X. Xu, B.Z. Tian, J.L. Kong et al.

Advanced Materials • 2003

The immobilization of cytochrome c (Cyt‐c) in ordered mesoporous niobium oxide thin films is investigated for the first time. The direct electrochemical behavior of Cyt‐c assembled onto the inorganic matrix (see Figure) and the electrocatalytic properties of this assembly are studied. The results open a new doorway for the application of niobium oxides as bioanalytical devices.

Wenyan Tao, Dawei Pan, Qian Liu et al.

Electroanalysis • 2006

Abstract Acidic treated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (AMWNTs) were ground with water‐miscible room temperature ionic liquids, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([bmim]BF 4 ), and resulted in AMWNTs‐[bmim]BF 4 composite. Its electrical‐ionic conductivity and optical properties were compared with the other two types of carbon materials‐[bmim]BF 4 composites: pyrolytic graphite powder (PGP), pristine multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PMWNTs), through the ac impedance technology and Raman spectroscopy. The impedance data show that AMWNTs‐[bmim]BF 4 composite exhibits the highest conductivity. Raman spectra study exhibits that the [bmim]BF 4 can form gel with PMWNTs and AMWNTs but only form a viscous liquid with PGP. AMWNTs‐[bmim]BF 4 gel modified GC electrode was applied in direct electrochemistry of heme proteins (Hb and HRP) and it catalysis to the reduction of H 2 O 2 was investigated.

Huai‐Guo Xue, Zhi‐Quan Shen

Chinese Journal of Chemistry • 2002

Abstract A novel choline oxidase electrode was constructed by entrapping choline oxidase into polyaniline‐polyacrylonitrile composite film. The enzyme film was prepared by in situ electropolymerization of aniline into porous polyacrylonitrile‐coated platinum electrode in the presence of choline oxidase. The enzyme electrode exhibited sensitive and stable electrochemical response to choline. The kinetics analysis showed that the mass transport is partially rate‐limiting. The influences of pH, applied potential and temperature on the response of the enzyme electrode were also described.

Liping Huang, Shaoan Cheng, Guohua Chen

Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology • 2010

Abstract Recalcitrant wastes including dyes, pesticides, explosives, heavy metals, polyalcohols, furan derivatives and phenolic substances, are of special concern owing to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. Bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), integrate three important wastewater treatment options, namely, biological treatment, electrolytic dissociation and electrochemical oxidation/reduction, and are regarded as a new sustainable and effective strategy for treatment of these wastes. The simultaneous and cooperative roles of these multiple units running in parallel in BESs contribute to the efficiency of recalcitrant waste treatment, while substrate metabolism is considered to be a key step triggering different unit operations. An up‐to‐date review is provided on recent research and development in BESs‐based recalcitrant wastes treatment. MFCs and MECs, as two types of BESs, are summarized in terms of treatment efficiency, recalcitrant substance metabolic pathway and microorganism diversity after a brief introduction to the electrochemical process for recalcitrant waste treatment. The scientific and technical challenges that have yet to be faced in the future are also discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry

Guodong Liu, Charles Timchalk, Yuehe Lin

Electroanalysis • 2006

Abstract A fast, simple and sensitive bioelectrochemical magnetic immunosensing method is developed to monitor a potential insecticide biomarker, trichloropyridinol (TCP), in environmental sample. A magnet/glassy carbon (MGC) working electrode was used to accumulate immunocomplex associated magnetic beads and separate free and unbound reagents after liquid phase competitive immunoreaction among TCP antibody coated magnetic beads, TCP analyte and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled TCP. The activity of HRP tracers was monitored by square‐wave voltammetry (SWV) by scanning electrocactive enzymatic product in the presence of 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethylbenzidine dihydrochloride and hydrogen peroxide (TMB‐H 2 O 2 ) substrate solution. The electrochemical signal of enzymatic product was greatly enhanced by dual accumulation events: magnetic accumulation of enzyme tracers bound magnetic beads and constant potential accumulation of enzymatic product. The voltammetric characteristics of substrate and enzymatic product were investigated, and the parameters of SWV analysis and immunoassay were optimized. Under the optimal conditions the immunosensor was used to measure as low as 5 ng L −1 (ppt) TCP, which is 50‐fold lower than the value indicated by the manufacture of the TCP RaPID Assay kit (0.25 μg/L, colorimetric detection). The performance of the developed immunosensing system was successfully evaluated with river water samples spiked with TCP, indicating this convenient and sensitive technique offers great promise for decentralized environmental application. This technique could be readily used for detection of other environmental contaminants by developing specific antibodies against the contaminants and are expected to open new opportunities for environmental monitoring and public health.

