Journal of Chemistry: Education Research and Practice • 2022

High concentrations of heavy metals (Cadmium, Arsenic, Chromium, Lead, Mercury, Copper, Cobalt, Zinc, Nickel, and Selenium) in soil are threat to the ecosystem, human health, food safety, animal health. Heavy metal contaminants are increasing rapidly due to industrialization especially automobile industry. Previously, various techniques were developed and improved over time like encapsulation, surface capping, landfilling, soil washing, soil flushing, electro kinetic extraction, solidification, stabilization, phytoremediation, and bioremediation. These techniques minimize the contaminants by utilizing immobilization, containment and removal mechanisms. Bioremediation is a promising technique that utilizes the capability of plants and microbial resources for decontamination of ecosystem from heavy metal contaminants. Microbes have shown capability to utilize heavy metal remediation and assist plant tolerance for heavy metal accumulation. Earlier published studies have not yet completely evaluated proficiencies to large scale however, in the present review, critical analysis of reported techniques focusing on the bioremediation have been discussed. In depth analysis for the heavy metal remediation is of paramount importance of heavy metal contaminant emerging issue of soil pollution.

Thibault Fogeron, Yun Li, Marc Fontecave

Molecules • 2022

Formate dehydrogenases (FDH) reversibly catalyze the interconversion of CO2 to formate. They belong to the family of molybdenum and tungsten-dependent oxidoreductases. For several decades, scientists have been synthesizing structural and functional model complexes inspired by these enzymes. These studies not only allow for finding certain efficient catalysts but also in some cases to better understand the functioning of the enzymes. However, FDH models for catalytic CO2 reduction are less studied compared to the oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reaction. Herein, we present recent results of structural and functional models of FDH.

Yuzhou Zhao

Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology • 2024

Carbon dioxide is a significant byproduct from the usage of fossil fuels. Due to the rapid development of industry and the swift growth of urban populations, carbon dioxide has been accumulating in large quantities over the past decades. In terms of new energy research, carbon dioxide reduction has been given significant attention due to its non-toxic nature and the high utility of the products from its reduction. Electrochemical reduction, in particularly, has been highlighted for its notable benefits. This paper introduces the mechanism of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction, its current shortcomings, and methods of improvement, summarizing the recent deficiencies and advancements in electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction. The current belief is that refining the electrolytes like ionic liquids and using catalysts such as graphene and its derivatives can enhance the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. This paper looks forward to research findings that will discover better electrolytes and catalysts to address the current deficiencies in carbon dioxide reduction and hopes to promote the full potential of electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction in future new energy applications.

Seung Joo Lim, Tak-Hyun Kim

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2016

Introduction Since husbandry industry has intensively developed, a great amount of high-strength swine wastewater has been generated. Even though several investigators have developed various processes for the treatment of swine wastewater, it was continuously required to develop more stable process high-strength wastewater. The objective of this paper was to investigate simultaneous removal of organic matter and nutrient in swine wastewater using an ion-exchange membrane system. Materials and Methods The ion-exchange membrane system consisted of three chamber (A, B and C) was separated by a cationic exchange membrane and an anionic exchange membrane(Figure 1). Ammonium ion in swine wastewater was ion-exchanged between a chamber A and a chamber B via a CEM. The ammonium ion was biologically oxidized to nitrate in a chamber B and nitrate was transported via an AEM and denitrified in a chamber C. Organic matter in the influent was acidified in a chamber A and used as electron donor for denitrification in a chamber C. COD, ammonia and phosphate used in this study were 9080.4 mg/L, 1910.6 mg/L and 43.2 mg/L. Results and Discussion Maximum COD and ammonia removal efficiencies were 86.4% and 78.4%. Average COD and ammonia removal were 77.1% and 63.6% in Figure 2. When temperature sharply decreased to 13oC, the ammonia removal efficiency maintained about 42.0% due to the high ammonium flux (1.54 mg N/m2/sec) and MLVSS ratio (0.83) in Figure 2. As shown in Figure 3, the maximum phosphate removal efficiency was 91.0% (Ave.: 59.7%), and the phosphate removal was highly correlated with calcium consumption. This shows that phosphorus can be removed as a Ca3(PO4)2 or the coprecipitation of phosphate with calcite. Figure 1

Mohan Qin, Zhen He

Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology • 2017

This paper reviews previous studies, describes the current status, presents qualitative and quantitative analyses, and discusses perspectives of OsBES technology, focusing on NEW recovery from wastewater .

