Üzeyir Pala, Taseer Salahuddin

International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology • 2024

The automotive sector ranks as the 4th largest contributor to the global economy, accounting for approximately 5% of the world’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Additionally, employment in the automotive industry generates a fivefold multiplier effect on job creation in other sectors. This study focuses on the sustainable science, technology, and innovation indicators relevant to Türkiye’s automotive industry, which holds the 7th position in terms of its contribution to the country’s GDP. Drawing on previous research and 33 years of data that reflect the state of Türkiye's automotive sector, as well as its science and technology landscape, this research identifies 10 key indicators that influence the sector’s technological development and innovation capacity. To analyze the similarities and differences among these indicators, a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) method was initially employed. Subsequently, a non-hierarchical cluster analysis (NHCA) was conducted to validate the HCA findings. Additionally, multidimensional scaling (MDS) was utilized to assess the similarities and distances among the economic, science, and technology indicators. The formation of 2 clusters was later verified through correlation analysis and factor analysis. The research findings indicate that the R&D and science-related parameters in Türkiye operate in a cohesive manner as anticipated. The percentage changes in the production of automobiles, commercial vehicles, and total domestic output show similar trends, forming a distinct group. In contrast, the indicators for high-technology exports and automotive exports are influenced by different dynamics, displaying separate and unique patterns. Based on these results, the study concludes with recommendations for sector-specific improvement initiatives.

Joerg D. Weigl, ZiZi Wang, Helia Mohammadi Sepahvand

ECS Transactions • 2012

Fuel cell vehicles are aimed to be a new way of environmentally friendly transport. But they face significant problems in terms of costs and infrastructure. Only with demonstration projects and governmental or company subsidies fuel cell vehicles are so far possible. But there is a market for private fuel cell vehicles for personal transport which is viable even without subsidies based on latest current fuel cell technology. It is the niche market of high end fuel cell electric bicycles. Based on latest cost reduction of fuel cell systems and the strong growing market of the high end electric bicycles in Europe, USA and Japan there is a market for fuel cell electric bicycles coming up.

Emily Donaldson, Edgar Tetahiotupa

The Oxford Handbook of Global Indigenous Archaeologies • 2025

Abstract In this chapter, the authors excavate the long, sometimes troubled evolution of a UNESCO World Heritage List (WHL) nomination in the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia. The challenges faced by this project over the course of almost three decades illustrate the internal dissonance of two conflicting understandings of heritage, two differing ontologies, and the complicated task of interpreting and protecting Indigenous archaeological resources. While the UNESCO WHL nomination process is deeply rooted in Western perspectives on heritage, preservation, capitalism, and the division of nature and culture, Marquesan views of the past and present draw upon a more fluid, relational understanding of exchange and a material world animated by ancestral spirits and mana that demand respect. The resulting “dissonant heritage” belies a problematic tension between the relationships and aspirations of historic resources that represent both unique value and the promise of a better, more sustainable future. In the face of these challenges, the ultimately successful Marquesas WHL nomination stands as an example of how the strict regulatory, Western structures of UNESCO’s approach to heritage can be challenged to embrace and honor more diverse and indigenous understandings of the world.

Stefania De Gregorio, Eleonora Laurini, Mariangela De Vita

Heritage • 2023

Heritage rehabilitation can be a sustainable operation when it succeeds in conveying the intangible, historical, artistic, and symbolic value of the building and, at the same time, to ensure the preservation of soil and material resources. The sustainability of the operation must cover the entire life cycle of the building, starting with the management of materials on the construction site, which allows for an increase in its durability while safeguarding its residual performance. This paper, therefore, outlines a process for the sustainable management of materials at the building redevelopment site using the history of the building and the life cycles of related materials. In particular, the following are explored: residual performance of historical and coeval materials, their endogenous and exogenous reuse of materials in the redevelopment project, the traceability aimed at controlling the supply chain, and the material/component identity card. The latter evolves dynamically, providing useful information for carrying out environmental assessments and monitoring the building’s maintenance cycle. The process is applied to a case study involving the redevelopment of the historical built heritage following the 2009 earthquake that struck the city of L’Aquila and neighbouring territories. The case study demonstrated the validity of the method and at the same time made it possible to introduce an innovative process in the territory, raising awareness among those working in the sector of the value of choices that have environmental and economic advantages.

Ricardo Puppe, Till Schmäing

Heritage • 2025

Species knowledge of local animal species is of great importance for one’s own environmental awareness and is a major component for managing present and future crises in education for sustainable development. For this reason, this study is the first to survey the species knowledge of visitors to the UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site the Wadden Sea of the North Sea, which is the largest mudflat area in the world. In this context, the self-assessment of the respondents and the extent of their connectedness with nature are also examined. To answer the research questions, a questionnaire survey was carried out to determine the species knowledge and degree of connectedness with nature. For data analysis, various statistical methods such as t-tests and correlation analyses were used. The results show that the 126 visitors to the Wadden Sea Visitor Centre have a rather low level of species knowledge. In this regard, the European Herring Gull is the only very well-known species among the respondents. In addition, a further construct was investigated in the form of connectedness with nature, between which a significant positive correlation was found with species knowledge.

Noorfathehah Abdullah Sani, Yusnita Yusof

Preprints.org • 2024

This research investigates the intersection of family business practices and cultural heritage management in Malaysia, a country rich in cultural diversity. The study was motivated by the need to understand how family-run businesses contribute to preserving and promoting cultural heritage in Malaysia. Through a qualitative analysis, we examined the business strategies, cultural values, and operational models of family businesses engaged in cultural heritage sectors. Our findings reveal a unique blend of traditional values and modern business understanding, highlighting how these businesses play a crucial role in sustaining cultural heritage. Family businesses in Malaysia have developed distinctive approaches to cultural heritage management, blending traditional values with innovative strategies to navigate the challenges of modernisation and globalisation. This has implications for business practices and cultural preservation, offering insights into sustainable cultural heritage management in a rapidly evolving global landscape. The study underscores the importance of family business-based culture in the stewardship of cultural heritage. It argues for greater recognition of these businesses in policy formulation and heritage management strategies. It shows that Malaysia's symbiotic relationship between family businesses and cultural heritage presents a model that balances economic viability with cultural preservation, offering lessons for the business world and cultural heritage sectors globally.