Marco Frasconi, Gabriele Favero, Cristina Tortolini et al.

Electroanalysis • 2009

Abstract Heme peroxidase are ubiquitous enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of a broad range of substrates by hydrogen peroxide. In this paper the bioelectrochemical characterization of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and soybean peroxidase (SBP), belonging to class III of the plant peroxidase superfamily, was studied. The homogeneous reactions between peroxidases and some common redox mediators in the presence of hydrogen peroxide have been carried out by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical characterization of the reactions involving enzyme, substrate and mediators concentrations allowed us to calculate the kinetic parameters for the substrate–enzyme reaction ( K MS ) and for the redox mediator–enzyme reaction ( K MM ). A full characterization of the direct electron transfer kinetic parameters between the electrode and enzyme active site was also performed by opportunely modeling data obtained from cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry experiments. The experimental data obtained with immobilized peroxidases show enhanced direct electron transfer and excellent electrocatalytical performance for H 2 O 2 . Despite the structural similarities and common catalytic cycle, HRP and SBP exhibit differences in their substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Basing on our results, it can be concluded that peroxidase from soybean represents an interesting alternative to the classical and largely employed one obtained from horseradish as biorecognition element of electrochemical mediated biosensors.

Z. Feleke, Y. Sakakibara

Water Science and Technology • 2001

Biological denitrification and trace pesticide removal in a combined biofilm-electrode reactor/adsorption process has been investigated. In long-term (more than 260 days) continuous experiments, influent and effluent concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, isoprothiolane and gas composition were measured at different electric current and pesticide loading conditions. Experimental results showed that complete and stable denitrification was achieved in BER without accumulation of nitrite and nitrous oxide. Isoprothiolane (IPT) was removed by adsorption onto either granular activated carbon or silicone resin. Removal efficiency of IPT exceeding 97% was achieved and effluent concentration was below the guideline value (40 μg/l). Theoretically predicted effluent concentrations were in good agreement with the observed results. From these results, it is concluded that the combined process is applicable to treat nitrate and pesticide contaminated drinking water. Moreover, from comparison with former studies, different possible options to further enhance the decomposition of pesticide were suggested.

Sergey Kalyuzhnyi

Pure and Applied Chemistry • 2007

Abstract The well-known use of the microbiological process of anaerobic digestion (AD) to generate biogas (mixture of methane and CO 2 ) is now widely implemented for the production of renewable energy worldwide. In Russia, however, this is not the case despite huge amounts of organic wastes (OW) suitable for AD. This paper firstly inventories major flows of OW from various sectors of the national economy (agriculture, industry, households, etc.) and estimates their biogas potential. Special attention is paid to existing bottlenecks and barriers to implementation of biogas technology given the Russian socioeconomic conditions. The second part of the paper is devoted to a new emerging technology based on AD-microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The current status of research in this field in Russia is reviewed in comparison with worldwide developments. The possible niches for implementation of MFC technology in Russia (e.g., wastewater treatment) are pointed out, including its complements to conventional biogas processes.

Shelley T. Brown-Malker, Sue Read, Andrew Rowlands et al.

