[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Fermentation • 2026

Incorporating plant-based additives was a promising approach for modulating the microbial ecosystems of fermentation starters. This study investigated how adding Kuding tea (20% wt/wt) influenced the assembly and succession of fungal communities during Jiang-flavored Daqu production, compared to traditional wheat-based Daqu. Using amplicon sequencing of the ITS1 region and integrated measurements of endogenous factors, we analyzed community dynamics across a 40-day fermentation period. Results showed that tea addition significantly increased fungal diversity and altered succession trajectories. Community assembly shifted from stochastic towards deterministic processes, with homogeneous selection increasing from 0.47 in wheat-based Daqu to 0.62 in tea-added Daqu. Temporal species accumulation was stronger (STR exponent z: 0.565 vs. 0.436), while compositional turnover slowed (TDR slope w: −0.539 vs. −0.626). Random forest models revealed tea-specific fungal drivers and stronger correlations with endogenous factors (e.g., reducing sugar and moisture). We concluded that Kuding tea appears to function predominantly as an environmental filter that enhanced deterministic selection, stabilized community succession, and restructured the key microbial–physicochemical relationships, providing a potential strategy for steering Daqu fermentation.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) • 2026

Current prostate cancer detection methods remain limited in non-invasiveness and specificity, prompting interest in urinary biomarkers such as sarcosine. Here, we report a urine-powered wearable platform for non-invasive sarcosine detection as a proof-of-concept for decentralized early warning. Distinct from prior urine-powered sensors, this platform establishes a hybrid bio-electrochemical energy paradigm in which urine simultaneously functions as the analytical sample and an intrinsic energy reservoir. Specifically, sarcosine serves as the biofuel to drive an enzymatic fuel cell, while endogenous Zn 2 + ions in urine power a complementary aqueous battery component, enabling synergistic signal amplification and stable operation. This synergistic design enables strong signal amplification and operational stability, achieving a detection limit as low as 0.85 pM. Dual electrochemical and colorimetric readouts allow flexible result interpretation. A hybrid classification-regression model is implemented to identify high-concentration samples using a learned threshold, followed by range-specific regression to reduce dynamic-range interference and improve quantitative accuracy. The system is further integrated into a smart diaper format with wireless connectivity for on-demand smartphone-based analysis. Preliminary validation using human urine samples shows satisfactory analytical performance, with spike-and-recovery values ranging from 83.68% to 125.88%. This work provides a proof-of-concept demonstration of a sarcosine-centered, self-powered sensing strategy for non-invasive biomarker detection.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Nature Catalysis • 2026

Abstract Thermochemical redox catalysis is critical to a wide array of key chemical transformations and can proceed via the coupling of two electrochemical half-reactions. This electrochemical mechanism is exemplified by the platinum-catalysed aerobic oxidation of formic acid, wherein the oxygen reduction reaction is coupled to the formic acid oxidation reaction. Here using scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, we show there are grain-dependent variations in catalytic rates for the oxygen reduction and formic acid oxidation reactions at a platinum catalyst. Quantitative spatially resolved images of catalytic rates imply inter-grain cooperativity during ensemble thermochemical catalysis via lateral current flows that galvanically couple disparate active sites. Moreover, by comparing current–potential profiles of the half-reactions in isolation and in the presence of both reactants, we reveal additional site-specific chemical interactions that modify the two constituent half-reactions. These studies establish a methodology that exposes how electrochemical half-reactions couple and interact across surface structures to enable redox transformations.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Applied Sciences • 2026

Manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury (SCI) rely heavily on upper-limb function for independent mobility, which often leads to cumulative musculoskeletal loading due to repetitive propulsion. To address limitations associated with conventional unidirectional pushrim propulsion, this study presents the design and development of a detachable bidirectional wheelchair propulsion system that enables mode-dependent push and pull inputs through a mechanically reconfigurable lever mechanism. The proposed system allows conventional forward propulsion through forward pushing, while enabling alternative propulsion patterns through lever mode switching. Depending on the selected mode, either pushing or pulling inputs can be mechanically coupled to forward or backward wheel rotation, without requiring powered actuation or permanent modification of the wheelchair structure. This design expands the range of feasible propulsion strategies by allowing a selectable relationship between propulsion input direction and wheelchair movement direction through mechanical mode switching via a purely mechanical transmission architecture. The system is designed as a modular add-on compatible with standard manual wheelchairs, incorporating a clamp-based detachable interface and a gear-driven bidirectional transmission mechanism. Design considerations emphasize mechanical simplicity, controllability, and compatibility with existing wheelchair configurations, while preserving baseline pushrim functionality. This design-focused study reports the engineering rationale, mechanical architecture, and feasibility of a detachable bidirectional propulsion concept for manual wheelchairs. By explicitly documenting the system configuration and mode-switching logic, this work aims to provide a transparent design framework that can support future experimental validation and user-centered evaluation of bidirectional propulsion strategies for manual wheelchair users with SCI.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Children • 2026

Background/Objectives: The Gross Motor Function Classification System–Expanded Revised (GMFCS-E R) is widely used to describe gross motor performance in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Although Greek-language materials are available, interrater reliability across healthcare professionals and parents has not been examined. This study evaluated the reliability of the Greek GMFCS-E R among a pediatric neurologist, a pediatric physiotherapist, and parents, with an emphasis on descriptors and illustrations for older children and adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 111 children and adolescents with CP aged 2–18 years. Professionals classified each child using the Greek GMFCS-E R brochure (ages 2–6) or the descriptors and illustrations (ages 6–12 and 12–18). Parents completed the age-appropriate GMFCS Family Report Questionnaire. Agreement among the three raters was assessed using Fleiss’ kappa (κF), and pairwise agreement using weighted Cohen’s kappa (κCw), overall and by age band. Results: Overall interrater reliability was substantial (κF = 0.77). Agreement by GMFCS level ranged from κF = 0.68 (Level V) to κF = 0.85 (Level I). Reliability increased with age, reaching κF = 0.74–0.85 in adolescents. Pairwise agreement was excellent across all rater pairs, with near-perfect concordance between the pediatric neurologist and physiotherapist (κCw = 0.98). In 60% of disagreements, parents assigned higher levels, typically between adjacent categories. Conclusions: The Greek-language GMFCS-E R demonstrates high interrater reliability among healthcare professionals and parents, with excellent agreement when using descriptors and illustrations for older children and adolescents. The GMFCS-FR effectively incorporates parental perspectives and complements clinical assessment, supporting the use of the Greek GMFCS-E R in routine clinical practice and research settings.