L. Dei, R. Giorgi

Nanoscience for the Conservation of Works of Art • 2013

This chapter deals with the general physicochemical properties of works of art materials, strictly correlated to the degradation and alteration processes. The principal chemical and physico-structural properties of both organic and inorganic materials constituting wall paintings and easel paintings are discussed. The mechanisms leading to the degradation of these works of art are analysed, classifying them into three broad categories: natural weathering; pollution – indoor and outdoor; and general chemical, physical and mechanical stresses. The natural weathering of artworks materials is then discussed, focusing on the role of temperature, humidity and light, with particular attention to the phenomenon of salt crystallization. The environmental conditions for the best conservation of indoor and outdoor works of art are highlighted. The remaining chemical effects driving decay processes are analysed by referring to condensation of water, with consequent wetting and capillary suction. In this frame the effects of deliquescent and hygroscopic salts are taken into account, together with the topic of salt efflorescence. Finally, the physical alteration associated with the combined action of light and oxygen from air is treated in relationship to two classes of compounds particularly sensitive to these phenomena, i.e. drying oils and natural varnishes.

Xiaolan Ye, Fei Dong, Xiangyang Lei

Natural Resources Conservation and Research • 2018

ABSTRACT Pesticides play an important role in preventing insect pests and weeds in crops. However, due to the serious threat of pesticide residues to environmental and human health, this paper reviews the hazards of pesticide residues, the mechanism of microbial degradation of pesticides, the factors that affect the degradation of pesticides and the new application of microbial degradation of pesticides.

Kay Yeoman, Beatrix Fahnert, David Lea-Smith et al.

Microbial Biotechnology • 2020

This chapter looks into microbial biotechnology in built environments. It explains that the built environment is a microbial habitat providing an abundance of substrates. Microorganisms occur naturally in these habitats and can be introduced by humans. Understanding the complex interactions and activities of microbial communities that cause biodeterioration allows for the development and selection of optimal preservation approaches and technologies. The chapter also explains the impact of microorganisms on our cultural, urban, and industrial heritage. It then presents novel sustainable materials and tools based on microorganisms and the technologies that minimize microbial growth and prevent biodeterioration.

J. Peretó

Microbial Biotechnology • 2020

Dedicated to the memory of Arren Bar-Even (19802020), one of the most brilliant biochemists of our times. Living beings are the result of a cocktail made with unknown doses of chance and necessity. Consider a thought experiment, in which we could rewind the ‘tape of life’ starting from the same initial conditions, what biochemical traits and cellular features would finally be the same as those we observe today? It is clear that what is real in biology is a subset of what is possible, and this issue has been discussed at different scales. Thus, structural and dynamic developmental constraints limit the space of solutions for animal bodies (Alberch, 1989), whereas physicochemical restrictions and historical contingencies shape the possible at the molecular level (Jacob, 1981). Meteorite analysis and many organic syntheses performed under prebiotic conditions indicate that the primitive Earth was home of a moderately complicated chemodiversity, including the most common biological building blocks – sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleobases, etc. (Lazcano, 2018). In this period of chemical evolution, physicochemical constraints (i.e. thermodynamics and kinetics in a given environment) determined the origin and maintenance of the abiotic chemical landscape. The chemically possible was the scenario for the organization of the most simple and primitive biochemical systems: autocatalytic cycles for self-maintenance of a set of building blocks, self-reproduction of lipid vesicles, and self-replication of genetic templates (Peret o, 2012). Presumably, all these cycles kicked off in the absence of catalysts or with the involvement of very simple and unspecific facilitators (e.g. mineral surfaces). The emergence of optimizable catalysts through natural selection (e.g. ribozymes) was a phase transition to a period of a more efficient and creative functional screening of the possible (de Duve, 2005). Diverse lines of evidence indicate that metabolic surveys of alternative sources of matter and energy were rapid and explosive, performed by the first microbial communities. Biogeochemical closing of the recycling of bioelements was a vital step for a sustainable and long-term continuity of terrestrial life (Falkowski et al., 2008). Thus, the boundaries of the metabolically possible were expanding in parallel to the coevolution of life and the planet. For instance, after the emergence in some cyanobacterial ancestors of the enzymatic machinery able to extract electrons from water to feed the photoelectronic chain, molecular oxygen accumulated in oceans and afterwards in the atmosphere. Those microorganisms able to cope with this new-to-life compound took advantage of its reactivity and dramatically expanded the world of the metabolically possible: many new metabolites, including steroids, and processes (e.g. oxygen respiration) became available to life. Thus, recurrent patterns in actual cell metabolisms are the result of a long evolutionary exploration within the chemically constrained space of the possible solutions under specific yet changing conditions (de Lorenzo et al., 2014). The beginnings of the scientific study of metabolism focused on model systems (e.g. yeast and skeletal muscle) and well-defined physiological processes (e.g. alcohol fermentation and cellular respiration). Describing chemical transformations in cell-free systems and the use of inhibitors, mutants or isotope labelling helped to draw the first metabolic pathways (Morange, 2020). More recently, functional inference from environmental metagenomes combined with experimental validation (e.g. metabolomics and fluxomics) has expanded the spectrum of known metabolisms, albeit the scrutiny of old model systems still delivers surprises, as for example sulphoglycolysis in Escherichia coli K12 (Denger et al., 2014). Public databases now offer beautiful metaReceived 7 October, 2020; accepted 9 October, 2020. *For correspondence: E-mail juli.pereto@uv.es; Tel. +34 963 543 666; Fax +34 963 543 576. Microbial Biotechnology (2021) 14(1), 41–44 doi:10.1111/1751-7915.13691 Funding information EU H2020 : 210491758 : PCI2019‐111845‐2 Agencia Estatal de Investigación AEI, MiCIn, ERDF : RTI2018‐ 095584‐B‐C41‐42‐43‐44