ECS Transactions • 2010

BioElectrochemical Systems are an emerging technology of interest. Central to the successful operation of these systems is the development of a biofilm on an electrode surface that facilitates the interaction of microorganisms capable of extra-cellular electron transfer. Porous graphite is typically chosen as the electrode material. However, other materials could contribute to a significant improvement in reactor performance. In order to evaluate these novel materials, a platform methodology is required. In this study, E-QCM-D was evaluated using a gold electrode, a mixed biofilm population and a challenging real influent (fermented solubilised sludge). The results gave real-time feedback on both the acoustic and electrochemical impedance of the working electrode, hence providing information about biofilm thickness, viscoelasticity, kinetics and mass transport. The use of E-QCM-D is novel for this field and has the potential to provide a wealth of new data to help optimise the performance of biofilms in these systems.

Uwe Schröder

Chemical Processes for a Sustainable Future • 2014

By generating electricity from microbially catalysed anodic oxidation processes, the greatest potential lies in the use of wastewater as a fuel, which allows wastewater treatment and energy recovery to be combined. A recent development has expanded the scope of bioelectrochemical systems from power generation and wastewater treatment to an increasing number of applications such as bioelectrochemically driven desalination and microbial electrosynthesis. This chapter provides an overview of microbial bioelectrochemical systems, their fundamentals and potential applications.

Bruce E. Logan

ChemSusChem • 2012

AbstractMicrobial fuel cells (MFCs) and other bioelectrochemical systems are new technologies that require expertise in a variety of technical areas, ranging from electrochemistry to biological wastewater treatment. There are certain data and critical information that should be included in every MFC study, such as specific surface area of the electrodes, solution conductivity, and power densities normalized to electrode surface area and volumes. Electrochemical techniques such as linear sweep voltammetry can be used to understand the performance of the MFC, but extremely slow scans are required for these biological systems compared to more traditional fuel cells. In this Minireview, the critical information needed for MFC studies is provided with examples of how results can be better conveyed through a full description of materials, the use of proper controls, and inclusion of a more complete electrochemical analysis.

Michael G. Waller, Thomas A. Trabold

ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology • 2013

There is growing interest in innovative waste water treatment technologies that can utilize the inherent energy-producing potential of organic waste. A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a type of bioreactor that produces electricity by converting energy in the chemical bonds of organic material, through a catalytic reaction of microorganisms under anaerobic conditions. MFCs provide a promising low cost, highly efficient, and renewable energy-producing alternative to conventional wastewater treatments. MFC technology at the laboratory scale has advanced to the point where chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies (RE) over 90% are commonly achieved; however, low coulombic efficiencies (CE) and power densities often result when treating actual industrial and domestic wastewaters. In spite of their low energy recovery and power production, MFCs have been shown to be economically viable when factoring in costs savings from the sale of produced chemical byproducts and reduction of solid waste removal costs. However, further research of large-scale MFC wastewater treatment applications must be performed to determine the extent of their feasibility. This paper reviews several pilot-test MFC systems, addresses promising future industrial applications, and discusses current research gaps in MFC technology for wastewater treatment. Of particular interest in our research program is the use of MFCs to treat liquid-phase organic waste generated at food processing plants. Because of the general scalability of fuel cell systems, there is reason to believe that an MFC treatment system would be better suited to relatively small waste flow rates, unlike other treatment methods (e.g., anaerobic digestion) which typically require large volume to achieve economic viability.

Yuejia Chen, Junqiu Jiang, Qingliang Zhao

Water Science and Technology • 2014

The effect of sludge freezing/thawing on its disintegration and subsequent use as substrate in a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated to enhance organic matter degradation and electricity generation. Experimental results indicated that long freezing time (more than 48 h) was effective in disintegrating the sludge collected from the secondary sedimentation tank of a wastewater treatment plant. Freezing/thawing pretreatment could enhance the degradation of total chemical oxygen demand (COD) and electricity generation in MFC due to the higher concentration of soluble COD and ammonium nitrogen available in the pretreated sludge. The removal efficiency of total COD was increased from 25.3% (raw sludge as substrate) to 66.2% and the maximum power output was increased from 8.9 (raw sludge as substrate) to 10.2 W/m3 in MFC.