[object Object], [object Object]

Research Square • 2026

Abstract Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security for future communication networks by exploiting the fundamental principles of quantum mechanics. However, satellite-to-ground QKD links suffer significant performance degradation due to atmospheric turbulence, absorption, scattering, and satellite-induced pointing errors. This paper investigates the BB84 QKD protocol over a Free-Space Optical (FSO) channel modeled using the Gamma–Gamma distribution, which accurately captures both small-scale and large-scale atmospheric irradiance fluctuations. Closed-form and numerical results for outage probability and Quantum Bit Error Rate (QBER) are presented under weak, moderate, and strong turbulence regimes. The Secure Key Rate (SKR) is analyzed as a function of link distance under clear and foggy weather conditions. Additionally, the impact of satellite vibration is evaluated using a jitter-dependent pointing error model, demonstrating that misalignment significantly reduces link reliability. Simulation results show that strong turbulence conditions introduce more than 15 dB SNR penalty compared to clear-sky operation, while haze conditions limit QKD range to under 8–10 km. These findings provide practical performance benchmarks for Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) quantum downlinks in realistic atmospheric environments. The results provide practical insights for electronic receiver design and system implementation of satellite quantum communication links.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

PESOLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Humaniora • 2026

The development of Indonesia’s constitutional system after the reform era has been marked by the establishment of various independent state institutions aimed at strengthening the rule of law and democracy; however, their existence has generated problems concerning oversight in balancing independence and accountability. This study aims to analyze the oversight mechanisms of independent state institutions within Indonesia’s constitutional system and to identify normative and structural challenges arising in practice. The research employs a normative legal method using statutory and conceptual approaches through library research on primary and secondary legal materials, analyzed qualitatively with a deductive method. The findings indicate that oversight of independent state institutions is conducted through internal and external mechanisms, including legislative, executive, judicial supervision, and public participation. Nevertheless, such oversight still faces issues of unclear authority boundaries, potential political intervention, and an underdeveloped legal framework, thus requiring a proportional and constitutional oversight model to ensure both independence and accountability.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences • 2026

This study investigated the mechanisms by which ZEA induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in the jejunum of piglets and explored the roles of the tumor suppressor gene p53 and nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways. Twelve weaned piglets were randomized into Control (basal diet) and ZEA groups (basal diet + 1.0 mg/kg ZEA; 6 piglets/group). No differences were observed between the control and ZEA groups for all production performance indicators. Compared with the jejunum of the control group, the ZEA group exhibited reduced levels of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase activity, and total antioxidant capacity, along with elevated malondialdehyde content. Morphological examination revealed increased crypt depth and decreased villus height and villus-to-crypt ratio, as well as swollen, vacuolated spherical mitochondria with disrupted cristae. Immunohistochemistry showed enhanced p53 and Nrf2 immunoreactivity. The relative mRNA levels of Nrf2, Ho1, Gpx1, Cytc1, p53, Caspase1, and Bax increased. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased, and Keap1 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels decreased. The relative protein levels of Nrf2, p53, Bax, Caspase1, and Gpx1 increased, whereas that of Bcl-2 decreased. All differences were significant at p 0.05. Dietary supplementation with ZEA altered the morphological structure of intestinal tissues and mitochondria. By affecting the expression of genes related to the p53 and Nrf2 signaling pathways, it induces intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis, thereby impairing intestinal health in weaned piglets.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

Energies • 2026

Small-scale biogas plants in developing countries present a viable alternative to traditional polluting energy sources, particularly in rural and underserved communities. These systems typically rely on locally sourced livestock manure; however, inconsistent supply often results in underfeeding, reduced biogas production, and, in many cases, system abandonment. Co-digestion with crop residues presents a promising strategy to enhance feedstock availability and system resilience. However, the recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass and limited access to suitable pretreatment technologies have constrained its adoption. This paper evaluates feasible pretreatment methods for integrating crop residues, especially straw, into small-scale biogas systems. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), pretreatment methods are assessed based on five criteria: (i) technology simplicity, (ii) energy requirements, (iii) capital and operational costs, (iv) effectiveness, and (v) environmental impact. The analysis identifies microbial pretreatment using the liquid fraction of digestate, combined with mechanical size reduction, as the most suitable approach for small-scale implementation, utilizing low-cost, simplified mechanical devices adaptable to various crop residues with minimal energy input. A conceptual design of a demonstration plant is proposed to validate this integrated pretreatment approach and assess its impact on biogas yield, system performance, and technology adoption. The design incorporates an on-site digestate separation unit to supply microbial inoculum and emphasizes simplicity and cost-effectiveness in material handling and energy use. Pilot trials are proposed to evaluate key performance indicators, including specific methane yield (LCH4/gVS added), volatile solids reduction (%), and methane content increase (%), ensuring evidence-based adoption and practical applicability of the design.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Microbiome • 2026

Abstract Background Stress experienced by newly received cattle is a significant challenge in the beef industry, frequently resulting in weakened immune responses and impaired growth. The rumen microbiota is essential to host health, and its imbalance can exacerbate stress. This study investigates the mechanisms by which creatine pyruvate (CrPyr) mitigates stress in newly received cattle through multi-omics approaches, including metagenomics, metabolomics, in vitro and in vivo experiments, and rumen microbiota transplantation (RMT) in mice. Results Our results revealed that CrPyr significantly reduces stress-related hormones (cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone) and inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α), and enhanced antioxidant capacity (SOD: 57.38 versus 46.93 U/mL, P    0.05; GSH-Px: 305.87 versus 217.07 U/mL, P    0.05; T-AOC: 9.62 versus 7.66 U/mL, P    0.05). Metagenomic analysis demonstrated that CrPyr increased Prevotella abundance, a key rumen bacterium involved in volatile fatty acid (VFA) production, and enriches metabolic pathways associated with energy metabolism (ATP synthesis, and pyruvate metabolism) and antioxidant defense (glutathione metabolism, FC = 1.08, P    0.05). In vitro and in vivo experiments, as well as RMT studies in mice, further validate these findings, demonstrating that CrPyr promote VFA synthesis and increased ATP production through the electron transport phosphorylation pathway. Conclusions CrPyr modulates the abundance of ruminal Prevotella in transport-stressed cattle to enhance glutathione and VFA metabolism and to accelerate ATP and nucleotide synthesis, thereby alleviating stress in newly received cattle. This multimodal approach established CrPyr as an effective nutritional intervention that improves rumen function and increases livestock productivity.