J. Cooney, D. Oloke, Louis Gyoh

Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology • 2021

Purpose This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of showing the functionality of complex microbial groups, within ancient structures within a process of refurbishment on a heritage building information modelling (BIM) platform. Design/methodology/approach Both a qualitative and qualitative research method will be used throughout, as observational and scientific results will be obtained and collated. This path being; phenomena – acquisition tools – storage – analysis tools – literature. Using this methodology, one pilot study within the scope of demolition and refurbishment, using suitable methods of collecting and managing data (structural or otherwise), will be used and generated by various software and applications. The principle methods used for the identification of such micro-organisms will incorporate a polymerase chain reaction method (PCR), to amplify DNA and to identify any or all spores present. The BIM/historical BIM (HBIM) process will be used to create a remotely-based survey to obtain and collate data using a laser scanner to produce a three-dimensional point cloud model to evaluate and deduce the condition, make-up and stature of the monument. A documentation management system will be devised to enable the development of plain language questions and an exchange information requirement, to identify such documentation required to enable safe refurbishment and to give health and safety guidance. Four data sampling extractions will be conducted, two for each site, within the research, for each of the periods being assessed, that being the Norman and Tudor areas of the monument. Findings From laboratory PCR analysis, results show a conclusive presence of micro-organism groups and will be represented within a hierarchical classification, from kingdom to species. Originality/value The BIM/HBIM process will highlight results in a graphical form to show data collected, particularly within the PCR application. It will also create standardisation and availability for such data from ancient monuments to make available all data stored, as such analysis becomes substantially important to enable the production of data sets for comparison, from within the framework of this research.

Bo-Siyuan Jian, Shao-Lun Chiou, Chun-Chia Hsu et al.

ACS Chemical Biology • 2023

The traditional natural product discovery approach has accessed only a fraction of the chemical diversity in nature. The use of bioinformatic tools to interpret the instructions encoded in microbial biosynthetic genes has the potential to circumvent the existing methodological bottlenecks and greatly expand the scope of discovery. Structural prediction algorithms for nonribosomal peptides (NRPs), the largest family of microbial natural products, lie at the heart of this new approach. To understand the scope and limitation of the existing prediction algorithms, we evaluated their performances on NRP synthetase biosynthetic gene clusters. Our systematic analysis shows that the NRP biosynthetic landscape is uneven. Phenylglycine and its derivatives as a group of NRP building blocks (BBs), for example, have been oversampled, reflecting an extensive historical interest in the glycopeptide antibiotics family. In contrast, the benzoyl BB, including 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate (DHB), has been the most underexplored, hinting at the possibility of a reservoir of as yet unknown DHB containing NRPs with functional roles other than a siderophore. Our results also suggest that there is still vast unexplored biosynthetic diversity in nature, and the analysis presented herein shall help guide and strategize future natural product discovery campaigns. We also discuss possible ways bioinformaticians and biochemists could work together to improve the existing prediction algorithms.

Hannah Greenwald Healy, Aliya Ehde, Alma Bartholow et al.

npj Biofilms and Microbiomes • 2024

Reductions in nonresidential water demand during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the importance of understanding how water age impacts drinking water quality and microbiota in piped distribution systems. Using benchtop model distribution systems, we aimed to characterize the impacts of elevated water age on microbiota in bulk water and pipe wall biofilms. Five replicate constant-flow reactors were fed with municipal chloraminated tap water for 6 months prior to building closures and 7 months after. After building closures, chloramine levels entering the reactors dropped; in the reactor bulk water and biofilms the mean cell counts and ATP concentrations increased over an order of magnitude while the detection of opportunistic pathogens remained low. Water age, and the corresponding physicochemical changes, strongly influenced microbial abundance and community composition. Differential initial microbial colonization also had a lasting influence on microbial communities in each reactor (i.e., historical contingency).

Dr. Sanjay Prasad Gupta, Manoj Kumar

International Journal of Life Science Research Archive • 2023

Materials of built heritage are at risk of bio-deterioration caused by diverse populations of microorganisms living in biofilms. The microbial metabolites of these biofilms are responsible for the deterioration of the underlying substratum and may lead to physical weakening and discoloration of stone. Fungal ability in production of pigments and organic acids have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. Additionally, stone objects may support novel communities of microorganism that are active in bio-deterioration process this investigation focused on mycological analyses of microbial biofilm from Mahadev temple, Bastar of Chhattisgarh state which is made of sand stone and which were heavily colonized by fungi. The eight fungal species on sand stone were isolated. Aspergillus sp. was common in stone structure. The identified micro fungi cause discoloration as well as mechanical exfoliation of building stone material that was analyzed through mechanical hyphae penetration and production of dark pigments and organic acids.

Murali Krishna Pasupuleti

Preserving Cultural Heritage with Digital Twin Technology • 2025

Abstract: Digital Twin Technology (DTT) is revolutionizing cultural heritage preservation by creating high-fidelity digital replicas of historical monuments, artifacts, and archaeological sites. As cultural heritage faces increasing threats from climate change, urbanization, natural disasters, and environmental degradation, Digital Twin Technology offers an innovative solution for real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and AI-enhanced restoration. Using 3D scanning, LiDAR imaging, IoT sensors, and AI-driven analytics, digital twins provide detailed insights into structural integrity, material composition, and environmental risks, enabling proactive conservation strategies. Additionally, DTT is expanding public access to heritage sites through virtual tourism, augmented reality (AR), and digital museums, democratizing culture while ensuring historical accuracy and authenticity. However, challenges such as data ownership, digital colonization, and ethical considerations must be addressed to ensure equitable access and responsible preservation. This chapter explores the role of Digital Twin Technology in heritage conservation, its integration into global preservation policies, and future innovations such as AI-driven restoration, blockchain-based authentication, and metaverse-based heritage experiences. By adopting Digital Twin Technology, cultural institutions, researchers, and governments can safeguard the world’s most treasured historical assets, ensuring that human heritage is preserved, protected, and accessible for generations to come. Keywords: Digital Twin Technology, cultural heritage preservation, 3D scanning, LiDAR imaging, AI-driven restoration, IoT sensors, predictive maintenance, virtual tourism, augmented reality, digital museums, heritage conservation, blockchain authentication, metaverse heritage experiences, historical accuracy, ethical considerations, global preservation policies, immersive storytelling, AI-enhanced conservation, digital heritage democratization.

