R. M. Alonso, M. I. San-Martín, A. Sotres et al.

Scientific Reports • 2017

Abstract This study seeks to assess the impact that the anodic electrodeposition of graphene oxide (GO) has on the start-up process and on the development of microbial communities on the anode of BESs. The GO electrodeposited electrodes were characterised in abiotic conditions to verify the extent of the modification and were then transferred to a bioelectrochemical reactor. Results showed that the modified electrode allowed for a reduced start-up time compared to the control electrode. After three months, high throughput sequencing was performed, revealing that electrochemically reduced graphene oxide acts as a selective agent toward exoelectrogenic bacteria as Geobacter . Overall, this study shows that GO modified electrodes enhance biofilm build up in BES.

Vijay Jaswal, Rajesh Banu J, Yogalakshmi K. N.

SSRN Electronic Journal • 2022

Nano-bedecking of electrode with nanoparticles is an effective method to improve power generation of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, different concentrations (0.25 mg cm -2 , 0.50 mg cm -2 , 0.75 mg cm -2 and 1.0 mg cm -2 ) of TiO 2 nanoparticles of size 10-25 nm were overlaid on the carbon cloth (CC) using spray pyrolysis technique and used as catalytic cathode in a dual-chambered microbial fuel cell treating distillery wastewater. Results evidenced that TiO 2 nanoparticles modified cathode increased the power generation and recorded a highest power and current density of 162.5 ± 2 mW m -2 and 1.4 ± 0.005 A m -2 , respectively. Carbon cloth coated with 0.50 mg cm -2 TiO 2 nanoparticles showed 2.8 and 7.3 times higher current and power density as compared to uncoated cathode. MFC operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) and organic loading rate (OLR) of 72 h and 59.2 g COD L -1 d -1 showed a maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 72.3% which was 15.3% higher than the control MFC. Likewise, the coulombic efficiency of control and modified MFC was 33% and 44%, respectively. The maximum NO 3 - - N, NO 2 - - N and NH 4 + - N removal efficiency of 77.3%, 49.9% and 59.4% were observed for TiO 2 nanoparticles modified electrode which was 19.3%, 11.4% and 10.5% higher than control. TiO 2 modified cathode was effective in enhancing the bioelectricity generation in MFCs.

Sevi Murugavel

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2023

The development of new and novel electrode materials for energy storage devices has become the intensive research by the materials science community because of its importance in the portable electronic devices, hybrid electric vehicles and many other applications. Since the discovery by Goodenough and his co-workers on the electrochemical behavior of olivine LiFePO 4 (LFP), different theoretical and experimental investigations have been undertaken to optimize it as cathode material in lithium-ion batteries and trying to understand the charge/discharge mechanism. Despite having many fascinating electrochemical properties, the main drawback of LFP lies with its low gravimetric density and poor electrical conductivity (both electronic and ionic) which limits the lithium intercalation/deintercalation rates, and hence the practical specific capacity. Therefore, it becomes necessary to gain the fundamental understanding of electronic structure of the LFP system by adopting appropriate experimental technique. We exploit the combined Mössbauer and X-ray absorption spectroscopy to unravel the electronic structure and local site symmetry of Fe in olivine structured LFP with different crystallite sizes (CS). The lattice parameters are found to contract with decrease in CS monotonously, whereas the electronic structural parameters exhibit two different regions with threshold anomaly around ≈30 nm CS. The 57 Fe Mössbauer studies reveal the coexistence of Fe 2+ and Fe 3+ sites and their relative concentration are mainly determined by the CS, which provides the comprehensive insight into the electronic structure of LFP at mesoscopic level. The soft X-ray absorption unravels unequivocally the valance states of Fe 3d electrons in the proximity of Fermi level, which are prone to the local lattice distortion. An obtained spectra fingerprint the effect of CS supplying rich information on valence state of iron, lithium-ion vacancy concentration, covalency and crystal field. The unique structural and electronic properties of the LFP are closely interlinked with changes in the bonding character, which shows the strong dependency on the CS. The evolution of the 3d states is in overall agreement with the local lattice distortion and provides the origin of the size effects on the electronic structure olivine phosphate and other transition metal ion containing materials. We observe polaronic conductivity enhancement of approximately two orders of magnitude at the nanoscale level as compared with its bulk counterpart. The volumetric changes with respect to crystallite size are related to the compressive strain resulting into the improvement in the electronic diffusivity. The nano-crystalline LFP with better kinetics will open the new avenue for its usage as cathode material in rechargeable batteries.