[object Object]

Izvestia of the Ural federal university. Series 2. Humanities and Arts • 2026

This article studies the functioning of the Construction Chancellery (Chancellery of City Affairs), the most important urban planning institution in the Russian Empire in the early eighteenth century. The significance of this topic lies in the need to expand our understanding of the Construction Chancellery’s role within the ruling system of St Petersburg province. Additionally, it is crucial to examine the mechanisms through which the political elite fostered social ties during the process of state-building. In this article, the author presents and analyses the materials of the investigative process that took place in 1722–1726 between Captain I. S. Almazov and U. A. Senyavin, the director (chief commissar) of the Construction Chancellery, which has never been done previously either in Russian or international scholarship. The source material has been meticulously stored in the Senate Fund (No. 248) of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (RGADA, Moscow). This comprehensive collection provides insights into the intricate relationship between the two pivotal leaders of the urban planning department. Additionally, it sheds light on the major challenges encountered during the execution of Peter I’s ambitious construction projects, which significantly contributed to the state reform process. During the analysis of the materials from the judicial investigation process, which went through three instances over five years (the Admiralty Collegium prosecutor I. F. Kozlov, the Supreme Court, and the Senate), as well as the paperwork from the Construction Chancellery and personal funds of state officials, the author established that the conflict between I. S. Almazov and U. A. Senyavin was caused not so much by the latter’s incredible abuses as by the personal ambitions of the parties and the global problems of the system of government created by Peter I. Statesmen encountered numerous challenges, which proved to be beyond their individual capacities. The construction of a magnificent city and opulent royal palaces represented an immense undertaking for Peter’s administration and the nation’s population.

[object Object]

A Mini Review on Stage-Specific Autophagy Dynamics and Immune Regulation in the Reproductive System • 2026

Autophagy is a conserved intracellular degradation mechanism critical for cellular homeostasis, differentiation, and adaptation to stress. Within the reproductive system, autophagy plays a dynamic, stage-specific role in gametogenesis, implantation, placentation, and parturition, aligning cellular metabolism and immune regulation to reproductive demands. Dysregulation of autophagic pathways contributes to reproductive pathology, including infertility, pre-eclampsia, and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), underscoring its significance in reproductive health. This review aims to synthesise current understanding of stage-specific autophagy regulation in reproductive tissues, with a focus on its intersection with immune dynamics at the maternal–foetal interface. It highlights mechanistic pathways, immune cell modulation, and pathological outcomes associated with altered autophagy. Data were drawn from recent peer-reviewed publications indexed in PubMed, Frontiers, and ScienceDirect, focusing on studies published between 2018 and 2025 that investigated autophagyrelated gene expression, signalling pathways, and immune modulation in reproductive tissues. Comparative analyses integrated molecular, cellular, and physiological findings across mammalian models and human studies. Autophagy acts as an integrative regulatory mechanism bridging cellular metabolism and immune adaptation in the reproductive system. Understanding its temporal and spatial regulation provides essential insight into fertility, pregnancy maintenance, and the pathogenesis of gestational disorders. Future research should explore therapeutic strategies that target autophagy to restore immune homeostasis and improve reproductive outcomes.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object]

National Interests Priorities and Security • 2026

Subject. This article discusses sustainable and safe development of the region's socio-economic system based on a cognitive approach. Objectives. The article aims to evaluate the appropriateness of applying the cognitive approach for researching and making decisions on the sustainable development of the regional socio-economic system. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of systems analysis and cognitive modeling. Results. The article presents a mechanism of the regional economic system functioning, and carries out a cognitive (impulse) modeling of the Republic of Dagestan socio-economic system. It also shows an instrumental method for scenario modeling of various cognitive structures. Conclusions. The application of the proposed method allows to construct a model of the socio-economic mechanism of the region based on the expert and statistical data on the Republic of Dagestan. An increase in industrial production can help achieve positive changes in the regional economy.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Європейський науковий журнал Економічних та Фінансових інновацій • 2026

The article examines marketing logistics as an integrated management system within transport enterprises, emphasizing its role in creating sustainable competitive advantages through the effective management of flows and delivery of services that preserve consumer value. In modern economic conditions, traditional isolated application of marketing and logistics tools often fails to ensure the achievement of strategic objectives, particularly under circumstances of high uncertainty, resource limitations, and disruptions in supply chains, such as those experienced during martial law. Marketing logistics emerges as an integrative mechanism that combines market-oriented approaches with process- and flow-oriented logistics, aligning demand generation with the enterprise’s operational capabilities. A critical review of domestic and international literature reveals a lack of unified conceptual understanding of marketing logistics. Foreign studies tend to interpret it from a logistics perspective, emphasizing operational efficiency and physical distribution, while domestic research increasingly views it as a comprehensive, integrative system that coordinates marketing and logistics decisions to achieve long-term competitive advantages. The article classifies approaches to marketing logistics into three groups: functional-distributional, integration-oriented, and value-oriented (synthetic), reflecting its evolution from a narrowly operational function to a strategic management concept. The study offers a conceptual generalization of marketing logistics as an integrated management system under conditions of high uncertainty. The study identifies key objectives and tactical tasks of marketing logistics, including ensuring full and timely satisfaction of consumer demand, optimizing logistics costs, maintaining service quality, enhancing resilience, and supporting sustainable development and digital transformation. The article further delineates the core functions of marketing logistics — analytical, planning, organizational, coordination, control, and value-oriented — demonstrating their integrative nature in harmonizing marketing and logistics processes. Comparative analysis highlights that marketing logistics not only delivers physical products but also generates additional value for the consumer by balancing service levels with operational efficiency. The findings underscore the relevance of marketing logistics as a holistic management tool for transport enterprises operating in dynamic and uncertain environments. Prospects for further research include the development of digital, data-driven, and adaptive approaches to enhance efficiency, resilience, and sustainability in marketing logistics processes.

[object Object]

International Journal of Science and Research Archive • 2026

Infertility is emerging as a significant but under-recognized public health challenge in many developing countries, with profound demographic, psychosocial, and economic consequences. Cameroon provides a compelling case study for examining the multifactorial drivers of rising infertility across sub-Saharan Africa. This paper synthesizes epidemiological evidence to analyze infectious, health-system, environmental, and socioeconomic determinants shaping infertility patterns. Persistent reproductive tract infections including untreated sexually transmitted infections, post-abortal sepsis, and puerperal infections remain leading contributors to tubal factor infertility. Weak health-system capacity, limited access to skilled obstetric and gynecological care, inadequate laboratory diagnostics, and fragmented referral pathways exacerbate delayed diagnosis and treatment. Environmental exposures, including pesticide use, heavy metals, and endocrine-disrupting chemicals associated with rapid urbanization and informal industrial activity, further compound reproductive risks for both men and women. Socioeconomic pressures poverty, gender inequities, stigma, and limited insurance coverage for fertility services intensify barriers to timely intervention and amplify psychosocial distress. The Cameroon case illustrates how infectious burden interacts with structural and environmental vulnerabilities, producing a cumulative risk framework rather than isolated causes. Addressing infertility in similar contexts requires integrated strategies encompassing infection prevention, strengthened reproductive health systems, environmental regulation, male reproductive health inclusion, and financial protection mechanisms. Recognizing infertility as a cross-sectoral development issue is essential for advancing reproductive justice and sustainable population health outcomes in resource-constrained settings.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

