically reliable immunosensors. In this review, we report on (1) methods of antibody prefunctionalization using electroactive probes, (2) methods for immobilization of such conjugates on the surfaces of electrodes in electrochemical immunosensor construction and (3) the use of antibody-electroactive probe conjugates as bioreceptors and sensor signal generators. We focus on different strategies of antibody functionalization using the redox active probes ferrocene (Fc), anthraquinone (AQ), thionine (Thi), cobalt(III) bipyridine (Co(bpy)33+), Ru(bpy)32+ and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In addition, new possibilities for antibody functionalization based on bioconjugation techniques are presented. We discuss strategies of specific, quantitative antigen detection based on (i) a sandwich format and (ii) a direct signal generation scheme. Further, the integration of different nanomaterials in the construction of these immunosensors is presented. Lastly, we report the use of a redox probe strategy in multiplexed analyte detection.

Yunlong Dai, Xianwen Kan

Chem. Commun. • 2017

A selective and sensitive detection of non-electroactive and electroactive molecules has been achieved on a dual-template imprinted electrochemical sensor. And the proposed dual-signal strategy can be used for highly sensitive detection of electroactive analytes.

C. Wang

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology • 2015

In order to develop a predictive model of real cell performance, firm relationships and assumptions need to be established for the definition of the physical and microstructure parameters for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This study explores the correlations of microstructure parameters from a microscale level, together with mass transfer and electrochemical reactions inside the electrodes, providing a novel approach to predict SOFC performance numerically. Based on the physical connections and interactions of microstructure parameters, two submodel correlations (i.e., porosity–tortuosity and porosity–particle size ratio) are proposed. Three experiments from literature are selected to facilitate the validation of the numerical results with experimental data. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is performed to investigate the impact of the adopted submodel correlations to the SOFC performance predictions. Normally, the microstructural inputs in the numerical model need to be measured by experiments in order to test the real cell performance. By adopting the two submodel correlations, the simulation can be performed without obtaining relatively hard-to-measure microstructural parameters such as tortuosity and particle size, yet still accurately mimicking a real-world well-structured SOFC operation. By accurately and rationally predicting the microstructural parameters, this study can eventually help to aid the experimental and optimization study of SOFC.

Ashley E. Beck, Manuel Kleiner, Anna-Katharina Garrell

Frontiers in Plant Science • 2022

With a growing world population and increasing frequency of climate disturbance events, we are in dire need of methods to improve plant productivity, resilience, and resistance to both abiotic and biotic stressors, both for agriculture and conservation efforts. Microorganisms play an essential role in supporting plant growth, environmental response, and susceptibility to disease. However, understanding the specific mechanisms by which microbes interact with each other and with plants to influence plant phenotypes is a major challenge due to the complexity of natural communities, simultaneous competition and cooperation effects, signalling interactions, and environmental impacts. Synthetic communities are a major asset in reducing the complexity of these systems by simplifying to dominant components and isolating specific variables for controlled experiments, yet there still remains a large gap in our understanding of plant microbiome interactions. This perspectives article presents a brief review discussing ways in which metabolic modelling can be used in combination with synthetic communities to continue progress toward understanding the complexity of plant-microbe-environment interactions. We highlight the utility of metabolic models as applied to a community setting, identify different applications for both flux balance and elementary flux mode simulation approaches, emphasize the importance of ecological theory in guiding data interpretation, and provide ideas for how the integration of metabolic modelling techniques with big data may bridge the gap between simplified synthetic communities and the complexity of natural plant-microbe systems.

Alin Corbu, Maria Simona Raboaca, Sudeep Tanwar

Advances in Computer and Electrical Engineering • 2021

The renewable energy for the production of syngas (synthetic gas) by gasification of biomass has specific features and objectives. The present chapter aims to describe the specific features of renewable energy for the production of syngas by gasification of biomass. The specific objective refers to the study of the equipment for the production of synthetic gaseous fuels (syngas) by gasification of biomass. The “biomass” term can be defined generically as the biodegradable part of agricultural products, residues and waste, gathering both animal and plant substances, wood industry, and also the biodegradable component of urban and industrial waste. Biomass sources are the most found renewable resources on Earth, also including all the organic components resulted from the organism's metabolic process, being the first resource of energy man has used, since the discovery of fire.