Carolina del Real Mata, Roozbeh Siavash Moakhar, Sara Mahshid

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2020

Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) acts as a critical second messenger in fundamental biological processes, which makes it a highly important target for direct detection in biological systems. Among various read-out techniques, photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing offers a low limit of detection and high sensitivity. Here, a promising, non-enzymatic, sunlight-driven, simple photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensor for H 2 O 2 detection is presented. The electrode is based on a Si wafer, a thick ZnO spacer, a thin Au layer and a graphene layer on top. The fabrication was done through conventional e-beam evaporation deposition technique for the spacer and metal film. An additional layer of graphene was drop-casted on top. The latter provides highly conductive scaffolds to ease electron transport and to increase the electrode sensitivity. The morphological characteristics and optical properties were investigated via FESEM and UV-Vis spectroscopy, respectively. Additionally, the electrochemical characterization was conducted using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry. Direct detection of H 2 O 2 was studied via chronoamperometry method under simulated sunlight by using a three-electrode configuration in which stainless-steel served as both counter and reference electrodes and the fabricated electrode as the working electrode. The photo responses to gold and gold/graphene electrodes in a non-enzymatic and biocompatible PBS environment with a pH 7.2 were thoroughly investigated. The gold-graphene demonstrates boosted properties combining excellent photoelectroactivity and high sensitivity towards H 2 O 2 with a superb limit of detection of 1pM in a linear range of 1pM-100mM. Keywords : Hydrogen peroxide, gold, graphene, photoelectrochemical sensor

Takafumi Kato, Takuya Yoda, Naoki Yoshihara

Chemistry Letters • 2022

Abstract Biomass-derived carbon materials have attracted interest as metal-free electrode candidates for electrochemical reactions. Hydrocarbon formation (i.e., methane and ethane) using the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2ER) on as-synthesized sulfur (S) containing lignin derived carbon electrodes was demonstrated. The current efficiencies of hydrocarbon products by CO2ER were found to be dependent on the carbonized temperature and a thermal treatment scheme, resulting in different surface structures and chemical composition of S species.

Sandipam Srikanth, Yolanda Alvarez‐Gallego, Karolien Vanbroekhoven et al.

ChemPhysChem • 2017

Abstract The enzymatic electrosynthesis of formic acid from the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by using formate dehydrogenase (FDH) as a catalyst at the cathode in both its free and immobilized forms was studied in detail in a bioelectrochemical system (BES). The essential role of solubilizing CO 2 for its conversion was also studied by adding carbonic anhydrase (CA) to the FDH enzyme in both its free and immobilized forms. FDH alone in the free form showed large variation in the reduction current [(−6.2±3.9) A m −2 ], whereas the immobilized form showed less variation [(−3.8±0.5) A m −2 ] due to increased enzyme stability. The addition of CA with FDH increased the consumption of the current in both forms due to the fact that it allowed rapid dissolution of CO 2 , which made it available for the catalytic reaction with FDH. Remarkably, stable consumption of the current was observed throughout the operation if both CA and FDH were immobilized onto the electrode [(−3.9±0.2) A m −2 ]. Product formation by the immobilized enzyme was also continued for three repetitive cycles, which revealed the longevity of the enzyme after immobilization. The recyclability of NADH (NAD=nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was also clearly evidenced on the derivative voltammetric signature. Extension of this study for continuous and long‐term operation may reveal more possibilities for the rapid capture and conversion of CO 2 .

Nhlanganiso Ivan Madondo, Sudesh Rathilal, Babatunde Femi Bakare et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences • 2023

The interspecies electron transfer (IET) between microbes and archaea is the key to how the anaerobic digestion process performs. However, renewable energy technology that utilizes the application of a bioelectrochemical system together with anaerobic additives such as magnetite-nanoparticles can promote both direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) as well as indirect interspecies electron transfer (IIET). This has several advantages, including higher removal of toxic pollutants present in municipal wastewater, higher biomass to renewable energy conversion, and greater electrochemical efficiencies. This review explores the synergistic influence of bioelectrochemical systems and anaerobic additives on the anaerobic digestion of complex substrates such as sewage sludge. The review discussions present the mechanisms and limitations of the conventional anaerobic digestion process. In addition, the applicability of additives in syntrophic, metabolic, catalytic, enzymatic, and cation exchange activities of the anaerobic digestion process are highlighted. The synergistic effect of bio-additives and operational factors of the bioelectrochemical system is explored. It is elucidated that a bioelectrochemical system coupled with nanomaterial additives can increase biogas–methane potential compared to anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the prospects of a bioelectrochemical system for wastewater require research attention.

Yilkal Dessie, Sisay Tadesse

Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research • 2022

Sweta Naik, Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu

Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering • 2021

Soon Bee Quek, Liang Cheng, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch

Bioresource Technology • 2015

Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) is a key predictor for membrane biofouling in seawater desalination reverse osmosis (SWRO). Microbial fuel cells have been considered as biosensors for the detection of biodegradable organics. However, the presence of dissolved oxygen (DO) is known to completely suppress the signal production (i.e., current) of a typical MFC. This study describes AOC detection in normal oxygenated seawater by coupling an electrochemical cell for DO removal with a MFC-biosensor for AOC detection. The electrochemical deoxygenation for oxygen removal caused no interference in the AOC detection. A linear relationship (R(2)=0.991) between the AOC concentration and current production from the MFC biosensor was achieved. The coupling of an electrochemical cell with a MFC-biosensor can be effectively used as an online, rapid and inexpensive measure of AOC concentrations and hence as an indicator for biofouling potential of seawater.