As a promising platform for microbially catalyzed carbon capture, microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is constrained by inoculation strategies that limit carbon fixation efficiency and scalability. Mixed-culture inocula outperform pure cultures in functional redundancy and ecological resilience in large systems, but slow acclimation and erratic community composition yield inconsistent performance. Here, this study present a pressurized pre-autotrophic (PA) strategy that rapidly enriches carbon-fixing microorganisms (CFMs) from anaerobic sludge, in comparison with direct autotrophic (DA) and electrode reversal (ER) strategies. PA increased CFM abundance to 51%, 3.5-fold higher than in DA-MES and ER-MES (both 15%). Acetate production in PA-MES reached 14.47 g·m -2 ·d -1 . In addition to enhanced acetate productivity, PA-MES exhibited superior electrochemical performance, achieving the highest Faradaic efficiency for acetate and energy efficiency among the tested systems, together with the lowest energy consumption per unit acetate. Metagenomic analysis revealed a PA-defined core community with coordinated activation of the Wood-Ljungdahl, rTCA, and methanogenic pathways, providing redundant routes for stable CO 2 fixation. By transforming mixed-culture inocula into a functionally cohesive carbon-fixing community, the PA strategy enables rapid startup and sustained carbon fixation, offering a practical framework for scalable MES.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Environmental Science • 2026

Atrazine and quinclorac are commonly used herbicides in flue-cured tobacco preceding crops in Southwest China. Their residues often damage subsequent tobacco crops, seriously affecting their normal growth and development. Soil remediation could directly or indirectly regulate the degradation of herbicides by affecting soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial community activity. In this study, we analyzed the degradation characteristics of two high-risk herbicides in local tobacco soil and their effects on tobacco growth and development through a field trial in Bijie Guizhou, Southwest China. We applied three different soil remediations (biochar, quicklime, and shell powder) at the same dosage of 1.5 t/ha. The results show:the growth potential of tobacco in the biochar treatment was the best, with the degradation rate of atrazine reaching 90.22% and that of quinclorac reaching 69.10%. All remediations improved the structure and diversity of the soil bacterial community. The biochar treatment significantly enhanced the regulatory and restoration capacity of the soil microbial environment. Moreover, both biochar and lime have positive effects on improving the soil microbial environment of tobacco fields contaminated by herbicides, providing theoretical and practical guidance for controlling herbicide residues, enhancing tobacco quality and safety, and achieving sustainable production in tobacco fields.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Cell Death & Disease • 2026

Abstract Ubiquitination serves a critical role in regulating both inflammatory responses and kidney injury. Among inherited renal disorders, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) has demonstrated associations with disrupted ubiquitin signaling that exacerbates inflammation and cyst progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the E3 ligase Pellino1 (Peli1) acts as an essential contributor to the pathogenesis of ADPKD amid inflammatory conditions. In individuals with clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), Peli1 exhibits markedly elevated expression, and this upregulation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Additionally, we find that various TLR stimulations in renal tubular cells induce increased Peli1 expression, which is also elevated in samples from ADPKD patients. Using doxycycline-inducible Peli1-transgenic mice, we establish that Peli1 overexpression leads to impaired renal function and facilitates cyst formation. On a mechanistic level, elevated Peli1 promotes cystic epithelial cell proliferation by activating mTOR signaling, accomplished through the stabilization of S6K1. In summary, our data indicate that TLR-driven upregulation of Peli1 facilitates renal cyst growth via S6K1 stabilization. These results reveal a novel mechanistic link between PKD and ccRCC.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) have advantages in treating sulfate-containing wastewater, but challenges such as prolonged reactor start-up cycles have limited their development. By comparing the effects of different microbial sources on MEC performance, we found that inoculating the biocathode with enriched bacterial solutions significantly shortened the start-up time (15-20 d), while achieving the highest sulfate reduction efficiency of 70.2 ± 2.3%. Electrochemical analysis indicated that the integrated area of the cyclic voltammetry curve in this group was 1.0-1.2 times higher than in the other groups, and a significant increase in extracellular polymer secretion was observed. Microbial community showed that norank_f_Synergistaceae was dominant (21.9%). Functional gene prediction analyses further support the relative predominance of genes associated with biofilm formation and dissimilatory sulfate reduction. These findings indicate that highly active enriched bacteria can significantly enhance the sulfate wastewater treatment efficiency of MECs by strengthening biofilm formation mechanisms.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Bioresource technology • 2026

Lignocellulosic biomass is a promising feedstock for sustainable biohydrogen production; however, its application is limited by its low degradability and poor energy conversion efficiency. This study investigated whether integrating Dark Fermentation (DF) with a Microbial Electrolysis Cell (MEC), combined with effective pretreatment, can enhance biohydrogen recovery from sugarcane bagasse dust (SBD). Alkali and ultrasound pretreatment were employed to improve substrate digestibility, with structural changes confirmed by XRD and FTIR analysis. Pretreated bagasse produced 3.4 L/L (0.00608 mol H 2 /g of dry substrate) of biohydrogen during DF, which was significantly higher than that produced by untreated substrate. The DF effluent was subsequently utilized in the MEC, where a maximum hydrogen yield of 0.9 L/L was achieved at an applied voltage of + 0.7 V. Enhanced biofilm formation under optimized anodic conditions in MEC was confirmed using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM). The integrated DF-MEC system achieved 21% energy recovery, outperforming the single-stage DF (12.4%), thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the combined approach.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research • 2026

Background: Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) is a major global commodity, with Indonesia ranking among the top producers. However, cocoa pod husks which account for about 73% of the fruit mass-remain largely underutilized, creating significant agricultural waste and environmental concerns. These husks are rich in nutrients and lignocellulosic compounds, making them suitable for conversion into compost. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma harzianum, Pleurotus ostreatus and a microbial consortium (Mikrobat) as bio-decomposers for enhancing the composting of cocoa pod husks and to assess their impact on compost physicochemical quality and lignocellulose degradation. Methods: The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with seven treatments (single and combined inoculations) and three replications, resulting in 63 experimental units. Composting parameters observed included temperature dynamics, mycelial growth, color, texture, odor, weight loss, nutrient content (C-organic, N, P, K) and lignocellulolytic composition (NDF, ADF, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin). Result: The results showed that microbial treatments significantly accelerated the composting process, as indicated by elevated early-phase temperatures, rapid mycelial colonization and improved physical maturity (darker color, finer texture). The combination of T. harzianum and Mikrobat yielded the highest C-organic (17.90%), total N (1.01%) and K (0.82%) contents with an optimal C/N ratio (~18), while the triple combination produced the highest P (1.08%). Lignocellulolytic analysis revealed that T. harzianum + P. ostreatus effectively reduced fiber and lignin contents, whereas T. harzianum + Mikrobat promoted the transformation of lignin into stable humic compounds.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biomass • 2026