Jahanzeb Malik

European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine • 2021

Ticagrelor is a directly acting cyclopentyltriazolo-pyrimidine which does not require conversion into an active metabolite. It inhibits the P2Y12 receptors on platelets reversibly. Unlike clopidogrel and prasugrel, resistance to ticagrelor is rarely reported. Various mechanisms have been proposed for this resistance. The case of a 62-year-old man with diabetes who had undergone index percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 22 days previously is described. The patient presented to us with stent thrombosis. His primary PCI was successfully carried out with a drug-eluting stent. He showed resistance to ticagrelor on thromboelastography platelet mapping. He responded well to prasugrel (another P2Y12 inhibitor) in combination with aspirin.

Lea Bonasera

Journal of Resistance Studies • 2025

Existing literature on nonviolent resistance typically emphasizes the elements that contribute to a campaign’s success. Conversely, mechanisms leading to the failure of such nonviolent resistance campaigns in democratic countries have been underexplored. The research is largely limited to external mechanisms of failure, which will be briefly outlined, including missed political opportunities, hard and soft repression by states and media, as well as conflicting interactions with other campaigns. Accordingly, this article analyzes the internal mechanisms explaining nonviolent resistance failure. Data from three campaigns of the German climate movement, primarily gathered through autoethnography and participatory action research, are brought into a reflective conversation with the nonviolent resistance literature to develop a framework of internal failure mechanisms. This includes: 1) lacking resources; 2) fragile organizational structures; 3) weak support bases; 4) ineffective tactics; and 5) little strategy. By gaining a deeper understanding of the challenges that campaigns face and viewing these as opportunities for constructive failure, this may increase their chances of success.

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International Internal Medicine Journal • 2023

Background: Resistance to antimalarial drugs often used in emerging countries, including combination therapies, has forced scientists to search for and develop drugs with novel mechanisms of action, especially resistance to Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, which are highly prevalent in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America. Objective: evaluate whether there is a relationship between urinalysis and resistance to in-hospital treatment of malaria in Angola. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional, prospective study with a quantitative approach. Results: of the 214 patients, the resistance rate was 24.1%, men (53.6%), between 21 and 40 years old (72.7%), employees (46.4%), from peri-urban regions (77.7%), treated with artemether (90.9), with high parasitemia (57.7%) and after 5 days of treatment, remained hospitalized (61.4%). Was a significant relationship between resistance in unemployed individuals [OR: 0.03 (95% CI: 0.01-0.29), p =0.003] and high levels of parasitemia [OR: 1.09 (95% CI: 1.09-3.95), p=0.040], remained hospitalized for more than 5 days [OR: 5.28 (95% CI: 0.65-43.1), p=0.121] and death [OR: 2.59 (95% CI: 0.32-20.9), p=0.371] when compared with other subgroups. Was a significant relationship between resistance to clear urine [OR: 5.55 (95% CI: 0.72-42.7), p =0.016], few urinary crystals [OR: 11.3 (95% CI: 5.07-25.3), p <0.001] and who presented some microorganisms that were not bacteria or fungi [OR: 3.02 (95% CI: 1 .32-6.90), p=0.009]. Conclusion: urine results, especially the appearance of cloudy urine, the presence of few crystals, and the presence of other microorganisms that are not bacteria or fungi, may be clear signs of resistance to hospital treatment with injectable antimalarials

Jean-Michel Grenier, Ramón Pérez, Mathieu Picard et al.