Soon Bee Quek, Liang Cheng, Ralf Cord-Ruwisch

Water Research • 2015

The development of an assimilable organic carbon (AOC) detecting marine microbial fuel cell (MFC) biosensor inoculated with microorganisms from marine sediment was successful within 36 days. This established marine MFC was tested as an AOC biosensor and reproducible microbiologically produced electrical signals in response to defined acetate concentration were achieved. The dependency of the biosensor sensitivity on the potential of the electron-accepting electrode (anode) was investigated. A linear correlation (R(2) > 0.98) between electrochemical signals (change in anodic potential and peak current) and acetate concentration ranging from 0 to 150 μM (0-3600 μg/L of AOC) was achieved. However, the present biosensor indicated a different-linear relation at somewhat elevated acetate concentration ranging from 150 to 450 μM (3600-10,800 μg/L of AOC). This high concentration of acetate addition could be measured by coulombic measurement (cumulative charges) with a linear correlation. For the acetate concentration detected in this study, the sensor recovery time could be controlled within 100 min.

Adib Mahmoodi Nasrabadi, Mahdi Moghimi

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy • 2022

Mohammad Ranjbar, Mohammadreza Esmailbagi, Mahin Schaffie

Solid State Phenomena • 2017

The objective of this study is to improve the understanding of copper sulfides dissolution and to use this knowledge for optimization of process parameters for commercial application of electrochemical bioleaching of chalcopyrite concentrates in stirred bioreactors. From the results of this study, the importance of the oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on the catalytic interaction between chalcopyrite and pyrite can be pointed out as the main parameters for successful bioprocessing of chalcopyrite concentrates. Under these conditions, the optimization of the average particle size of feed (D80) and adjusting the ORP in the range between 400-450 mV are important criteria for increasing the electrochemical bioleaching rate of chalcopyrite concentrates. It seems that the main reason for the increased copper recovery could be the control and prevention of chalcopyrite passivation resulting from improved galvanic interaction between copper sulfide minerals, here especially chalcopyrite and pyrite in the selected ORP range and the right particle size distribution of feed. At optimum conditions, the copper extraction from chalcopyrite flotation concentrate during 7 days of continuous electrochemical bioleaching operations in stirred tanks was about 95%, which should be high enough to justify the process economically.

Huajun Feng, Xueqin Zhang, Kun Guo et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 2015

ABSTRACT Fed batch bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) based on electrical stimulation were used to treat p -fluoronitrobenzene ( p -FNB) wastewater at high salinities. At a NaCl concentration of 40 g/liter, p -FNB was removed 100% in 96 h in the BES, whereas in the biotic control (BC) (absence of current), p -FNB removal was only 10%. By increasing NaCl concentrations from 0 g/liter to 40 g/liter, defluorination efficiency decreased around 40% in the BES, and in the BC it was completely ceased. p -FNB was mineralized by 30% in the BES and hardly in the BC. Microorganisms were able to store 3.8 and 0.7 times more K + and Na + intracellularly in the BES than in the BC. Following the same trend, the ratio of protein to soluble polysaccharide increased from 3.1 to 7.8 as the NaCl increased from 0 to 40 g/liter. Both trends raise speculation that an electrical stimulation drives microbial preference toward K + and protein accumulation to tolerate salinity. These findings are in accordance with an enrichment of halophilic organisms in the BES. Halobacterium dominated in the BES by 56.8% at a NaCl concentration of 40 g/liter, while its abundance was found as low as 17.5% in the BC. These findings propose a new method of electrical stimulation to improve microbial salinity resistance.

Shu-Hui Liu, Kun-Yan Lee

Journal of Power Sources • 2021

Ademola Adekunle, Vijaya Raghavan, Boris Tartakovsky

Journal of Power Sources • 2017

Chaeho Im, Minsoo Kim, Jung Rae Kim et al.

Frontiers in Microbiology • 2024

Fossil resources must be replaced by renewable resources in production systems to mitigate green-house gas emissions and combat climate change. Electro-fermentation utilizes a bioelectrochemical system (BES) to valorize industrial and municipal waste. Current electro-fermentation research is mainly focused on microbial electrosynthesis using CO 2 for producing commodity chemicals and replacing petroleum-based infrastructures. However, slow production rates and low titers of metabolites during CO 2 -based microbial electrosynthesis impede its implementation to the real application in the near future. On the other hand, CO is a highly reactive gas and an abundant feedstock discharged from fossil fuel-based industry. Here, we investigated CO and CO 2 electro-fermentation, using a CO-enriched culture. Fresh cow fecal waste was enriched under an atmosphere of 50% CO and 20% CO 2 in N 2 using serial cultivation. The CO-enriched culture was dominated by Clostridium autoethanogenum (≥89%) and showed electro-activity in a BES reactor with CO 2 sparging. When 50% CO was included in the 20% CO 2 gas with 10 mA applied current, acetate and ethanol were produced up to 12.9 ± 2.7 mM and 2.7 ± 1.1 mM, respectively. The coulombic efficiency was estimated to 148% ± 8% without an electron mediator. At 25 mA, the culture showed faster initial growth and acetate production but no ethanol production, and only at 86% ± 4% coulombic efficiency. The maximum optical density (OD) of 10 mA and 25 mA reactors were 0.29 ± 0.07 and 0.41 ± 0.03, respectively, whereas it was 0.77 ± 0.19 without electric current. These results show that CO electro-fermentation at low current can be an alternative way of valorizing industrial waste gas using a bioelectrochemical system.