In laboratory installations, wastewater from the distillery industry (ethanol stillage and vinasse) is treated via a two-stage combination of microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) and biomethanation, assisted by bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). In the first stage, a sulfidogenic bioreactor with an integrated microbial fuel cell (MFC) is used, which partially oxidizes the produced H2S and facilitates the conversion of organic compounds. Sulfate removal reaches 95.4% (stillage) and 92.8% (vinasse), with corresponding COD reductions of 30.6% and 36.5%, respectively. The polarization curves, power density, generated current, and coulombic efficiency are analyzed. The sulfidogenic bioreactor consortium is dominated by Deltaproteobacteria, which contributes to acetate accumulation during the MSR stage. Methanogens are dominated by the genus Methanofolis. In the second stage of anaerobic digestion, three treatment options are investigated: direct biomethanation, biomethanation after preliminary MSR, and biomethanation after MSR with a microbial electrolysis cell (AD-MEC). The highest COD conversion rates are achieved in the AD-MEC variants: 91.36% for ethanol stillage and 92.8% for vinasse. Microbial communities are dominated by acetoclastic methanogens of the genus Methanothrix. For stillage treated after MSR, biogas production is nearly double that from direct methanation. For vinasse, the largest amount of biogas is generated during by the integrated MEC system, followed direct methanation. Methane content is the highest in methanation after MSR in AD-MEC (93.4–93.6%).

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Journal of Cell Science • 2026

The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The transcriptional repressor Capicua (Cic) has emerged as a key target for ERK-mediated downregulation in Drosophila and mammals, and mutations in human CIC result in cancer and neurological diseases. Phosphorylation by ERK is critical for Cic downregulation, but the identities of phosphosites in Drosophila Cic are unknown. Here, we identify sites of phosphorylation in Cic that are directly targeted by ERK and validate their developmental functions in vivo using mutant Cic variants. Cic phosphosites are distributed throughout the length of the protein. Cic mutated in 20 high-confidence sites is resistant to proteasomal degradation and behaves as a “super-repressor” in vivo that is largely insensitive to ERK-mediated downregulation. No single site is sufficient to turn off Cic activity; instead, we find that ERK must phosphorylate multiple sites in Cic simultaneously to achieve full downregulation. This multisite phosphorylation likely involves phosphodegrons that are recognized by ubiquitin ligases such as Ago/FBXW7, contributing to Cic degradation. This study advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of signal interpretation downstream of the RTK/ERK signaling network.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology • 2026

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SCM) is a severe, mortality-increasing sepsis complication, with copper homeostasis imbalance as a key pathogenic factor. Copper (Cu) plays a dual role: as an essential enzyme cofactor, it regulates vital processes including energy metabolism and redox balance; however, both excess and deficiency disrupt cellular homeostasis and induce cardiomyocyte injury. This review summarizes core pathophysiological mechanisms linking copper homeostasis imbalance to SCM, including abnormal copper metabolism (dysregulated uptake/transport/excretion), lipid metabolism disorders, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and various regulated cell death (RCD) forms (cuproptosis, apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, necrosis). We also elaborate potential therapeutic strategies targeting copper homeostasis, including copper chelators, copper transport inhibitors, copper-mediated RCD modulators, multi-target natural products, nanopreparations, and latest advances in copper-based myocardial injury therapy. Finally, we address current research limitations and outline future directions, such as exploring copper-related cell death markers, clarifying underexplored copper signaling in SCM, and developing innovative precision therapies. This review offers a comprehensive theoretical foundation for further investigating copper homeostasis in SCM and developing novel therapies.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Cells • 2026

Skeletal muscle regeneration declines with age despite the persistence of satellite cells (muscle stem cells, MuSCs), suggesting that regenerative impairment reflects functional dysregulation rather than MuSC depletion. Increasing evidence identifies early MuSC activation during the immediate post-injury period as a stress-sensitive, rate-limiting transition that is particularly vulnerable in aged muscle. Aged MuSCs exhibit elevated stress responses and reduced membrane remodeling capacity, accompanied by weakened activation-associated transcriptional induction. In contrast, proliferative and differentiation programs remain largely intact once activation is successfully initiated. These findings underscore that impaired coordination during early activation contributes to long-term regenerative decline in aging. Within this framework, MG53 (tripartite motif–containing protein 72, TRIM72), a muscle-enriched TRIM family E3 ubiquitin ligase originally identified as a mediator of sarcolemmal membrane repair, may also function as a stress-responsive regulator that stabilizes the early activation environment. Rather than directly determining cell fate, MG53 is proposed to facilitate activation by mitigating stress-associated membrane disruption and maintaining programmatic coordination under age-related physiological constraints. Most mechanistic evidence derives from rodent models, and direct validation in human aging muscle remains limited. These observations suggest that targeting early activation, rather than simply increasing proliferation, may better preserve regenerative capacity in aging skeletal muscle.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Biotech Studies • 2026

In this study, the removal of arsenate, an important environmental pollutant found in wastewater, and simultaneous electricity generation were investigated using microbial fuel cells. Single-chamber air cathode microbial fuel cells were used to examine the effects of synthetic wastewater prepared using sodium arsenate at a concentration range of 0-300 mg/L on electricity production. Arsenate removal percentages were investigated, and changes in microbial ecology were also examined. According to the results, 0.179 V electricity was produced in microbial fuel cells up to 200 mg/L sodium arsenate concentration. However, when the concentration was increased to 300 mg/L, the voltage production decreased significantly (p = 0.005). A significant difference (p lt; 0.0001) between lower concentrations (0–15 mg/L) and 300 mg/L arsenate was confirmed by one-way ANOVA analysis, suggesting a strong inhibitory response. 11.5% of sodium arsenate was removed from synthetic wastewater during batch operations. The microbial ecology results indicated that Geobacter, Azospirillum, and Xanthobacter genera significantly increased following arsenate treatment. In conclusion, arsenate-contaminated wastewater can be biologically treated with single-chamber microbial fuel cells, and electricity can be produced simultaneously.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a unique enterovirus resembling human rhinoviruses, was long considered to cause only sporadic outbreaks of mild, self-limiting respiratory infections mainly in children. However, over the past decade, EV-D68 has exhibited a biennial outbreak pattern across multiple regions worldwide, coinciding with an increased incidence of severe respiratory illnesses and cases of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children. The immune system plays a crucial role in providing rapid and effective defense. Nonetheless, our knowledge of the complex interactions between EV-D68 and the host immune responses is still very limited. Additionally, clinical detection of EV-D68 remains challenging, and there are no FDA-approved vaccines or antiviral treatments available. Therefore, ongoing research should focus on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of EV-D68, as well as the development of reliable diagnostic methods and therapeutic options to control EV-D68 spread. This review intends to examine the initiatives undertaken for clinical surveillance of EV-D68 outbreaks, the immune responses elicited by EV-D68, and its strategies for immune evasion. Additionally, it explores recent advancements in antiviral drug development, thereby providing a comprehensive overview of current knowledge and identifying prospective directions for future research.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Micromachines • 2026