Energies • 2021

Hybrid electric aero-propulsion requires high power-density electric motors. The use of a constrained optimization method with the finite element analysis (FEA) is the best way to design these motors and to find the best solutions which maximize the power density. This makes it possible to take into account all the details of the geometry as well as the non-linear characteristics of magnetic materials, the conductive material and the current control strategy. Simulations were performed with a time stepping magnetodynamic solver while taking account the rotor movement and the stator winding was connected by an external electrical circuit. This study describes the magnetic FEA direct optimization approach for the design of Halbach array permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and its advantages. An acceptable compromise between precision and computation time to estimate the electromagnetic torque, iron losses and eddy current losses was found. The finite element simulation was paired with analytical models to compute stress on the retaining sleeve, aerodynamic losses, and copper losses. This type of design procedure can be used to find the best machine configurations and establish design rules based on the specifications and materials selected. As an example, optimization results of PM motors minimizing total losses for a 150-kW application are presented for given speeds in the 2000 rpm to 50,000 rpm range. We compare different numbers of poles and power density between 5 kW/kg and 30 kW/kg. The choice of the number of poles is discussed in the function of the motor nominal speed and targeted power density as well as the compromise between iron losses and copper losses. In addition, the interest of having the current-control strategy as an optimization variable to generate a small amount of flux weakening is clearly shown.

Moogambigai Sugumar, Sangeetha Dharmalingam

Journal of Power Sources • 2020

Daniele Scirè, Gianpaolo Vitale, Marco Ventimiglia et al.

Energies • 2021

The exploitation of power inductors outside their linear region in switching converters can be achieved by raising the current until a decrease in the inductance can be noticed. This allows using a smaller magnetic core, increasing the power density of the converter. On the other hand, a detailed description of the magnetization curve including the temperature is required. Since this information is often not included in the inductor’s datasheets, this paper shows how to identify the behavior of an inductor when it is operated up to saturation and its temperature rises. In order to characterize the inductor in real operating conditions, a dedicated measurement rig was developed. It consists of a switching converter that encompasses the inductor under test and is controlled by a virtual instrument developed in LabVIEW. The characterization system was tested by retrieving the inductance and the magnetization curves vs. current for two commercial inductors at core temperatures up to 105 °C. The magnetic core was then characterized by the saturation current vs. inductance, obtaining an expression for the whole family of inductors sharing the same core. Finally, we experimentally analyzed the thermal transient of the inductors in operating conditions, confirming the fundamental role of the temperature in changing the current profiles and the core saturation condition.

Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues

Journal of The Electrochemical Society • 2022

Capacity and coulombic efficiency are often used to assess the performance of Li-ion batteries, under the assumption that these quantities can provide direct insights about the rate of electron consumption due to growth of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Here, we show that electrode properties can actually change the amount of information about aging that can be directly retrieved from capacity measurements. During cycling of full-cells, only portions of the voltage profiles of the positive and negative electrodes are accessible, leaving a reservoir of cyclable Li + stored at both electrodes. The size and availability of this reservoir depends on the shape of the voltage profiles, and accessing this extra Li + can offset some of the capacity that is consumed by the SEI. Consequently, capacity and efficiency measurements can, at times, severely underestimate the rate of side reactions experienced by the cell. We show, for example, that a same rate of SEI growth would cause faster capacity fade in LiFePO 4 than in NMC cells, and that the perceived effects of aging depend on testing variables such as depth of discharge. Simply measuring capacity may be insufficient to gauge the true extent of aging endured by Li-ion batteries.

Arpita Bose, Gratian Ting

Open Access Government • 2024

Microbial extracellular electron transfer in the human gastrointestinal tract Gratian Ting and Arpita Bose from Washington University in St. Louis discuss the fascinating role that extracellular electron transfer plays within the human gut. The human gut microbiome contains around hundreds of trillions of bacteria, and a great diversity of species. In fact, the number of bacteria in the human gut is similar in number to all the cells in the human body, further signifying the heterogeneity and significance of this microbiota. The habitat filtering of the human gut, defined as the non-random survival of microorganisms in relation to characteristics of the surrounding environment, is influenced by two important factors: host and diet. Disruption of normal host gut processes through various means, could cause cell death and dysbiosis, disrupting host-mediated habitat filtering. However, diet plays a far more common role in this process. Different dietary behaviors exist between individuals from cultural, moral, economic, and other means.

Arpita Bose, Aiden Wang

Open Access Government • 2024

Extracellular electron transfer explained Arpita Bose, PhD from Washington University in St. Louis, guides us through host-associated impacts and biotechnological applications of extracellular electron transfer in electrochemically active bacteria. Electron flow and oxidative and reductive reactions, referred to as “redox reactions,” collectively impact the outcomes of biochemical pathways essential for cell growth, energy conservation, and stress response throughout various organisms. An example of these organisms is electrochemically active bacteria (EAB), which can link internal redox reactions with external electron acceptors or donors via a process known as extracellular electron transfer (EET).