Parag Bhayana, Trupti Dandekar, Rajni Bala et al.

Remediation Journal • 2024

AbstractThe discharge of wastewater from the pharmaceutical industry poses risks of detrimental effects on various ecosystems. The presence of hazardous substances in pharmaceutical wastewater is a matter of global concern due to its association with multiple disorders, including disruptions in endocrine hormones and significant chronic toxicity. As research in this field continues to grow, the valorization to nanotechnology‐based treatment of industrial wastewater approaches. One prominent focus of recent research is the utilization of nanomaterials, particularly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), in treating pharmaceutical wastewater, aligns with the goals of sustainable development. CNTs demonstrate potential in efficiently mineralizing pharmaceutical compounds in wastewater, offering cost‐effectiveness, ease of handling, and efficacy. Additionally, CNTs possess the capability to remediate pharmaceutical wastewater at a relatively low cost, with the advantage of being recyclable. This review provides an overview of the diverse applications of various CNTs for the removal of pharmaceutical compounds from wastewater, emphasizing the mechanisms of adsorption and degradation of these compounds using CNTs. Furthermore, it sheds light on the application of CNTs in photocatalysis as an economically viable and efficient solution.

Ram Ranjan

Water Economics and Policy • 2021

Industrial effluents and municipal wastewaters are increasingly finding their way into freshwater bodies, posing serious health and environmental challenges. In this paper, the potential for industrial wastewater remediation through agroforestry is explored for a peri-urban farming region in India. Farmers are incentivized under a payment for ecosystem services (PES) mechanism to convert their farmlands into poplar-based agroforestry and utilize industrial effluents for irrigating trees. Additional income can be derived through sale of poplar timber which enhances the attractiveness of such a PES mechanism. A dynamic optimization model compares farmers’ optimal land use allocation to a socially optimal case. Further, the firm’s effluent discharge outcomes are compared to an alternative arrangement where it is fined for discharging untreated wastewater into waterbodies in the absence of the agroforestry remediation option. Results support the attractiveness of such PES mechanisms in addressing the industrial effluent discharge problem while simultaneously mitigating the effects of water scarcity through wastewater reclamation. The optimal level of tax required to accomplish complete treatment of effluents by polluting firms is several times higher compared to PES payments. Further, the incentive to convert farmland into poplar plantations improves with PES payments but declines with higher profitability of agricultural crops.

Diplina Paul, Abhisek Banerjee

Nitrogen • 2022

Water contamination due to various nitrogenous pollutants generated from wastewater treatment plants is a crucial and ubiquitous environmental problem now-a-days. Nitrogen contaminated water has manifold detrimental effects on human health as well as aquatic life. Consequently, various biological treatment processes are employed to transform the undesirable forms of nitrogen in wastewater to safer ones for subsequent discharge. In this review, an overview of various conventional biological treatment processes (viz. nitrification, denitrification, and anammox) have been presented along with recent novel bioelectrochemical methods (viz. microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells). Additionally, nitrogen is an indispensable nutrient necessary to produce artificial fertilizers by fixing dinitrogen gas from the atmosphere. Thus, this study also explored the potential capability of various nitrogen recovery processes from wastewater (like microalgae, cyanobacteria, struvite precipitation, stripping, and zeolites) that are used in industries. Further, the trade-offs, challenges posed by these processes have been dwelt on along with other biological processes like CANON, SHARON, OLAND, and others.