Using disposable screen-printed electrodes faces major challenges when attempting to monitor a continuous process, especially in systems where there is pronounced adsorption, fouling, degradation, or in cases of irreversible electrochemical reactions. Methylene Blue (MB) exhibits some therapeutic properties and is commonly used as a redox reporter in DNA sensors, but is also considered a toxic pollutant in aquatic systems. MB demonstrates strong adsorption to carbon materials, which prevents its electroanalytical determination in multiple measurements with a single electrode. Our work details direct electrochemical determination of MB with only the native carbon screen-printed working electrode as sensing material and optimization of the analytical method. In batch mode, we significantly improved sensitivity and interelectrode reproducibility by introducing a prepolarization step, but successive measurements in lower concentrations were not feasible due to strong adsorption. A fully customizable, modular flow cell was 3D printed to allow in operando replacement of the planar screen-printed three-electrode system after measurement during continuous flow. As confirmed by mechanical properties testing, the rigid polyacrylate upper section of the flow cell provides structural stability, combined with a flexible TPU lower section which enables effortless sensor hot swapping and effective sealing during flow. With an optimized hot swapping flow detection method, MB was detected via square wave voltammetry with a sensitivity of 65.59 µA/µM and a calculated LOD of 7.75 nM, which outperforms similar systems from the literature. We envisage this approach can be integrated into low-cost continuous environmental monitoring systems or in-line quality control, especially in flow chemistry synthesis.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Immunology • 2026

Introduction Sjögren’s disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent rheumatic disease and is characterized by autoimmune pathology targeting the tear-producing lacrimal glands, leading to chronic ocular surface disease. Despite important advances, lacrimal gland pathology in SjD remains incompletely understood, limiting both diagnosis and treatment. Methods In this exploratory study, we used spatial transcriptomics to profile lacrimal glands from wild-type (C57Bl/6) mice and thrombospondin-1-deficient (TSP-1 - / - ) mice, a spontaneous model of SjD, to identify molecular signatures associated with the functional loss of major epithelial cell subtypes—acinar, ductal, and myoepithelial cells. Results Our analyses revealed gene expression patterns consistent with endoplasmic reticulum stress in acinar cells, mitochondrial dysfunction in ductal epithelial cells, secretory dysfunction in both acinar and ductal epithelial cells, and contractile impairment with profibrotic remodeling in myoepithelial cells in SjD lacrimal glands, highlighting potential early mechanisms and markers of glandular damage. Furthermore, in acinar epithelial cells, a significantly reduced expression of Pigr, which encodes the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor required for the transcytotic delivery of protective secretory IgA into tear fluid, correlated with reduced tear secretory IgA levels in SjD mice, consistent with their observed ocular surface disease. Discussion This finding supports the potential use of tear sIgA as a quantifiable biomarker of glandular dysfunction. By integrating spatial and cellular information, we uncovered a previously unrecognized spatial relationship between ductal epithelial cells and antigen-presenting cells in the lacrimal gland and identified a potential role for ductal epithelial cells as active drivers of inflammation by providing molecular and cellular cues that support periductal infiltrates rich in B cells and T follicular helper cells that form germinal centers and promote local autoantibody production. These findings together generate testable mechanistic hypotheses for each epithelial subtype and propose a framework for the therapeutic targeting of epithelial cells and multicellular interactions that underlie autoimmune lacrimal gland pathology in SjD.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Background Streptococcus mutans ( S. mutans ) is a primary cariogenic pathogen responsible for acid production, exopolysaccharides (EPS) production and biofilm formation. Two-component systems (TCS) regulate EPS metabolism, especially the VicRK TCS. Overexpression of antisense vicR (AS vicR ) can reduce EPS production and thereby weaken the cariogenicity of S. mutans. Although the antimicrobial monomer dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) exhibits potent antibacterial properties, mature S. mutans biofilms can protect themselves by extracellular matrix. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic intervention enhances drug efficacy, yet the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Objective To investigate the chemical–genetic cooperative antibiofilm strategy inhibition and mechanisms of AS vicR overexpression combined with DMAHDM on S. mutans biofilm formation, acid and EPS metabolism, and cariogenicity through the VicRK system. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration of DMAHDM and chlorhexidine were determined. Biofilm properties were evaluated via biomass assessment, EPS quantification, lactate production measurement, and colony-forming unit counting. Biofilm structures were examined by scanning electron microscopy. Mechanisms were investigated using RT-qPCR, zymography, and western blot. Rat caries model was employed to assess caries formation under different treatment conditions. Results The AS vicR strain exhibited an approximate 2-fold increase in susceptibility to DMAHDM and chlorhexidine. The combination treatment reduced biofilm CFU by approximately 4 log units, significantly lowered lactate and EPS levels, and resulted in a loose, porous biofilm structure. The expression levels of cariogenic virulence factors as well as the VicRK TCS genes and proteins were significantly downregulated. In vivo , the combined treatment reduced the overall caries severity score to 12.7% of the control group (p lt;0.05) without observing any systemic adverse effects. Conclusion The strategy of combining AS vicR overexpression with DMAHDM effectively modulates EPS metabolism and cariogenicity in S. mutans by interfering with the VicRK TCS, providing a potential therapeutic approach for clinical caries management.