C. Pandit, B. S. Thapa, Bhagyashree Srivastava et al.

BioTech • 2022

Due to the continuous depletion of natural resources currently used for electricity generation, it is imperative to develop alternative energy sources. Human waste is nowadays being explored as an efficient source to produce bio-energy. Human waste is renewable and can be used as a source for an uninterrupted energy supply in bioelectricity or biofuel. Annually, human waste such as urine is produced in trillions of liters globally. Hence, utilizing the waste to produce bioenergy is bio-economically suitable and ecologically balanced. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) play a crucial role in providing an effective mode of bioelectricity production by implementing the role of transducers. MFCs convert organic matter into energy using bio-electro-oxidation of material to produce electricity. Over the years, MFCs have been explored prominently in various fields to find a backup for providing bioenergy and biofuel. MFCs involve the role of exoelectrogens which work as transducers to convert the material into electricity by catalyzing redox reactions. This review paper demonstrates how human waste is useful for producing electricity and how this innovation would be beneficial in the long term, considering the current scenario of increasing demand for the supply of products and shortages of natural resources used to produce biofuel and bioelectricity.

Yulviany Latuihamallo, Ferymon Mahulette, T. Watuguly

BIOEDUPAT: Pattimura Journal of Biology and Learning • 2023

Energy use is closely related to world economic growth and urbanization. Therefore, research was carried out by utilizing organic vegetable waste as a source of renewable energy. This study aims to determine variations in incubation time of vegetable waste that affect electricity production and to determine differences in bio-electricity production based on variations in incubation time of vegetable waste. The results of bioelectricity measurements in the Microbial Fuel Cell reactor, the maximum production of bioelectricity is found at the incubation period of 7 days, namely 9.48 mA at the 0th minute (initial), the maximum electric voltage is 288 mV at the 60th minute, the maximum power is 2205.50 mW in the 30th minute, and the maximum power density is 152.10 mW/m2 in the 30th minute.

S. Rojas-Flores, M. De La Cruz-Noriega, L. Cabanillas-Chirinos et al.

Fermentation • 2023

This research aimed to use kiwi waste as fuel to generate bioelectricity through microbial fuel cells. It was possible to generate an electrical current and voltage peaks of 3.807 ± 0.102 mA and 0.993 ± 0.061 V on day 11, showing an electrical conductivity of 189.82 ± 3.029 mS/cm and an optimum operating pH of 5.966 ± 0.121. The internal resistance of the cells was calculated using Ohm’s Law, resulting in a value of 14.957 ± 0.394 Ω, while the maximum power density was 212.68 ± 26.84 mW/m2 at a current density of 4.506 A/cm2. Through the analysis of the FTIR spectra carried out on the substrate, a decrease in the characteristic organic peaks was observed due to their decomposition during the electricity-generation process. In addition, it was possible to molecularly identify the bacteria Comamonas testosteroni, Sphingobacterium sp., and Stenotropho-monas maltophila adhered to the anodized biofilm. Finally, the capacity of this residue to generate bioelectricity was demonstrated by lighting an LED bulb with a voltage of 2.85 V.

F. B. Ilhami, Anis Rahma Cahyani, Desyana Auralia Azizah et al.

Bioelectricity • 2024

The ever-increasing annual consumption of electrical energy for daily activities will unavoidably harm the financial well-being of individuals. Nonetheless, the availability of fuel sources that generate electrical energy including fossil fuels, oil, and coal remains decreasing, which results in becoming scarcer than ever. Conversely, fruits are one of the strategies that shed light on renewable energy source alternatives, considering the increasing studies of developments of fruits as energy sources in the few past decades. In this study, we review the extensive body of literature on prospective and potential components of fruits that can produce renewable electrical energy sources. It focuses on a fundamental for a comprehensive understanding of types of fruits, the synthesis process, and the mechanisms governing that fruits can generate electrical energy sources. Furthermore, this study outlines the challenges, plausible solutions, and prospects of the potential fruits that are sources of renewable energy for simple electricity production.