Jean Pierre Muhoza, Hongzhi Ma, Loissi Kalakodio et al.

International Journal of Waste Resources • 2017

Tekalign Tesfaye, Yohannes Shuka, Sisay Tadesse et al.

Scientific Reports • 2025

A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a modern, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective energy conversion technology that utilizes renewable organic waste as fuel, converting stored chemical energy into usable bioelectricity in the presence of a biocatalyst. Despite advancements in MFC technology, several challenges remain in optimizing power production efficiency, particularly regarding anode materials and modifications. In this study, low-cost biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 NPs) were coated with a polyaniline (PANI) conducting matrix to synthesize hybrid Fe 3 O 4 /PANI binary nanocomposites (NCs) as modified MFC anodes via an in-situ polymerization process. Characterization techniques, including UV-Vis, XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, revealed the successful synthesis of green-routed nano-scaled materials with altered optical properties after matrix coating, high crystallinity in the iron oxide phase, rougher surface morphology, and characteristic Fe-O peaks at 594 cm⁻ 1 . Additionally, the electrochemical behavior of the prepared nano-materials was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), where low ΔEp values (0.473 V) for Fe 3 O 4 /PANI NCs indicated the presence of reversible charge transfer mechanisms at the electrode surface, reflecting a high rate of electron transfer. The synthesized nanocomposite was used to modify pencil graphite anodes to construct four single-chamber MFCs: bare pencil graphite anodes, pencil graphite anodes modified with Fe 3 O 4 , PANI, and Fe 3 O 4 /PANI nanocomposites. The maximum open circuit voltage (OCV) value was 645 ± 24.50 mV, with a high power output of 424.51 ± 6.86 mW/m 2 and current density of 2475.01 ± 1.23 mA m -2 produced by the Fe 3 O 4 /PANI NCs modified pencil graphite electrode, which is more than six times the efficiency in terms of power density compared to the unmodified pencil graphite electrode (PGE). These results demonstrate that the synthesized nanocomposite plays an effective and value-added role in modifying traditional carbon anode electrodes within an MFC energy conversion device system.

Sadia Sikder, Md. Mostafizur Rahman

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering • 2023

Kyle S. Jiang, Betar M. Gallant

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2023

The lithium (Li) metal anode holds great promise for high energy-density rechargeable batteries due to its high gravimetric capacity (3860 mAh/g), an order of magnitude larger than graphite at a similar electrochemical potential (-3.040 V vs SHE for Li). However, limited Coulombic efficiency (CE), caused by the thermodynamic instability of conventional Li-ion electrolyte solvents and salts with Li that leads to unstable solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) during repeated plating and stripping, has hindered the commercialization of Li metal batteries. Research efforts have focused on tuning the electrolyte composition to promote a stable SEI that simultaneously blocks continuous side reactions and electronic conductivity while facilitating Li + transport [1], with coin cells being by far the most preferred form factor for evaluating these electrolyte designs. Coin cells enable accessible and rapid testing of diverse electrolyte compositions. Their preparation requires no specialized equipment beyond an inert chemical environment, a crimping mechanism to seal the cell, and modest quantities of Li metal (~50 - 100 μm thickness) and electrolyte (~50 - 100 μL volume) [2]. Despite these attractive features, the procedures for preparing and techniques for measuring CE in coin cells are not fully standardized. In this presentation, we examine the impact on measured CE from preparation and testing procedures, including the internal coin cell stack consisting of components such as the electrodes, current collectors / spacers, and separators, and the cycling protocol. While the cycling protocol and cycling capacity are known to affect capacity loss mechanisms in Li metal batteries [3], we show that variances in CE can additionally be attributed to specific details of cell preparation. In particular, the working electrode area and stack thickness affect the pressure magnitude and uniformity inside the cell. We demonstrate that standardizing the procedures for preparing coin cells reduces variation due to nonuniformities and edge effects and hence improves the reproducibility of CE measurements. [1] Hobold, G. M., et al. Nature Energy 2021 6 (10), 951-960. [2] Xiao, J., et al. Nature Energy 2020 5 (8), 561-568. [3] Adams, B. D., et al. Advanced Energy Materials 2018 8 (7), 1702097. Figure 1

Yangyang Gao, Fengjun Yin, Weiqi Ma et al.