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International Journal of Integrated Research and Practice • 2026

The interplay of biotechnology and synthetic chemistry has brought a revolutionary age in the synthesis of complex chemicals, fuels and pharmaceuticals. Engineered microorganisms (also known as microbial factories) that can perform specific biochemical reactions have become a promising sustainable and highly versatile platform to synthesize high-value compounds that are frequently difficult to prepare in a conventional chemical synthetic pathway. In the present paper, we discuss the state-of-the-art approaches used in microbial engineering, such as genome editing, optimization of metabolic pathways, and the expression of synthetic regulatory circuits, to improve the efficiency, yield, and specificity of microbial biosynthesis. It focuses on the combination of systems biology and computational modeling to predict metabolic fluxes and inform rational strain design to reduce trial-and-error methods. Successful uses are discussed in case studies, e.g. the microbial synthesis of bioactive natural products, specialty chemicals and next-generation biofuels, and illustrate the ability of engineered microbes to fill in the gap between biology and synthetic chemistry. Also, the paper discusses the main issues, such as metabolic load, pathway crosstalk, and scalability, regulatory and biosafety implications of the implementation of microbial factories in the industrial environment. The emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence-based strain optimizations and cell-free synthetic platforms, which are discussed in the discussion, also have the potential to further expand the capabilities of microbial factories. This paper will illuminate both the scientific concepts and application of microbial biotechnology to give a thorough perspective of how microbial systems will be utilized in the form of modular and programmable chemical factories. These results point to the potential of microbial engineering as a device to produce chemicals sustainably as well as to generate novelty at the interface of biology, chemistry, and industrial biotechnology.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Viral infections pose significant challenges to global health. Lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in various biological processes, including cell membrane structure, signaling, and energy homeostasis. Recent studies have highlighted the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and viral infections, revealing how viruses exploit host lipid pathways to facilitate their replication and assembly. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which viruses manipulate lipid metabolism and the subsequent impact on antiviral immunity. We systematically analyze the biological basis of lipid synthesis and degradation, emphasizing the role of lipids in immune cell function and the regulation of antiviral responses. Furthermore, we explore how altered lipid metabolism can influence immune responses in disease states, providing insights into the differential utilization of lipid pathways by various viruses. This review highlights suggest potential therapeutic strategies, including the development of antiviral drugs targeting lipid metabolism, modulation of lipid pathways to enhance immune responses, and combination therapies that integrate lipid metabolism modulation with conventional antiviral treatments. Future research directions are proposed, focusing on the interaction between lipid metabolism and emerging viral strains, the application of metabolomics in viral infection studies. This comprehensive review underscores the significance of lipid metabolism as a novel host-pathogen interface, paving the way for innovative therapeutic approaches in combating viral infections.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Background Retained metallic foreign bodies can lead to implant-associated wound infections through bacterial colonization and biofilm formation. We report a case of a wound infection associated with a retained metallic fragment caused by Staphylococcus arlettae ( S. arlettae ) and evaluate the organism’s early biofilm formation on common implant metals. Case presentation A 33-year-old man sustained a crush injury to his right hand and forearm, resulting in extensive soft-tissue damage and vascular injury. Emergency surgical management included meticulous debridement and vascular reconstruction. Postoperatively, purulent wound infection was effectively managed following microbiological identification of S. arlettae and antibiotic susceptibility-guided therapy. The treatment regimen involved serial debridement along with stepwise adjustments in antimicrobial dosing. Follow-up revealed that the patient’s hand function had recovered well. Methods and results In vitro assays were conducted to compare early bacterial attachment and biofilm formation of the clinical S. arlettae isolate on stainless steel 304 (SS304), stainless steel 316 (SS316), and titanium alloy (TC4). The results revealed material-dependent differences in initial adherence as well as early biofilm development, establishing a link between implant surface properties and bacterial colonization propensity. Conclusions This case underscores the clinical significance of retained metallic fragments as potential foci for S. arlettae infection, emphasizing the necessity for prompt debridement, targeted antimicrobial therapy, and consideration of implant material properties. In vitro evidence demonstrating differential biofilm behavior on SS304, SS316, and TC4 has important implications for surgical decision-making, selection of implants, management of wounds, and prophylactic antibiotic strategies aimed at mitigating implant-associated infections.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Horticulturae • 2026

Flesh mealiness, a textural disorder in apples, reduces storage quality and consumer acceptance. The ‘Delicious’ and ‘Fuji’, prominent apple cultivars in China, exhibit contrasting susceptibility to mealiness, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study compared cytological, physiological and cell wall metabolic changes between mealy ‘Oregon Spur II Delicious’ and non-mealy ‘Miyazaki Spur Fuji’ during ambient storage. Toluidine blue staining and scanning electron microscopy revealed that ‘Delicious’ exhibited larger intercellular spaces and cell separation in contrast to ‘Fuji’. This observation aligns with the earlier onset of mealiness in ‘Delicious’: its mealiness degree increased from 3.06% at harvest to 19.62% after 28 d of storage (a 6.4-fold rise), whereas that of ‘Fuji’ only increased from 2.13% to 3.90% (1.8-fold). This pronounced increase in ‘Delicious’ was accompanied by a significant increase in air space volume and a reduction in expressible juice. Furthermore, the occurrence of mealiness in ‘Delicious’ involved a sharp increase in respiration rate and ethylene production, alongside rapid declines in firmness and starch content. Notably, there was a substantial accumulation of water-soluble pectin (WSP) and chelator-soluble pectin (CSP) in ‘Delicious’, whereas the content of Na2CO3-soluble pectin (NSP) remained consistently lower. Monosaccharide composition analysis confirmed significantly reduced arabinose and galactose levels across pectin fractions (WSP, CSP, and NSP) in ‘Delicious’. Correspondingly, immunofluorescence labeling showed a pronounced degradation of arabinan and galactan within the side chains of rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I). In addition, the activities of pectin methylesterase, α-L-Arabinofuranosidase, and β-D-Galactosidase remained significantly elevated in ‘Delicious’. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that cultivar differences in flesh mealiness are attributable to divergent physiological senescence and cell wall disassembly processes.

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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology • 2026

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a severe deep-seated fungal infection caused by fungi of the genus Aspergillus . In recent years, its global incidence has shown a marked upward trend, posing a serious threat especially to immunocompromised patients, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and individuals on long-term glucocorticoid therapy. The core clinical dilemmas lie in the difficulty of early diagnosis and the narrow therapeutic window. Currently used clinical diagnostic indicators, including the galactomannan (GM) assay, (1,3)-β-D-glucan(G) assay, and imaging examinations, suffer from insufficient sensitivity or specificity, while traditional microbiological detection methods have a relatively long turnaround time. S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) and Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) are both key molecules in the innate immune response of the human body, playing central roles in the immune regulation of infectious diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that both molecules are abnormally expressed in IPA patients and may participate in the processes of Aspergillus infection recognition, immune clearance, and inflammatory regulation through synergistic effects, thereby providing new directions for the early diagnosis, disease assessment, and targeted therapy of IPA. This review will systematically elaborate on the molecular characteristics of S100A12 and PTX3, explore their synergistic mechanism and combined diagnostic value in IPA, and analyze their prospects for clinical application.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Frontiers in Nutrition • 2026