Irini Stamatoudi, Konstantinos Roussos

Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage • 2025

Cultural Heritage Management (CHM) is the main vehicle for helping museums and Cultural Heritage (CH) institutions to face challenges, be resilient to climate change, energy and cost of living crisis, natural hazards and pandemic risks, and ultimately to secure sustainable competitiveness. It can support them to manage change wisely, redefining themselves in a constantly changing world. This paper contributes to the understanding of how to establish a state-of-the-art management model for museums and CH institutions, which takes into account the latest developments in the field. It aims to a) bring forward the main issues and principles that need to be taken into account during the drafting procedure of a CHM plan, b) explore current state-of-affairs of professional practice in the CH sector across Europe, c) offer clear and concise information on the CH sector needs, challenges and bottlenecks, and d) eventually, provide practical recommendations that need to be taken into account so as to support communication between CH professionals and their various audiences, with a special focus on young people and local communities. This study is part of the research project “Redefining the future of cultural heritage, through a disruptive model of sustainability” (ReInHerit), which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program ( https://www.reinherit.eu/ ).

Chao Ma, Zilong Fang, Xinjian Li et al.

Coatings • 2023

Bioweathering crusts are widely distributed on the limestone sculptures of the Longmen Grottoes, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. However, information on microbial communities in this archaeological site is missing. To fill this gap, we identified bacterial communities involved in the formation of bioweathering crusts. The composition analysis showed that Cyanobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Planctomycetota are the major components of the bacterial communities in the crusts. Cyanobacteria might be one of the major contributors to the formation of the crusts. A culture-based analysis indicated the presence of bacterial isolates (e.g., Enterobacter sp. and Bacillus sp.) with a potential role in bioprotection. Moreover, five types of biogenic organic acids were detected in the crusts, implying a consequence of organic acid corrosion. Scanning electron microscopy analysis further confirmed microbial penetration into the stone monuments with a biomechanical attack. Our reports provide a microbiological reference for heritage conservators to treat bioweathering crust.

Biao Wang, Cheng. Zhu, Bowen Wang et al.

Heritage Science • 2024

Ancient wooden constructions, also known as wooden cultural relics, refers to ancient wood that has been modified or crafted by human activities. To ensure its preservation, it is crucial to gain further understanding of the decomposition mechanisms affecting archaeological wood. In this study, we investigated the microbiome diversity and cellulose decomposition processes in a 6300-year-old ancient wooden construction at the Tianluoshan site (7000–6300 cal BP) in Zhejiang Province, China. High-throughput sequencing (HTS) was employed to analyze the metagenomic functions, specifically focusing on the microbial communities' cellulose-degrading pathways using bioinformatic approaches. The findings revealed that the excavation of archaeological wood significantly altered the environment, leading to an accelerated deterioration process. This degradation was primarily influenced by carbohydrate metabolism and xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism pathways within the complex ecosystem consisting of bacteria, archaea, fungi, microfauna, plants, and algae. Proteobacteria, actinobacteria, ascomycota, and basidiomycota were identified as the main sources of bacterial cellulose-degrading enzymes. The results obtained from this evaluation will provide valuable insights for the development of targeted conservation strategies and prioritization of preservation efforts for the ancient wooden constructions found in different regions of the Tianluoshan site. Graphical Abstract

Дмитрий Александрович Коробов, D. Korobov

Russian Foundation for Basic Research Journal. Humanities and social sciences • 2019

The publication focuses on 2018 findings of a comprehensive soil-archaeological survey of the multi-temporal settlements catchment within Kislovodsk Depression. The most in-depth study was conducted in the vicinity of Podkumskoye 3 fortification (5th — 8th centuries AD), where 100 soil sections were laid along a regular network with 50 m step at different distances from the habitat zone. In the soil sections, archaeological material was recorded layer by layer, the description of soil profiles and sampling for chemical and microbiological tests were carried out. The samples were tested for active microbial biomass, urease activity, saprotrophs, magnetic susceptibility and phosphates. This paper deals only with the findings of ceramics as a marker of farming practiced by ancient and medieval people living in this site. In total, about 2,380 fragments of pottery with a total weight of about 9 kg were discovered. A preliminary analysis of the spatial distribution of ceramics was carried out using the geostatistical module of ArcGIS software. It clearly showed different areas of farming in the Koban and Early Alanian areas. Now, the team is working on the analysis of the obtained material and soil samples for the detailed reconstruction of the site catchment in terms of farming.

Kaixuan Ma, Yu Wang, Xinyu Yang et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2022

After the recovery of the ship from the sea on 2007, the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck is currently exposed to the air. Air microorganisms settle on wooden shipwrecks, and they can use wood matrix to grow and multiply, causing biocorrosion and biodegradation. In this study, a systematical survey of the composition of culturable airborne microorganisms was performed at the conservation site of the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck. Airborne microorganisms were collected from seven sites in the preservation Nanhai No. 1 area over five periods. Molecular identification of the culturable microorganisms isolated from the air was done by sequencing both 16S rRNA (bacteria) and ITS (fungi) gene regions. The biodegradability of these strains was evaluated by degradation experiments with cellulose and lignin as substrate. The results showed that the composition of the isolated microbial communities was different in each period, and microbial spatial distribution was dissimilar in the same period. In the recent 2020, the dominant bacterial genus was Acinetobacter, and the dominant fungal genera were Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cerrena. Acinetobacter spp. can degrade cellulose and lignin. Penicillium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Cerrena spp. degraded cellulose but only Cerrena spp. could utilize lignin. These dominant strains may have a harmful effect on the Nanhai No. 1 Ancient Shipwreck. This study provides data on the airborne microbial community found inside the protective chamber where Nanhai No. 1 Shipereck is placed, which can be used as a reference basis for the future conservation of the ship.

Henry Socrates Lavalle Sullasi, André Luiz Campelo Santos, S. F. D. Da Silva

Cadernos do LEPAARQ (UFPEL) • 2018

The Pedra do Alexandre archaeological site was a target of several archaeological campaigns, the bone remains from at least 36 human individuals, and charcoal fragments associated to these burials were among the archaeological findings of the campaigns. The radiocarbon dating provided values between 9400±90 BP and 2620±60 BP. However, attempts to dating the bone remain proved fruitless due to the loss of collagen caused by taphonomic processes. From that finding, this research was initiated to assess the degree of diagenetic alteration of the bone remains from the Pedra do Alexandre archaeological site. FTIR and XRD analyses conducted on 6 random human bone samples from the Site and pH measurements in correlated sediments has enabled us to conclude that all the analyzed bone remains were extensively degraded by microbial activity, although in different degrees of alteration.