Bioelectrochemistry • 2020

The quantification of biodegradable organic matter (BOM) in polluted water plays an essential role for biodegradation-based processing of wastewater and management of water environment. Compared with the traditional detection of five-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ), microbial fuel cell (MFC) sensors have shown an advantage for rapid and more accurate BOM assessment in several hours using coulombic yield of MFC as the signal. In this study, we propose a new calculation method that relies on the partial coulombic yield (P-CY) to further shorten the duration of the measurement. The P-CY is the cumulative coulomb at the point at which the voltage acquisition reaches a maximum voltage drop rate. The detection results with the standard GGA solution (a mixture of glucose and glutamic acid) show an enhanced linear relationship ranging from 37.5 mg L -1 to 375 mg L -1 in comparison to conventional methods. Notably, the response time for P-CY is remarkably shortened (0.99 ± 0.18-18.08 ± 0.58 h). The cutoff point for P-CY has more stable electrochemical characteristics, which enhances the accuracy of BOM detection. Furthermore, the validity of our determination of the cutoff point for P-CY is demonstrated by a mathematical model based on the Michaelis-Menten equation. Thus, the P-CY method is viable for the rapid detection of BOM in polluted water.

Wulin Yang, Xu Wang, Moon Son et al.

Journal of Power Sources • 2020

Daniel Liu, Jimmy Kuo, Chorng-Horng Lin

Processes • 2024

Certain bacteria can transfer extracellular electrons and are applied in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this study, we compared the extracellular electron transfer characteristics of 85 genomes from nine genera, namely Blautia, Bradyrhizobium, Desulfuromonas, Dialister, Geobacter, Geothrix, Shewanella, Sphingomonas, and Phascolarctobacterium, using the bioinformatic tools Prokka 1.14.6, Roary 3.13.0, Panaroo 1.3.4, PEPPAN 1.0.6, and Twilight. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering of genes related to extracellular electron transfer revealed a good genus-level structure. The relative abundance and hierarchical clustering analyses performed in this study suggest that the bacteria Desulfuromonas, Geobacter, Geothrix, and Shewanella have more extracellular electron transfer genes and cluster together. Further functional differences among the genomes showed that 66 genes in these bacteria were significantly higher in abundance than in the other five bacteria (p < 0.01) based on PEPPAN followed by a Twilight analysis. Our work provides new potential insights into extracellular electron transfer in microorganisms.

Arpita Bose, Zhecheng Zhang

Open Access Government • 2025

Role of extracellular electron transfer in the nitrogen cycle Extracellular electron transfer impacts the nitrogen cycle by enhancing microbial processes and connecting to other biogeochemical cycles. Understanding EET mechanisms provides insights into ecosystem functioning and potential advancements; Arpita Bose and Zhecheng (Robert) Zhang explain. Nitrogen is a fundamental element required by all living species. It can be found in amino acids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The nitrogen cycle promotes nitrogen transformation and transit across the environment, making it available for biological activity. Key steps in the cycle include nitrogen fixation (conversion of atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia), nitrification (oxidation of ammonia to nitrate), denitrification (reduction of nitrate to nitrogen gas), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), which then converts ammonium and nitrite directly to nitrogen gas. Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is the mechanism by which microorganisms transmit electrons from their cells to accept electrons from external donors. This ability allows microorganisms to interact with insoluble substrates, which, in turn, influences a variety of biogeochemical cycles, including the nitrogen cycle. Understanding EET’s function sheds light on microbial ecology and environmental processes.

M. BouDagher-Fadel

UCL Press eBooks • 2018

1. Biology and history of larger benthic foraminiferaHistory and biological classification of foraminiferaEcology of the living larger foraminiferaPalaeontological and evolutionary history of the larger foraminiferaTaxanomic features used in larger foraminiferal classificationBiostratigraphic distribution over time of larger foaminiferaGeneral factors effecting the evolution of marine species in the mid to late Phanerozic2. The Palaeozoic larger benthic foraminifera: The Carboniferous and PermianMorphology and taxonomy of Palaeozoic larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of the fusulinidsPalaeogeographic distribution of the fusulinids3. The Mesozoic larger benthic foraminifera: the TriassicMorphology and taxonomy of Triassic larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of Triassic foraminiferaPalaeogeographic distribution of Triassic foraminifera4. The Mesozoic larger benthic foraminifera: the JurassicMorphology and taxonomy of Jurassic larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of Jurassic foraminiferaPalaeogeographic distribution of Jurassic foraminifera5. The Mesozoic larger benthic foraminifera: the CretaceousMorphology and taxonomy of Cretaceous larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of Cretaceous foraminiferaPalaeogeographic distribution of Cretaceous foraminifera6. The Palaeogene larger benthic foraminiferaMorphology and taxonomy of Palaeogene larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of Palaeogene foraminiferaPalaeogeographic distribution of Palaeogene foraminifera7. The Neogene larger benthic foraminiferaMorphology and taxonomy Neogene larger benthic foraminiferaBiostratigraphy and phylogenetic evolutionPalaeoecology of Neogene foraminiferaPalaeogeographic distribution of Neogene foraminifera8. SynthesisImportance of application of larger foraminifera in biostratigraphyImportance of larger foraminifera as marine environmental indicatorsThe significance of the larger foraminifera assemblages in the understanding of the global distribution of carbonate sediments and their value in contributing raw data to palaeoenvironmental and palaeoclimatic modelsAppendixNomenclature terminology and glossary