This study investigated the dynamic changes in rice quality, microbial communities, and volatile compound profiles during simulated summer transportation (35 °C, 70% RH, 15 days). Indica rice samples were systematically collected every 3 days and analyzed using HS-SPME-GC-MS/MS, HS-GC-IMS, and metagenomic sequencing. Prolonged transportation significantly altered the physicochemical properties of the rice. Moisture content plateaued on day 12, while germination rates declined significantly starting from day 6. Furthermore, fatty acid values increased continuously due to accelerated lipid hydrolysis and oxidation. Visible mold growth became evident on day 12, marking a critical tipping point for quality deterioration. The odor activity value (OAV) and relative odor activity value (ROAV) analyses revealed that the decline in unsaturated fatty aldehydes such as (E)-2-nonenal and the significant accumulation of alcohols, ketones, and short-chain esters, including 1-octen-3-ol and ethyl acetate, drove the transition from a “fresh and fatty” aroma to one characterized by moldy, fermented, and pungent notes. Metagenomic analysis demonstrated a profound ecosystem shift from bacterial dominance (Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria) to fungal dominance. Notably, Lichtheimia surged from lt;0.01% to 23.95%, becoming the dominant genus, while Aspergillus increased from 0.03% to 4.57%. Correlation analysis indicated that while Pseudomonas was associated with elevated fatty acid levels, the flavor shift was primarily linked to microbial succession. These findings provide insights into the synergistic mechanisms of rice spoilage and suggest that specific volatile markers could serve as early warning indicators for quality control in real-world grain logistics.

[object Object], [object Object]

Antioxidants • 2026

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are unavoidable byproducts of cellular metabolism and are normally controlled by tightly regulated antioxidant systems. Red blood cells (RBCs) are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress due to their high oxygen exposure and iron content. In sickle cell disease (SCD), this vulnerability is exacerbated, as sickled RBCs generate chronically elevated ROS that contribute directly to disease pathophysiology. This review examines emerging evidence linking oxidative stress responses to regulation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression through protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs). PRMTs catalyze arginine methylation of histone and non-histone substrates, thereby shaping chromatin structure, transcriptional programs, and translational control. We highlight recent findings demonstrating that specific PRMTs regulate γ-globin expression through distinct mechanisms, including transcriptional repression at the β-globin locus and post-transcriptional control of γ-globin mRNA translation. We propose that oxidative stress signaling may modulate PRMT activity, creating a mechanistic link between cellular stress responses and HbF induction. Because HbF inhibits pathological hemoglobin S polymerization, PRMT-dependent pathways represent an attractive therapeutic axis for SCD and related β-hemoglobinopathies. By integrating oxidative stress biology with PRMT-mediated epigenetic and translational regulation, this review outlines a unifying framework for HbF control, identifies critical knowledge gaps, and highlights future directions for the development of targeted epigenetic therapies.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Blood Advances • 2026

Abstract CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized treatment for relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (R/R-DLBCL), but challenges such as posttreatment failure and immune-related adverse events (AEs) persist. This study explores the gut microbiome as a predictive biomarker for CAR T-cell therapy outcomes and toxicity. Stool and serum samples from patients with R/R-DLBCL were analyzed at apheresis (47 samples) and 1 month after infusion (32 samples) using whole-genome sequencing metagenomics. When compared with healthy controls and newly-diagnosed DLBCL, R/R-DLBCL showed significant gut dysbiosis, characterized by increased Proteobacteria and Enterobacteriaceae. Responders had higher levels of Bacteroides fragilis, whereas nonresponders exhibited higher levels of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Functional metagenomic analysis suggested enrichment of inosine biosynthesis pathways in responders, and elevated serum inosine demonstrated an exploratory association with improved progression-free survival. Distinct microbial taxa and serum fatty acid profiles were also linked to CAR T-cell–related AEs, with higher acetate and butyrate levels in patients without AEs and increased isovalerate in those with AEs. These findings indicate that gut microbiome features—particularly Bacteroides fragilis and inosine metabolism—may serve as candidate biomarkers for CAR T-cell therapy outcomes and toxicity. However, given the exploratory nature of these analyses and the limited cohort size, results should be interpreted cautiously. Larger, prospective studies will be required to validate these observations and to assess the potential of microbiome-based strategies to optimize CAR T-cell therapy in R/R-DLBCL.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

Blood Advances • 2026

Abstract Patients with TP53 mutant mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) face poor chemotherapy response and early progression, requiring novel therapies. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), the rate-limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide salvage enzyme overexpressed in MCL cell lines and patient tissues, emerges as a therapeutic target. The NAMPT inhibitor KPT-9274 reduced viability and induced apoptosis in MCL cells irrespective of TP53 status. Mechanistic studies reveal a striking dichotomy: in TP53 mutant cells, NAMPT inhibition triggers synthetic lethality through catastrophic DNA damage response (DDR) pathway disruption, whereas in TP53 wild-type cells, it selectively suppresses B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and immune checkpoint activation. This biological divergence translates to clinically actionable synergies: TP53 mutant cells exhibit marked sensitization to alkylating agents and DDR-targeting therapies, whereas TP53 wild-type models show potential for overcoming BTK inhibitor resistance. In vivo studies confirm that NAMPT-based combinations achieve profound tumor regression in TP53 mutant xenografts without exacerbating toxicity. Our findings establish NAMPT as a dual-context therapeutic node, providing a precision medicine framework to circumvent chemoresistance in high-risk MCL. These results advocate for the clinical evaluation of TP53 status–guided NAMPT inhibitor combinations to address this unmet oncologic challenge.

[object Object], [object Object], [object Object] et al.

World Journal of Methodology • 2026

BACKGROUND Red cell distribution width (RDW) measures the red blood cell size variation. Elevated RDW has been associated with various adverse health outcomes, including cardiovascular diseases. AIM To analyze current evidence on the prognostic significance of high RDW in patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar, up to May 2024. Studies were included if they investigated the relationship between RDW levels and outcomes in HF patients. compared to those in the lowest quartile. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. compared to those in the lowest quartile. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I 2 statistic, we assessed the impact of individual studies on the overall estimate using a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis and publication bias was evaluated through a contour-enhanced funnel plot and Luis Furuya-Kanamori (LFK) index. RESULTS Seven studies, including a total of 11460 HF patients, were analyzed. The participants' mean age varied between 60 years and 80 years, with 6562 (57.26%) in the lower quartile. Patients in the highest quartile of RDW ( 15.21%) had a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality, with an odds ratio of 1.84 (95%CI: 1.31-2.57, P 0.001), compared to those in the lowest quartile (RDW: 14.1%-15.20%). There was significant variability in the included studies' results (I 2 = 93%, P 0.01), as well as potential publication bias suggested by the high LFK index (8.47). Sensitivity analysis reinforced the robustness of these findings, showing that the results were not unduly influenced by any single study. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis confirms that high RDW is a robust predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with HF, highlighting its potential utility as a simple, cost-effective biomarker for risk stratification. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms underlying this association and exploring the potential benefits of RDW-guided therapeutic strategies in HF management.