Ruru Chen, Zhenbin Xie, Qing Xiao et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2024

Introduction The Sanxingdui site (Sichuan, China) is the typical representative of the ancient Shu culture, which lasts from the late Neolithic to early Western Zhou. The sacrificial pits are located in the core region of Sanxingdui site, and numerous artifacts are unearthed including ivory, seashells, bronzes, pottery, jade, stone, gold, bone, and horn products. The function of the pits and buried artifacts has always been the focus, but the microbiome around artifacts attracts less attention. Recently, the microbiome in buried ivory soil has just been identified; however, the microbiome around other artifacts has never been studied. In term of the unique perspective for interpretation the archaeological issues, the study was carried out for: (1) the microbial diversity and community of soil in the lower layer of artifacts in sacrificial pits, (2) the potential biodeterioration behavior of organic and inorganic relics, and (3) the impact of sacrificial and burial activities in different sacrificial pits on microbiome. Methods There were 45 soil samples around different artifacts in three sacrificial pits and 12 raw soil samples inside or outside the sacrificial pit sampling from Sanxingdui site. The microbial genomes were then identified and analyzed using the next-generation high-throughput sequencing. Results The represented bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, GAL15, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteriota, Methylomirabilota, Thermoplasmatota, Crenarchaeota, Gemmatimonadota, and Firmicutes, and the represented fungal phyla were Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Basidiomycota. Further microbial functional analysis found that the bacterial genera Sphingopyxis, Limnobacter, and Streptomyces and the fungal genera Cladosporium, Acremonium, and Mortierella were concerned with the degradation of organic matter, while the genera Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Variovorax, Aspergillus, and Penicillium might be related to the biocorrosion of bronzes. In addition, the microbial composition and principal co-ordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated the significant differences in microbial composition and structure between the raw soil samples and the soil samples around the artifacts and also between the soil samples in different sacrificial pits. Discussion It is important to understand the biodeterioration of the buried artifacts and the sacrificial activities in Sanxingdui site according to the results of microbial diversity and community. The combination of microbiology and archaeology will shed light on the archaeological issues related to the ancient human activities and behaviors.

C. Orr, R. Williams, H. Halldórsdóttir et al.

Scientific Reports • 2021

Waterlogged burial conditions impact upon artefact preservation. One major determinant of preservation is presence and behaviour of microorganisms, however, unravelling the mechanisms, especially in waterlogged conditions is challenging. In this study, we analysed elemental composition, bacterial diversity and community structure from excavation trenches at the Roman Site of Vindolanda, Northumberland, UK, using pXRF and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Excavation trenches provide information of different occupation periods. The results indicated that microbial communities were dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria at a phylum level. Samples which also had visible vivianite presence showed that there were marked increases in Methylophilus. Methylophilus might be associated with favourable preservation in these anaerobic conditions. More research is needed to clearly link the presence of Methylophilus with vivianite production. The study emphasises the need for further integration of chemical and microbiome approaches, especially in good preservation areas, to explore microbial and chemical degradation mechanisms.

G. Taylor, Rhys Williams, H. Halldórsdóttir et al.

Frontiers in Soil Science • 2023

Introduction Soil at the Roman site of Vindolanda (Northumberland, UK) provides excellent preservation of wooden artefacts including Roman writing tablets. Methods In this study we examined chemical and microbial signature changes within varied occupation contexts of archaeological soil. Analysis included investigating elemental composition, sterol biomarkers, bacterial diversity and community structures from excavation trenches at Vindolanda using pXRF, GC-MS and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Samples were taken from varying depths starting at topsoil and working down through layers of Roman occupation including one cavalry stable floor, two infantry barracks and a cook house, and layers which contained Roman writing tablets. Results and Discussion The chemical results indicate that areas where wooden artefacts were found had increased soil moisture which was also correlated with specific chemical conditions including shifts in iron, sulphur and phosphorous concentration. Steroid biomarkers indicate the presence of faecal matter in layers, supporting occupation descriptions. Overall microbial diversity did not change across the depth profile but was correlated with soil moisture. Anaerobic soils associated with more optimal preservation differed to other soils with increases in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Campilobacterota and Bacteroidota observed. Microbial community structure and putative function as revealed by PICRUSt2 is linked to occupation usage rather than depth of samples with laminated floor layers differing from turf structures. Understanding the complex processes within archaeological soil can help us to understand dynamics of decomposition and preservation. In addition, the apparent preservation of the environmental microbial community as well as the artefacts themselves allows us to understand the microbial environments of the past, how they relate to the present and what this means for our changing environments in the future.

Stéphane Boivin, Amélia Bourceret, Kenji Maurice et al.

Environmental Microbiology • 2023

Human activities have affected the surrounding natural ecosystems, including belowground microorganisms, for millennia. Their short- and medium-term effects on the diversity and the composition of soil microbial communities are well-documented, but their lasting effects remain unknown. When unoccupied for centuries, archaeological sites are appropriate for studying the long-term effects of past human occupancy on natural ecosystems, including the soil compartment. In this work, the soil chemical and bacterial compositions were compared between the Roman fort of Hegra (Saudi Arabia) abandoned for 1500 years, and a preserved area located at 120 m of the southern wall of the Roman fort where no human occupancy was detected. We show that the four centuries of human occupancy have deeply and lastingly modified both the soil chemical and bacterial compositions inside the Roman fort. We also highlight different bacterial putative functions between the two areas, notably associated with human occupancy. Finally, this work shows that the use of soils from archaeological sites causes little disruption and can bring relevant information, at a large scale, during the initial surveys of archaeological sites.

Ruihong Xu, Yuxin Chen, Dongpeng He et al.