W. Prasidha, M. Taufiq

• 2021

This study was aimed at evaluating the effect of sodium acetate on the performance of aerated double chamber microbial fuel cells from tofu whey. Six different mass of sodium acetate was soluted in the anode chamber (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 gr). The value of open circuit voltage (OCV) was taken to analyze the performance. A double chamber microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed to produce electricity from tofu whey and studied for 1680 hours (70 days). Anode and cathode were made by uncoated graphite rod. After 1680 hours, the electricity production characteristics were obtained. The results show that the highest OCV (274 mV) was reached by adding 5 gr of sodium acetate in the anode chamber. Furthermore, adding 5 gr sodium acetate in the anode chamber could provide more stable OCV then other (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 gr sodium acetate). From the study can be concluded that adding the sodium acetate in the anode chamber can provide stable and higher OCV.

Z. H. E N H E, ‡ N O R B E R T W A G N E R, T. A N G E N E N T

• 0

Z H E N H E , ‡ N O R B E R T W A G N E R , § S H E L L E Y D . M I N T E E R , | A N D L A R G U S T . A N G E N E N T * , ‡ Department of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Science Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, Institute for Technical Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri 63103

Palash Pan, Nandan Bhattacharyya

Biofuels • 2024

Abstract Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are indeed a promising technology with the potential to address energy shortages and environmental pollution simultaneously. MFC utilizes the metabolic activities of microbes to convert organic substrates into electrical energy. This study assesses the power production capabilities of an isolated bacterial strain from soil, Bacillus paramycoides NBPP1, using different configurations of MFCs. The organic waste from chicken butchery shop is used as nutrient and aluminum and graphite as anode and cathode respectively. The MFC achieved voltage in an open circuitof 662 mV, maximal density of power of 4 Wm−2, internal resistance of 898 Ω, and coulombic efficiency of 6.66% for dual chambers. For single chambers, the values were 649 mV, 570 Ω, 2.6 Wm−2, and 3.75% respectively. The COD removal efficiency was 57.14% for dual chambers and 47.16% for single chambers. The MFC also demonstrated LED illumination in a series circuit for a longer duration, with a maximum power density of 6.40 Wm−2. Additionally, the residual broth was found to be an effective organic fertilizer with adequate N, K, and sufficient P. This study highlights the sustainable resource utilization in MFC organic waste, which encompasses power generation, waste management, and the potential for organic fertilizer production.

M. Fernandez-Gatell, X. Sanchez‐Vila, J. Puigagut

• 2021

Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are devices that transform the chemical energy of organic and inorganic substrates into an electric current. BES represents a particularly interesting biosensor technology for monitoring the performance of  remote/isolated wastewater treatment facilities (such as constructed wetlands). The work presented here aimed to assess the potential use of the electric signal produced by low-cost, membrane-less BES systems as an indicator of the operational conditions and treatment performance of natural-based wastewater treatment systems. For this purpose, several BES configurations and operation modes working under real domestic wastewater conditions were monitored. Results showed that the electric current produced by the BES significantly correlates with key parameters in biological-based wastewater treatment systems such as microbial activity and biomass, water COD or solids accumulation. Therefore, our work demonstrates the feasibility of applying bioelectrochemical-based low-cost biosensors for the improvement and control of natural-based wastewater treatment systems.     Keywords: bioelectrochemical systems, wastewater, microbial activity, organic matter, low-cost, biosensor

Dandan Liu

• 2018

Methane-producing Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is a promising technology converting renewable electricity into the form of storable methane. The objective of this thesis is to achieve efficient methane production in methane-producing BESs and investigate its applicability in full-scale powerto- gas projects. We focus on improving the biocathode performance by exploring suitable cathode materials and operational conditions, e.g. decreasing biocathode start-up time by using heat-treated stainless steel felt (Chapter 2), achieving high-rate methane production by using a granular activated carbon (Chapter 3). We also investigated the effect of intermittent electricity supply on performance of carbon-based biocathodes in methane-producing BESs (Chapter 4). We showed that integrating methane-producing BES into anaerobic digestion could be an attractive strategy to enhance the performance of anaerobic digestion in cold area (Chapter 5). Based on the results of this thesis, we evaluated the possible main issues by performing a techno-economic analysis of a full-scale methane-producing BESs (Chapter 6).

A. Tremouli, T. Kamperidis, G. Lyberatos

Molecules • 2021

Four multiple air–cathode microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were developed under the scope of using extracts from fermentable household food waste (FORBI) for the production of bioelectricity. The operation of the MFCs was assessed in batch mode, considering each cell individually. Τhe chemical oxygen demand (COD) efficiency was relatively high in all cases (>85% for all batch cycles) while the electricity yield was 20 mJ/gCOD/L of extract solution. The four units were then electrically connected as a stack, both in series and in parallel, and were operated continuously. Approximately 62% COD consumption was obtained in continuous stack operation operated in series and 67% when operated in parallel. The electricity yield of the stack was 2.6 mJ/gCOD/L of extract solution when operated continuously in series and 0.7 mJ/gCOD/L when operated continuously in parallel.