R. J. Marassi, L. G. Queiroz, D. C. Silva et al.

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering • 2020

P. Opoku, Huang Jingyu, L. Yi et al.

Chemosphere • 2022

Ricardo O. Louro, Giovanni Rusconi, Bruno M. Fonseca et al.

Microorganisms • 2022

Multiheme cytochromes play a central role in extracellular electron transfer, a process that allows microorganisms to sustain their metabolism with external electron acceptors or donors. In Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, the decaheme cytochromes OmcA and MtrC show functional specificity for interaction with soluble and insoluble redox partners. In this work, the capacity of extracellular electron transfer by mutant variants of S. oneidensis MR-1 OmcA was investigated. The results show that amino acid mutations can affect protein stability and alter the redox properties of the protein, without affecting the ability to perform extracellular electron transfer to methyl orange dye or a poised electrode. The results also show that there is a good correlation between the reduction of the dye and the current generated at the electrode for most but not all mutants. This observation opens the door for investigations of the molecular mechanisms of interaction with different electron acceptors to tailor these surface exposed cytochromes towards specific bio-based applications.

Marina Ramírez-Moreno, Abraham Esteve Núñez, Juan M. Ortiz

SSRN Electronic Journal • 2022

Edson Baltazar Estrada-Arriaga, Erick O. Bahena-Bahena, Liliana García-Sánchez et al.

Desalination and Water Treatment • 2017

Soubhagya Nayak, Sudipa Bhadra, Surajbhan Sevda

Journal of Water Process Engineering • 2024

Xueling Wu, Yunhui Tang, Charles Amanze et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2024

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Microbial Cell Factories • 2019

Analysis pending

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Chemical Engineering Journal • 2020

COMSOL modeling study by Gadkari

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COMSOL modeling study by PintoShukla

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COMSOL modeling study by Yuvraj

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COMSOL modeling study by SouzaFinite

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COMSOL modeling study by WangFinite

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Transport in Porous Media • 2019

COMSOL modeling study by Wang

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

International Journal of Thermofluids • 2020

COMSOL modeling study by Shukla

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Materials • 2024

COMSOL modeling study by Oyetunde

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Sensors • 2017

COMSOL modeling study by Moran

Renata Toczyłowska-Mamińska, Mariusz Ł. Mamiński

Energies • 2023

The potato processing industry is among the biggest water-consuming industries, using an average of 17 L of water per 1 kg of processed product. Taking into account that the potato is the fourth-most-important non-cereal food crop with a global production of 376 million tons a year, this branch is a large wastewater producer. Potato-processing wastewater is highly loaded and thus difficult to treat through conventional methods, especially when a low energetic input for environmental benignancy is required. In this review, it was shown that microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are an excellent technology for sustainable potato wastewater treatment. MFCs allow for potato wastewater COD removal with efficiencies as high as 99%, which is accompanied by electricity production that may reach 3.7 W/m2. Thus, the recently published research reviewed in this paper indicates that simultaneous power production and removal of chemical oxygen demand make MFCs superior to conventional treatment methods. Encouraging results and the unique advantages of MFC technology, like significant water and energy use reduction, give a promising perspective on potato-processing wastewater treatments.

Imelia Dewi, Laksmi Ambarsari, Akhiruddin Maddu

Jurnal Kimia Sains dan Aplikasi • 2020

The world's energy needs generally come from non-renewable sources. In other circumstances, some research on renewable energy is being developed from a variety of different sources, one of which is biomass. Biomass changes the energy system towards the modernization of the bioenergy system by utilizing the concept of biochemical systems (BESs). A microbial fuel cell is known as one of the renewable technologies that convert biomass with the help of microbes to produce electricity. This research is based on a microbial fuel cell based on ecoenzyme Citrus reticulata known as Ecoenzyme fuel cell to determine the electrical value (voltage, current, and power density). Ecoenzyme was made from orange peel waste, molasses, and water with a ratio of 3: 1: 10 and fermented for a month. Meanwhile, the electrode device used was a pencil graphite. Some treatments were carried out to optimize the performance of the system based on the number of electrodes (one pair and three pairs), and the stirring conditions, stirring at 200 rpm and without stirring (0 rpm). The EFC system was run for four weeks (600 hours) with the highest voltage obtained at 650 mV and current at 29.55 mA. The ecoenzyme produced the most significant power density of 750 W/m2 in the treatment of 3 electrode pairs with a stirring speed of 200 rpm. The influence of electrodes and stirring in the MFC system upsurged the electrical value output by 53.7% for a pair of electrodes and 142% for three electrode pairs. Further development will continue to be done to improve the performance and output of the Ecoenzyme fuel cell system as a future renewable energy source in Indonesia.