Coatings • 2024

Microbial deterioration as one of the widespread problems in archaeological site museums significantly affects their safety and exhibits. This paper systemically investigated the environments and conditions of microbial outbreaks in the Dadiwan No. F901 site museum, which is a representative archaeological site of prehistoric Yangshao culture. The morphology and harmful characteristics of the outbreak microorganisms were analyzed by microscopic techniques. The ultraviolet resistance of harmful microorganisms was also studied. Combining these findings with the original facilities of the site museum, a scientific and reasonable project was proposed to control and prevent the activity of harmful microorganisms. In addition, a 1% OIT/DCOIT biocide concentration was applied to inhibit microorganism-caused deterioration, in combination with mechanical removal based on laboratory tests and screening in situ. The effectiveness of microbial control was assessed using a portable microscope, ATP bioluminescence assay, and color difference detection. As a long-lasting preventive measure for microbial deterioration, an ultraviolet sterilization system can efficaciously prevent the re-outbreak of microbial deterioration to form a relatively stable dynamic balance for the surroundings of the site. This study is a resultful exploration in terms of microbial control and plays an important role in the sustainable protection of archaeological site museums.

, Ingyeong Kim, Hyoungki Ahn

The hoseo Archaeological Society • 2025

This study explores methods and processes for digitally reconstructing archaeological landscapes, focusing on the Daegok-ri site in Suncheon, and examines potential applications of such reconstructions. Study on the restoration and digital representation of heritage sites using digital technology has been steadily progressing both domestically and internationally. Notable international examples include the Rome Reborn Project, while domestic projects such as the Hanyangdoseong Time Machine and the Gyeongju Seorabeol Millennium Time Travel exemplify this trend. These large-scale projects have primarily been conducted by IT companies or a limited number of researchers, making digital approaches in archaeology challenging for those less familiar with digital technologies. To facilitate easier digital reconstruction of archaeological landscapes by researchers, a step-by-step study was conducted. The subject of this study is the Daegok-ri site in Suncheon, which is currently submerged, rendering visual observation of the landscape difficult. Visualization was performed by incorporating archaeological data, paleoenvironmental information, and paleotopographic analysis. The site was reconstructed using GIS, 3D graphics technology, real-time rendering engines, and 3D modeling assets, enhancing its value for various applications. From an academic perspective, the visual representation of the surrounding environment and the spatial relationships between Bronze Age pit houses and dolmens aids in research comprehension. Practically, the reconstruction can be utilized as educational and exhibition material through virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR). It can also contribute to cultural heritage preservation by being developed into virtual tourism resources or immersive extended reality (XR) content. To achieve this, establishing 3D modeling platforms and systematic archiving systems for data sharing is essential. For instance, if platforms similar to the Cultural Heritage Administration's National Heritage Portal's 3D Cultural Heritage section or the Korea Cultural Information Service's Metaverse Data Lab, which provide 3D modeling asset data, are developed for archiving and public sharing, study on the digital restoration and representation of archaeological sites will become more active.

Yangmin Qin, A. Bobrov, Daniel Puppe et al.

SSRN Electronic Journal • 2023

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) is characterized by a vast number of frozen and unfrozen freshwater reservoirs, which is why it is also called "the third pole" of the Earth or "Asian Water Tower". We analyzed testate amoeba (TA) biodiversity and corresponding protozoic biosilicification in lake sediments of the QTP in relation to environmental properties (freshwater conditions, elevation, and climate). As TA are known as excellent bio-indicators, our results allowed us to derive conclusions about the influence of climate warming on TA communities and microbial biogeochemical silicon (Si) cycling. We found a total of 113 TA taxa including some rare and one unknown species in the analyzed lake sediments of the QTP highlighting the potential of this remote region for TA biodiversity. >1/3 of the identified TA taxa were relatively small (<30 μm) reflecting the relatively harsh environmental conditions in the examined lakes. TA communities were strongly affected by physico-chemical properties of the lakes, especially water temperature and pH, but also elevation and climate conditions (temperature, precipitation). Our study reveals climate-related changes in TA biodiversity with consequences for protozoic biosilicification. As the warming trend in the QTP is two to three times faster compared to the global average, our results provide not only deeper insights into the relations between TA biodiversity and environmental properties, but also predictions of future developments in other regions of the world. Moreover, our results provide fundamental data for paleolimnological reconstructions. Thus, examining the QTP is helpful to understand microbial biogeochemical Si cycling in the past, present, and future.

L. Zucconi, Natalia Fierro-Vásquez, André Antunes et al.

npj Biodiversity • 2025

Antarctica, a seemingly barren and icy wilderness, is home to a diverse array of microbial life that plays a critical role in sustaining its ecosystems. These resilient microorganisms drive nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration, but their function in global processes remains unclear. This pristine environment faces mounting threats from human activities, climate change, and increasing tourism. Contaminants, non-native species, and microplastics are increasingly reaching even the most remote regions, disrupting delicate microbial communities existing for millions of years. Antarctic microorganisms are not only ecologically significant but also valuable for biotechnological advancements, making their conservation imperative. Climate change exacerbates these threats, altering microbial habitats and promoting shifts in community structure. Tourism growth, though beneficial for education and economic reasons, poses significant challenges through biological and chemical contamination. Despite efforts under the Antarctic Treaty System to protect the region, there is a critical need for enhanced measures specifically targeting microbial conservation. This article underscores the importance of conserving Antarctic microbial diversity. It highlights the intricate microbial ecosystems and the urgency of implementing strategies such as stringent biosecurity measures, sustainable tourism practices, and comprehensive monitoring programs. Additionally, fostering international collaboration and research initiatives is vital for understanding and designing strategies to mitigate the impacts of environmental changes on microbial life. By prioritizing microbial conservation in policy frameworks and strengthening global cooperation, we can safeguard these unique ecosystems and ensure their resilience for future generations.