Uma Thanganathan

International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology • 2018

Membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) for a low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell were fabricated using glass composite membrane and Pt/C electrode were evaluated by various operating condition. The stability and durability of the cell and polarization characteristics of membrane electrode assembles (MEAs) were reported. Electrochemical performances on MEAs consist of PWA {(12-tungsto(VI) phosphoric acid, n-hydrate)}/P2O5(phosphoric acid)/SiO2 (TEOS, tetraethoxysilane) glass composite membrane electrolyte and Pt/C electrode have been demonstrated representing a major milestone towards developing a viable atmospheric low temperature H2/O2 fuel cell system. MEAs were showed good performances under various functions of the temperature and relative humidity. A maximum current density of 141 mA/cm2 was obtained at 35 °C with 30% relative humidity by using a PWA/P2O5/SiO2 (5/5/90 mol%) glass composite membrane and Pt/C (0.1 mg/cm2) electrode. Polarization curves were recorded and their results support the conclusions obtained from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).

Monalisa Ghosh, G Mohan Rao

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2018

Vertically aligned and tree-like nanostructures of carbon are grown by using plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) method using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma system. These nanostructures consist of a multiwalled carbon nanotube which is aligned perpendicular to the surface of the substrate with carbon films attached to it like “branches” of a tree giving the structure a tree like appearance. The thin film of these nanostructures is deposited in a ECR plasma system on a nickel seed layer with a microwave power of 500 W using acetylene and hydrogen gas in 2:1 ratios as the source gases, at a working pressure of 7x10 -4 mbar in presence of a negative substrate bias of 200 V 1 . As the material with its vertical alignment and tree-like morphology has a very high exposed surface area, this material was speculated to act as a high-performance electrode of electrochemical capacitors (EC) or supercapacitors. The unique three-dimensional morphology of the material gives a high surface area with less areal footprint of the material. The electrochemical performance of the material as electrode of EC has been studied by depositing the material of thickness 1 μm on circular stainless-steel substrates of diameter 12 mm (area 1.13 cm 2 ). 1 M Na 2 SO 4 solution in deionised water is used as the electrolyte for the EC with absorbed glass mat as the separator between the two nanostructured electrodes. The entire assembly is done inside Swagelok type cell for testing the electrochemical performance. The EC showed a specific capacity of 920 μF/cm 2 (9.2 mF/cc) at a scan rate 0.1 V/s which is higher than the reported values for vertically aligned carbon nanotube. 2–4 A rectangular cyclic voltammetry curve is observed even at a voltage of 1 V/s. The results indicate that this material is a promising candidate for electrode material of supercapacitor. References M. Ghosh and G. M. Rao, Carbon 133 , 239–248 (2018). B. Hsia, J. Marschewski, S. Wang, J Bin In, C. Carraro, D. Poulikakos, C. P. Grigoropoulos and R. Maboudian Nanotechnology , 25, 055401(9pp) (2014) T. Chen, H. Peng, M. Durstock, and L. Dai, Sci. Rep. , 4 , 1–7 (2014). C. L. Pint et al., Carbon N. Y. , 49 , 4890–4897 (2011) Figure 1

Hojin Choi, Hyeonseok Yoon

Nanomaterials • 2015

The advent of novel organic and inorganic nanomaterials in recent years, particularly nanostructured carbons, conducting polymers, and metal oxides, has enabled the fabrication of various energy devices with enhanced performance. In this paper, we review in detail different nanomaterials used in the fabrication of electrochemical capacitor electrodes and also give a brief overview of electric double-layer capacitors, pseudocapacitors, and hybrid capacitors. From a materials point of view, the latest trends in electrochemical capacitor research are also discussed through extensive analysis of the literature and by highlighting notable research examples (published mostly since 2013). Finally, a perspective on next-generation capacitor technology is also given, including the challenges that lie ahead.

Jianfeng LIU, Zhenhai Zhang

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2017

Carbon dioxide is known as the main greenhouse gas, which is enormous produced during human activities. The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide not only reduce the amount of CO 2 , also produce CO 2 to CO, the intermediate for the production of some chemical and fuels. However, the electrochemical reduction process for CO 2 is inhibited due to the lack of a suitable catalyst with high energy efficiency and high conversion rate. [1] The catalysts with the precious metal catalysts, such as Ag, Au, and Zn, Ni received high energy efficiency during carbon monoxide production. Some researchers utilize these metal catalysts for CO 2 reduction process, and received the corresponding results. [2] However, the cost of the precious metal is another urgent issue. In my prior work, the nitrogen-doped graphene is applied as a non-metal catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction process in aidic and alkaline media, finally exhibit high current density and mass activity. [3,4] In this work, we also heat treated carbon with the goal of doping nitrogen into carbon, and apply this nitrogen-doped carbon as catalyst for CO 2 electrochemical reduction process. The nitrogen-doped carbon catalyst exhibit higher current density and higher overpotential than the corresponding carbon, that is to say, the doped nitrogen atoms play an important role for the reduction process. [1] C. E.Tornow, M. R. Thorson, S.Ma, A. A. Gewirth, P. J. Kenis, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 134(48), 19520, (2012). [2] A. Salehikhojin, H. R. M. Jhong, B. A. Rosen, W. Zhu, S. Ma, P. J. A. Kenis, J.phys.chem.c, 117(4), 1627, (2017). [3] J. Liu, D. Takeshi, D. Orejon, K. Sasaki, S. M. Lyth, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, 161(4), F544, (2014). [4] J Liu, K Sasaki, SM Lyth, ECS Transactions 58 (1), 1751 (2013)