A. A. Samkov, S. M. Samkova, M. N. Kruglova

Microbiology • 2024

In all variants where carbon felt was present, imidacloprid degradation by the microflora of bottom sediments was many times higher than in the control, reaching 84.0 ± 1.7% under the polar connection of an external voltage source (1.2 V). When Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 was introduced, almost complete degradation of the pollutant was observed, while in the control without electrodes, it was 29.7 ± 6.0. The relative representation of the genes of the MtrB transmembrane protein of the respiratory chain, which is associated with exoelectrogenesis, depended on the external chain and had a maximum value when the voltage source was connected polarly, correlating with the pesticide degradation by the autochthonous microflora, similar to the DyP-type peroxidase genes. The introduction of S. oneidensis MR-1 resulted in an almost tenfold increase in the relative representation of DyP-type peroxidase genes. In all experimental variants, the values of the DyP relative representation were significantly higher than in the control without carbon felt, as well as the degree of imidacloprid degradation under these experimental conditions.

Kangsan Kim, D. Choe, Dae-Hee Lee et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences • 2020

A large proportion of the recombinant proteins manufactured today rely on microbe-based expression systems owing to their relatively simple and cost-effective production schemes. However, several issues in microbial protein expression, including formation of insoluble aggregates, low protein yield, and cell death are still highly recursive and tricky to optimize. These obstacles are usually rooted in the metabolic capacity of the expression host, limitation of cellular translational machineries, or genetic instability. To this end, several microbial strains having precisely designed genomes have been suggested as a way around the recurrent problems in recombinant protein expression. Already, a growing number of prokaryotic chassis strains have been genome-streamlined to attain superior cellular fitness, recombinant protein yield, and stability of the exogenous expression pathways. In this review, we outline challenges associated with heterologous protein expression, some examples of microbial chassis engineered for the production of recombinant proteins, and emerging tools to optimize the expression of heterologous proteins. In particular, we discuss the synthetic biology approaches to design and build and test genome-reduced microbial chassis that carry desirable characteristics for heterologous protein expression.

Zhoukang Zhuang, Guangyu Wan, Xiaocong Lu et al.

Advanced Biotechnology • 2024

Proteins are indispensable for maintaining a healthy diet and performing crucial functions in a multitude of physiological processes. The growth of the global population and the emergence of environmental concerns have significantly increased the demand for protein-rich foods such as meat and dairy products, exerting considerable pressure on global food supplies. Single-cell proteins (SCP) have emerged as a promising alternative source, characterized by their high protein content and essential amino acids, lipids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, inorganic salts, vitamins, and trace elements. SCP offers several advantages over the traditional animal and plant proteins. These include shorter production cycles, the use of diverse raw material sources, high energy efficiency, and minimal environmental impact. This review is primarily concerned with the microbial species employed in SCP production, utilization of non-food renewable materials as a source of feedstock, and application of rational and non-rational metabolic engineering strategies to increase SCP biomass and protein content. Moreover, the current applications, production shortages, and safety concerns associated with SCP are discussed.

Xin Chen, Baoxiang Pan, Leyi Yu et al.

Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts • 2024

Background Research on protein production holds significant importance in the advancement of food technology, agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and bioenergy. Aspergillus niger stands out as an ideal microbial cell factory for the production of food-grade proteins, owing to its robust protein secretion capacity and excellent safety profile. However, the extensive oxidative folding of proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) triggers ER stress, consequently leading to protein misfolding reactions. This stressful phenomenon results in the accelerated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing oxidative stress. The accumulation of ROS can adversely affect intracellular DNA, proteins, and lipids. Result In this study, we enhanced the detoxification of ROS in A. niger (SH-1) by integrating multiple modules, including the NADPH regeneration engineering module, the glutaredoxin system, the GSH synthesis engineering module, and the transcription factor module. We assessed the intracellular ROS levels, growth under stress conditions, protein production levels, and intracellular GSH content. Our findings revealed that the overexpression of Glr1 in the glutaredoxin system exhibited significant efficacy across various parameters. Specifically, it reduced the intracellular ROS levels in A. niger by 50%, boosted glucoamylase enzyme activity by 243%, and increased total protein secretion by 88%. Conclusion The results indicate that moderate modulation of intracellular redox conditions can enhance overall protein output. In conclusion, we present a strategy for augmenting protein production in A. niger and propose a potential approach for optimizing microbial protein production system. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13068-024-02542-0.