Simone Perazzoli, José P. de Santana Neto, Hugo M. Soares

Water Science and Technology • 2018

Abstract Bioelectrochemical technologies are emerging as innovative solutions for waste treatment, offering flexible platforms for both oxidation and reduction reaction processes. A great variety of applications have been developed by utilizing the energy produced in bioelectrochemical systems, such as direct electric power generation, chemical production or water desalination. This manuscript provides a literature review on the prospects in bioelectrochemical technologies for wastewater treatment, including organic, nutrients and metals removal, production of chemical compounds and desalination. The challenges and perspectives for scale-up were discussed. A technological strategy to improve the process monitoring and control based on big data platforms is also presented. To translate the viability of wastewater treatment based on bioelectrochemical technologies into commercial application, it is necessary to exploit interdisciplinary areas by combining the water/wastewater sector, energy and data analytics technologies.

Jeje JO, Oladepo KT, Oyegoke SO

International Journal of Water and Wastewater Treatment • 2023

This study undertook the generation of electricity from abattoir waste with the aim of eliminating the polluting effects of this waste. To achieve the aim of the study, three abattoirs were randomly selected within Ile-Ife in Osun State, southwest Nigeria. Using interactive and investigative methods, the average number of cows and goats that were slaughtered daily, weekly and monthly was established; and the amount of waste generated was subsequently estimated. Water samples were collected from water sources for the abattoirs. Wastewater samples were also collected at different carefully selected stages of the abattoir processes. The wastewater samples were exposed to air for 6 hours to 48 hours. The water and wastewater samples were then subjected to physico-chemical analysis, using standard procedures. Using standard method and appropriate materials, salt bridge was prepared and Microbial Fuel Cells (MFC) were assembled. Subsequently, electrical set up was done, abattoir wastewater introduced into the chamber and electricity generated and evaluated. Voltage, voltage drop, power and current readings were observed and recorded for a period of six (6) days (between 131-144 hours). Surveys revealed that an average of two (2) cows was slaughtered daily in each abattoir. Results showed that the quantity of waste generated from each abattoir per day stands at 100-120 kg per day. For fresh water samples, the pH fell within WHO standard (6.98 to 7.05); while the average pH value for the wastewaters showed that it is basic. Also, for fresh water samples, TS, TSS and BOD values met WHO standard (340 to 440 mg/l), 200 to 220 mg/l and 240 to 600 mg/l) respectively, while the values were excessively high for wastewaters. Generally, the voltage generated from waste with longest exposure to air had the least values. The study concluded that electricity generation is possible from abattoir waste using microbial fuel cells.

Subramaniapillai Niju, K. Priyadharshini

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy • 2023

AbstractIndustries play an important role in the economic growth of any nation, whereas they release pollutants, which impact our environment seriously. Owing to the rapid climate change and global warming, our earth is searching for different sustainable energy technologies. Microbial fuel cell technology is emerging as one of the most versatile sustainable energy technology, with their ability to tap the energy stored in the wastewater and convert it directly into electrical energy. Though MFC research is still in its nascent stage, its theoretical superiority makes it a unique technology, which can be developed into a self‐sufficient system for wastewater treatment in the near future. Brewery industries consume large quantities of water for beer production and hence release large quantities of wastewater. The chemical energy stored in the brewery wastewater could be converted into useful bioelectricity by MFC technology compared to other traditional wastewater treatment technologies, which are all energy intensive. Brewery wastewater, rich in biodegradable organic matter with their non‐toxic nature, makes it a highly suitable substrate for MFC. It is one of the few substrates that have made it to pilot‐scale studies worldwide. This study aims to review the microbial fuel cells with brewery wastewater as their substrate. It will elaborate the different configurations of MFCs employed for brewery wastewater so far, their power producing ability and wastewater treatment efficiency. The critical factors that influence these MFC systems will also be discussed. Finally, this article also identifies and suggests different strategies to improve the performance of such MFC systems.