Fábio Rodrigo Freitas, Elki Cristina Souza

DESAFIOS - Revista Interdisciplinar da Universidade Federal do Tocantins • 2024

Concerns over environmental protection have increased in recent years, leading to a search for new renewable energy sources for minimizing anthropological damage to both atmosphere and water bodies. Microbial Fuel Cells are inserted in such a context, since they can reduce the organic load of an effluent concomitantly with the production of bioelectricity. This study investigated three different sources of microorganisms, evaluating parameters such as carbon source concentration and temperature in energy efficiency. The electrical current generated by microbial activity in the oxidation of organic matter was monitored additionally with ionic conductivity and pH of the medium. Chemical Oxygen Demand was also determined towards an evaluation of the removal of organic matter. The Microbial Fuel Cell inoculated with Activated Sludge showed higher electrical current in comparison to other studies from the literature and a greater generation of electrical current and a high influence of conductivity on that efficiency was observed at 36 °C. As a conclusion, Microbial Fuel Cells can operate at both 4.0 gL-1 (COD mgO2 3,886.728) and 3.0 gL-1 (COD mgO2 3,124.573).

Na Chu, Yong Jiang, Donglin Wang et al.

Angewandte Chemie International Edition • 2023

Extensive study on renewable energy storage has been sparked by the growing worries regarding global warming. In this study, incorporating the latest advancements in microbial electrochemistry and electrochemical CO2 reduction, a super-fast charging biohybrid battery was introduced by using pure formic acid as an energy carrier. CO2 electrolyser with a slim-catholyte layer and a solid electrolyte layer was built, which made it possible to use affordable anion exchange membranes and electrocatalysts that are readily accessible. The biohybrid battery only required a 3-minute charging to accomplish an astounding 25-hour discharging phase. In the power-to-formate-to-bioelectricity process, bioconversion played a vital role in restricting both the overall Faradaic efficiency and Energy efficiency.The CO2 electrolyser was able to operate continuously for an impressive total duration of 164 hours under Gas Stand-By model, by storing N2 gas in the extraction chamber during stand-by periods. Additionally, the electric signal generated during the discharging phase was utilized for monitoring water biotoxicity. Functional genes related to formate metabolism were identified in the bioanode and electrochemically active bacteria were discovered. On the other hand, Paracoccus was predominantly found in the used air cathode. These results advance our current knowledge of exploiting biohybrid technology.

Ida Munfarida, Shinfi Wazna Auvaria

International Journal of Environmental, Sustainability, and Social Science • 2024

The increasing global demand for renewable energy and sustainable waste management solutions has inspired interest in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) as a dual-purpose technology for bioelectricity generation and waste treatment. This study explores the role of EM4, a consortium of effective microorganisms, in enhancing the voltage output and electrical conductivity of solid waste-powered MFCs. A batch system bioreactor assessed the impact of varying organic waste-to-zeolite ratios on MFC performance. The results demonstrated that a 1:1 ratio of organic waste to zeolite produced the highest electrical conductivity (3160 µS/cm) and the most substantial voltage output (777.5 mV) by day three of the experiment. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests, revealed significant differences in voltage output across treatments, with a positive correlation between electrical conductivity and voltage production. These findings highlight the potential of integrating EM4 and conductive materials like zeolite to optimize bioelectricity generation in MFCs, contributing to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.

Y. Kim, Hyeonaug Hong, Jaehyoung Yun et al.

Advanced Materials • 2020

Harvesting solar energy in the form of electricity from the photosynthesis of plants, algal cells, and bacteria has been researched as the most environment‐friendly renewable energy technology in the last decade. The primary challenge has been the engineering of electrochemical interfacing with photosynthetic apparatuses, organelles, or whole cells. However, with the aid of low‐dimensional nanomaterials, there have been many advances, including enhanced photon absorption, increased generation of photosynthetic electrons (PEs), and more efficient transfer of PEs to electrodes. These advances have demonstrated the possibility for the technology to advance to a new level. In this article, the fundamentals of photosynthesis are introduced. How PE harvesting systems have improved concerning solar energy absorption, PE production, and PE collection by electrodes is discussed. The review focuses on how different kinds of nanomaterials are applied and function in interfacing with photosynthetic materials for enhanced PE harvesting. Finally, the review analyzes how the performance of PE harvesting and stand‐alone systems have evolved so far and its future prospects.