A. Zverev, G. Gladkov, A. Kimeklis et al.

Microorganisms • 2023

Restoration of anthropogenically disturbed soils is an urgent problem in modern ecology and soil biology. Restoration processes in northern environments are especially important, due to the small amounts of fertile land and low levels of natural succession. We analyzed the soil microbiota, which is one of the indicators of the succession process is the soil. Samples were obtained from three disturbed soils (self-overgrown and reclaimed quarries), and two undisturbed soils (primary and secondary forests). Primary Forest soil had a well-developed soil profile, and a low pH and TOC (total organic carbon) amount. The microbial community of this soil had low richness, formed a clear remote cluster in the beta-diversity analysis, and showed an overrepresentation of Geobacter (Desulfobacteriota). Soil formation in clay and limestone abandoned quarries was at the initial stage, and was caused by both a low rate of mineral profile formation and severe climatic conditions in the region. Microbial communities of these soils did not have specific abundant taxa, and included a high amount of sparse taxa. Differences in taxa composition were correlated with abiotic factors (ammonium concentration), which, in turn, can be explained by the parent rock properties. Limestone quarry reclaimed by topsoil coverage resulted in an adaptation of the top soil microbiota to a novel parent rock. According to the CCA analysis, the microbial composition of samples was connected with pH, TOC and ammonium nitrogen concentration. Changes in pH and TOC were connected with ASVs from Chloroflexota, Gemmatimonadota and Patescibacteria. ASVs from Gemmatimonadota also were correlated with a high ammonium concentration.

A. Groenenboom, E. Smid, Sijmen E. Schoustra

BMC Research Notes • 2019

Stabilising samples of microbial communities for DNA extraction without access to laboratory equipment can be a challenging task. In this paper we propose a method using filter paper disks for the preservation of DNA from diverse microbial communities which are found in a fermented milk product. Small adaptations to the DNA extraction method used for liquid fermented milk delivered DNA of sufficient amounts and quality to be used for later analyses, e.g. full community 16S amplicon sequencing. The microbial community structure obtained via the filter paper method showed sufficient resemblance to the structure obtain via the traditional DNA extraction from the liquid milk sample. This method can therefore successfully be used to analyse diverse microbial communities from fermented milk products from remote areas.

E. Lopes, M. Semedo, M. P. Tomasino et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2024

Microbial communities are crucial for important ecosystem functions in the open ocean, such as primary production and nutrient cycling. However, few studies have addressed the distribution of microplankton communities in the remote oligotrophic region of the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, the biogeochemical and physical drivers of microbial community structure are not fully understood in these areas. This research aims to investigate the patterns of prokaryotic and protists communities’ distribution in the North Pacific Subtropical Front (NPSF). The NPSF is a vast oligotrophic region with layered surface water and strong ocean currents. Despite its considerable size, its community distribution and function are poorly studied. We used a 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequencing approach to identify and characterize the water column microbial communities at two depths, the surface (3–5 m) and the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM, 108–130 m). We aimed to elucidate the horizontal distribution patterns of these communities and to dissect the factors intricately shaping their distribution in the NPSF. Results showed that the community structure of both prokaryotes and protists was significantly influenced by depth, temperature, and longitude. Regarding alpha diversity, both communities presented a higher diversity at the surface. The prokaryotes also demonstrated to have a higher diversity in samples placed further east. The prokaryotes were dominated by Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, and the eukaryotic communities were dominated by Syndiniales. Combining biological and hydrographic data analysis showed the influence of vertical currents near the frontal jet in shaping the vertical distribution of both prokaryotic and protist communities. Even though most studies do not consider anomalies that emerge at each depth, these occurrences are capable of having a strong impact and influence on community structure. This study marks a significant advance in unraveling the intricate community structure and distribution dynamics of marine microbial communities within the North Pacific Ocean.

Xiaomeng Wang, Muhammad Zain Ul Arifeen, Shengwei Hou et al.

Scientific Data • 2024

The northeastern Indian Ocean exhibits distinct hydrographic characteristics influenced by various local and remote forces. Variations in these driving factors may alter the physiochemical properties of seawater, such as dissolved oxygen levels, and affect the diversity and function of microbial communities. How the microbial communities change across water depths spanning a dissolved oxygen gradient has not been well understood. Here we employed both 16S rDNA amplicon and metagenomic sequencing approaches to study the microbial communities collected from different water depths along the E87 transect in the northeastern Indian Ocean. Samples were collected from the surface, Deep Chlorophyll Maximum (DCM), Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ), and bathypelagic layers. Proteobacteria were prevalent throughout the water columns, while Thermoproteota were found to be abundant in the aphotic layers. A total of 675 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were constructed, spanning 21 bacterial and 5 archaeal phyla. The community structure and genomic information provided by this dataset offer valuable resources for the analysis of microbial biogeography and metabolism in the northeastern Indian Ocean.

Emily Smenderovac, Karelle Rheault, Marie-Ange Moisan et al.

Scientific Reports • 2025

The study of microbial communities of the plant phyllosphere in remote locations using DNA-based approaches is limited by the challenges associated with their preservation in the field and during transportation. Freezing is a common DNA preservation strategy, but it may be unsuitable for leaf samples, or inaccessible in some locations. Other methods such as desiccation, ethanol or commercial preservatives are potential alternative DNA preservation methods for ambient temperature storage. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of desiccation (with silica gel packs), and of three preservation solutions (95% ethanol, RNAlater, LifeGuard) for the preservation of epiphytic phyllosphere communities of Populus tremuloides and Picea glauca at ambient indoor temperature (21 °C) for up to three weeks. We assessed effects on DNA concentration and quality and used metabarcoding to detect changes in bacterial and fungal communities between treatments over time. A secondary study was conducted on leaves of Populus grandidentata to further test the ability of the desiccation treatment to resolve differences between sampling sites. Silica gel packs were identified as effective ambient temperature preservative of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities. There were some changes in the communities compared to immediate extraction due to this treatment, but these changes did not affect the ability to distinguish tree species and sampling locations. Overall, our study supports the use of silica gel pack short term preservation at ambient temperature for phyllosphere samples intended for DNA-based microbial community analyses.