E. Prabakaran, Kriveshini Pillay

Nanoarchitectonics • 2021

This article describes the fabrication of electrochemical devices for the detection of a key environmental pollutant, 4-Nitrophenol (4-NPh). 4-NPh is a requirement for the synthesis of organophosphate pesticides. These pesticides are mostly used in the agricultural sector to obtain a high yield of agricultural products. The use of 4-NPh in the agricultural field results in poisonous levels of this compound in the soil and water. Different techniques have been used for its transformation by biological and chemical degradation. However, these strategies not only created highly toxic pollutant but also need fast operation and time consuming processes. In this background, we have reported a broad and efficient review of the electrochemical reduction of 4-NPh as a feasible alternate method. In this review paper, graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), N-doped graphene oxide, functionalized graphene oxide, metallic nanoparticles coated graphene oxide, metal oxides covered on rGO, polymer functionalized graphene oxide and hybrids materials functionalized with graphene oxide (hydroxyl apatite and β-cyclodextrin) which have been fabricated on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to enhance the electrocatalytic reduction and increase the sensor activity of 4-NPh are discussed. We have also described the effects of a few interfering phenolic pollutants such as aminophenol, hydroquinone, o-nitrophenol (o-NPh), trinitrotoluene, trinitrophenol, 2, 4-dinitrophenol (4-DNPh) and nitrobenzene. In the paper, easy and more effective electrochemical methods for the detection of 4-NPh with graphene- based nanocomposites modified on GCE for 4-NPh detection are summarized and discussed.

Prasanna Ramakrisnan

International Journal on e-Learning and Higher Education • 2024

This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a modified flipped classroom (MFC) approach in enhancing multimedia practical skills among undergraduate students. Traditional flipped classroom approaches were merged with learning contents created and shared with students prior to the classroom time; and classroom hands-on sessions tailored for multimedia skill acquisition. In the MFC approach, the classroom time is converted to synchronous online classes and problem-solving activities. A cohort of 42 undergraduate students enrolled in a multimedia computing course was divided into two groups: a control group (21) receiving traditional lectures and lab sessions, and an experimental group (21 students) exposed to the modified flipped classroom approach. The study spanned 14 weeks, with pre and post-assessments used to evaluate students’ practical skills using assignment evaluations. The effectiveness of the modified flipped classroom approach was based on two indicators (i) the student’s assignment performance and (ii) the student’s learning experience. The experimental group demonstrated an improvement in multimedia practical skills compared to the control group. There was an 8.25% increase in students’ performance in designing, develop, and implementing multimedia assignments. Quantitative learning experience feedback indicated that students in the modified flipped classroom liked the approach and helped to understanding of the content and practical approach better. Implementing a modified flipped classroom approach not only prepares students for the professional world but also accommodates diverse learning styles, promoting holistic learning and pratical skill development in the multimedia domain.

Gourav Sharma, Vikrant Khullar, Sanjeev Soni

Materials Science and Technology • 2025

Graphene nanostructures-based dispersions, owing to their improved thermophysical and optical characteristics are being actively explored for use in thermal energy conversion and management. Here, thermophysical and photothermal characteristics of graphene oxide (GO), functionalized graphene oxide (f-GO), and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) based nanofluids (without surfactants) of various concentrations (0.05–0.23 wt.%) are evaluated. The structural, morphology and stability of the nanofluids are determined by XRD analysis, Transmission electron microscopy, UV- visible spectroscopy and zeta potential analysis. Subsequently, thermal conductivity and contact angle measurements are performed. Photothermal behaviour is investigated experimentally. Overall, it is found that among the prepared nanofluids, the f-GO nanofluids performed better compared to GO and rGO nanofluids. Maximum stability of f-GO nanofluids is obtained at 0.05 wt.% while the thermal conductivity and photothermal response is best obtained at 0.23 wt.% concentration.