P. Aelterman, K. Rabaey, P. Clauwaert et al.

Water Science and Technology • 2006

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are emerging as promising technology for the treatment of wastewaters. The potential energy conversion efficiencies are examined. The rates of energy recovery (W/m3 reactor) are reviewed and evaluated. Some recent data relating to potato-processing wastewaters and a hospital wastewater effluent are reported. Finally, a set of process configurations in which MFCs could be useful to treat wastewaters is schematized. Overall, the MFC technology still faces major challenges, particularly in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency.

Alexander Kott

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology • 2020

This paper explores the question of whether a single regularity of technological growth might apply to a broad range of technologies, over a period of multiple centuries. To this end, the paper investigates a collection of diverse weapon systems called here the mobile direct-fire systems. These include widely different families of technologies that span the period of 1300–2015 CE: foot soldiers armed with weapons from bows to assault rifles; horse-mounted soldiers with a variety of weapons; foot artillery and horse artillery; towed antitank guns; self-propelled antitank and assault guns; and tanks. The main contribution of this paper is that, indeed, a single, parsimonious regularity describes the historical growth of this extremely broad collection of systems. Multiple, widely different families of weapon systems—from a bowman to a tank—fall closely on the same curve, a simple function of time. This suggests a general model that unites allometric relations (such as Kleiber’s Law) and exponential growth relations (such as Moore’s Law). To this author’s knowledge, no prior research describes a regularity in the temporal growth of technology that covers such widely different technologies and over such a long period of history. This regularity is suitable for technology forecasting, as this paper illustrates with explorations of two systems that might appear 30 years in the future from this writing: a heavy infantryman and a tank. In both cases, the regularity helped lead to nonobvious conclusions, particularly regarding the power of the weapons of such future systems. Furthermore, this result suggests a possibility—and related research questions—that even broader collections of technology families might evolve historically in accordance with what might be called universal laws of technological evolution.

Iryna Rusyn, Oksana Fihurka, Vasyl Dyachok

Innovative Biosystems and Bioengineering • 2023

Background. Plant-microbial fuel cell (PMFC) is an innovative biotechnology for the environmentally safe bioelectricity generation. The widespread use of bioelectrical systems (biosystems) is hindered by their insufficient efficiency due to limiting knowings of the relationship between bioelectricity generation and features of their biotechnological components. Objective. Тhe purpose of this study was to analyze the role of the plants morphological parameters and structure features of biomodules on generation of bioelectricity. Methods. Biometric, biogravimetric, voltammetric, and statistical analysis methods were used to assess the relationship between plant`s accumulated mass of leaf and roots, multielectrode design of biosystem and bioelectricity generation. Results. PMFC based on sedge C. hirta with the largest accumulated total dry leaf/stem and root mass and also the rhizome-like and developed fibrous root system were characterized by the highest power output compared to other biosystems. The power density was 970 ± 22 mW m-2 PGA. The parallel stacking of biomodules leads to obtain current output about 108.7 mA. That is why the developed biotechnological systems can be recommended as a foundation for the development of power supply for WiFi microcontrollers that consume 100 mA or for charging batteries. Conclusions. Sedge С. hirta were appeared as the more suitable plants for biological component of biosystem of bioelectricity generation. Power density of С. hirta based PMFC exceeded the one of based on other plants in 9.3–37.9%.The type and level of development of the root system and of the above-ground photosynthetic surface of plant are an important prognostic factors of the PMFC perfomance. A 10-fold increase of the electrode surface of one biomodule results in 3.95 times increase of power density at 200 W. The multielectrodeity biomodule reveals as another lever for increasing the efficiency of biosystems which allows obtaining significantly increase power density and current density in the range of electrical resistance from 50 to 500 W.