V. Kadnikov, A. Mardanov, D. Ivasenko et al.

Scientific Reports • 2018

Thermal ecosystems associated with underground coal combustion sites are rare and less studied than geothermal features. Here we analysed microbial communities of near-surface ground layer and bituminous substance in an open quarry heated by subsurface coal fire by metagenomic DNA sequencing. Taxonomic classification revealed dominance of only a few groups of Firmicutes. Near-complete genomes of three most abundant species, ‘Candidatus Carbobacillus altaicus’ AL32, Brockia lithotrophica AL31, and Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii AL33, were assembled. According to the genomic data, Ca. Carbobacillus altaicus AL32 is an aerobic heterotroph, while B. lithotrophica AL31 is a chemolithotrophic anaerobe assimilating CO2 via the Calvin cycle. H. schlegelii AL33 is an aerobe capable of both growth on organic compounds and carrying out CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle. Phylogenetic analysis of the large subunit of RuBisCO of B. lithotrophica AL31 and H. schlegelii AL33 showed that it belongs to the type 1-E. All three Firmicutes species can gain energy from aerobic or anaerobic oxidation of molecular hydrogen, produced as a result of underground coal combustion along with other coal gases. We propose that thermophilic Firmicutes, whose spores can spread from their original geothermal habitats over long distances, are the first colonizers of this recently formed thermal ecosystem.

Jilong Zou, Daen Bao, Tong Yu

2024 6th International Conference on Energy, Power and Grid (ICEPG) • 2024

Off-grid island microgrids, which integrate renewable energy sources, are instrumental in addressing the challenges of electricity provision and environmental sustainability in remote locales. This study presents an optimization design of a microgrid system on a specific Chinese island, leveraging the HOMER Pro software for power system simulation as a design support tool. The design capitalizes on the island’s bountiful wind and solar resources by employing a hybrid wind-solar power generation strategy to supply the microgrid with electricity. The simulation outcomes from HOMER Pro demonstrate that the proposed system exhibits favorable economic viability, environmental sustainability, and reliability in power supply.

Saleh Awadh Al Dawsari, Fatih Anayi, M. Packianather

2024 12th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid) • 2024

Energy storage systems are increasingly deployed globally for future energy planning. Fluctuations in solar radiation and wind speed often generate extra or shortage of electricity from solar photovoltaic arrays and wind turbines. Introducing hybrid energy storage systems becomes pivotal in bolstering the reliability of power generation through solar installations and wind speed. Microgrids are essential infrastructure within smart grid frameworks, particularly in photovoltaic systems. This paper introduces an innovative methodology to assess the incorporation of solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine renewable energy systems (RES) together with Electrolyzer-Fuel Cell Energy Storage Systems (EFCS) and Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS). In order to enhance the system's reliability, a backup diesel generator (DG) has been included in the configuration. A novel framework for configuring the off-grid hybrid energy system that combines Electrolyzer, fuel cells (FC), wind turbines (WTs), photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries (BATT), and DGs to determine the optimal size of each unit to meet the load demand. To accomplish this, each component undergoes modeling, with the total annual cost serving as the foundation for defining the objective function. Additionally, the optimization problem considers the highest permissible loss of power supply probability (LPSP), ensuring system dependability. Moreover, the minimization of the dummy load has been considered in the objective function. The Mantis Search Algorithm (MSA) algorithm is applied for the first time to minimize the objective function of hybrid energy systems. a noteworthy proficiency in exploitation and exploration is the main feature of applying the MSA algorithm. A practical case study is applied to the proposed methodology, and the results are analyzed. The PV/Wind/FC/Electrolyzer/batteries/DG configuration based MSA algorithm emerges as a cost-effective energy system.

R. Wu, Zhiguang Zhu

ACS Sustainable Chemistry &amp; Engineering • 2018

Enzymatic electrosynthesis has been used to synthesize a variety of chemicals with the electric energy input. On the other hand, enzymatic fuel cells can provide off-grid electricity from inexpensi...

Charlie Hailey

Public • 2020

When the last U.S. Census canvassed Slab City, a remote, self-governed community of artists, retirees, anarchists and homeless people in southern California’s desert, most of its residents claimed ownership of the plots they occupied as “free and clear.” And yet Slab City itself occupies land that is public, as firm in this designation as the resolve of those who live there. Often called the “last free place,” this square-mile plot is one of the remaining Section 36 areas, which were originally reserved for the state’s public schools when each township was laid out by the National Ordinance’s land surveys that blanketed the American West in an invisible but all-encompassing grid. Consequently, the state of California hosts an array of one-square mile pockets of land. Among these, Slab City is a camp that bears the ongoing question of how land—environmentally inhospitable yet relatively hospitable in its public status—might host practices of self-determination, self-regulated community, and national identity. Veritable blind spots of land management, Section 36 areas contrast other more regulated, though comparable, practices on public and private lands. The Bureau of Land Management oversees Long Term Visitor Areas where campers can park trailers across vast territories for extended periods of time, and Walmart plays host to cross-country travelers who overnight in its parking lots—a permutation of recreational camping known as boondocking. But what happens in the absence of oversight? In places where the campsites become permanent? In times when those living there have arrived not only by choice but also in many cases out of necessity? Legacies of a country’s organizational matrix, Section 36’s pockets of land linger as residual pieces of frontier mythologies, as testaments of the arbitrariness of the grid and its land policies, and as fertile ground for alternative practices of adapting to inhospitable environments and making home in improvised communities. This essay seeks to understand how Section 36 land hosts contemporary intersections of public space and freedom.

A. Jawad

Journal of Developing Country Studies • 2024

Sustainable Development - 2030 is poised for a transformative global landscape, marked by two pressing challenges: antibiotic resistance, an escalating public health crisis, and the pursuit of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to alleviate poverty and enhance living standards. This commentary explores the intricate relationship between antibiotic resistance, the 2030 agenda for sustainable development, and poverty in developing countries. Antibiotic resistance, primarily fuelled by overuse and misuse, threatens to intensify the burden of infectious diseases, particularly among vulnerable populations. Concurrently, sustainable development in these regions is beset with hurdles. Eradicating poverty, a central SDG-2030 goal hinges on addressing healthcare disparities and the impacts of antibiotic resistance. This in-depth analysis comprehensively examines the complex interplay of these factors, evaluating the challenges they pose to the SDGs-2030. It assesses the current state of sustainable development and its potential to uplift impoverished communities, highlighting the consequences of antibiotic resistance on healthcare access and the challenges related to achieving food security amid antibiotic residues. The paper explores strategies and obstacles in the dual pursuit of poverty elimination and antibiotic resistance mitigation, emphasizing the need for holistic, evidence-based solutions across social, economic, environmental, and health dimensions. These commentaries offer insights and recommendations to inspire proactive efforts towards a more equitable and sustainable future.