P. Pushkar, O. Prakash, A. A. Mungray et al.

Fuel Cells • 2018

AbstractBenthic microbial fuel cell (BMFC) is a futuristic technology for powering low power devices. A major problem in the scale‐up of BMFC is decreasing in the power generation with an increase in the size of the electrodes. However, the multi‐electrodes have a potential to increase the power generation. Therefore, multi‐electrodes (three electrodes) in Horizontal (H) and Vertical (V) configurations are examined in this work. For effective understanding, individual and combined electrodes in both the configurations are analyzed and compared with the Single (S) electrode. The analytical techniques, such as power and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used in situ to understand the performance of BMFC. The start‐up provides information that the position of the electrode is the key for the enhancement of power generation. V, H, and S generated a maximum power density of 56.6, 49.4 and 22.5 mW m−2 having internal resistances of 389, 421 and 668 Ω, respectively. EIS data shows that the energy generation is dependent on the capacitance and resistance. The vertical arrangement provided the best configuration.

Guihe Li, Jia Yao

Gases • 2024

Excessive emissions of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide (CO2), have garnered worldwide attention due to their significant environmental impacts. Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) techniques have emerged as effective solutions to address CO2 emissions. Recently, direct air capture (DAC) and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) have been advanced within the CCUS framework as negative emission technologies. BECCS, which involves cultivating biomass for energy production, then capturing and storing the resultant CO2 emissions, offers cost advantages over DAC. Algae-based CCUS is integral to the BECCS framework, leveraging algae’s biological processes to capture and sequester CO2 while simultaneously contributing to energy production and potentially achieving net negative carbon emissions. Algae’s high photosynthetic efficiency, rapid growth rates, and ability to grow in non-arable environments provide significant advantages over other BECCS methods. This comprehensive review explores recent innovations in algae-based CCUS technologies, focusing on the mechanisms of carbon capture, utilization, and storage through algae. It highlights advancements in algae cultivation for efficient carbon capture, algae-based biofuel production, and algae-based dual carbon storage materials, as well as key challenges that need to be addressed for further optimization. This review provides valuable insights into the potential of algae-based CCUS as a key component of global carbon reduction strategies.

Yuh-Shan Ho

Water • 2020

Li et al. (2019) used inappropriate searching words and method to publish a bibliometric paper in Water. The results show a huge difference from the results by using an appropriate method. This comment points out each of problems.

Shougang Wang, Xiaoyan Su, Han Cui et al.

Genes • 2022

Marine biofilms are a collective of microbes that can grow on many different surfaces immersed in marine environments. Estimating the microbial richness and specificity of a marine biofilm community is a challenging task due to the high complexity in comparison with seawater. Here, we compared the resolution of full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique of a PacBio platform for microbe identification in marine biofilms with the results of partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing of traditional Illumina PE250 platform. At the same time, the microbial richness, diversity, and composition of adjacent seawater communities in the same batch of samples were analyzed. Both techniques revealed higher species richness, as reflected by the Chao1 index, in the biofilms than that in the seawater communities. Moreover, compared with Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing detected more specific species for biofilms and less specific species for seawater. Members of Vibrio, Arcobacter, Photobacterium, Pseudoalteromonas, and Thalassomonas were significantly enriched in the biofilms, which is consistent with the previous understanding of species adapted to a surface-associated lifestyle and validates the taxonomic analyses in the current study. To conclude, the full-length sequencing of 16S rRNA genes has probably a stronger ability to analyze more complex microbial communities, such as marine biofilms, the species richness of which has probably been under-estimated in previous studies.

Zhengjian Zhang, Qilian Zhang, Yunzhi Chen et al.

Holzforschung • 2018

AbstractMicrofibrillated cellulose (MFC) preparation was investigated by means of cellulase pretreatment aided by poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) (polyDADMAC) as an additive. The effect of polyDADMAC on the adsorption of cellulase onto the cellulose fibers, and the properties of MFC and MFC films are described. The additive improved the adsorption of cellulase onto cellulose fibers. Compared to the control, at an addition level of polyDADMAC of 0.789 ml g−1, the crystallinity, aspect ratio, the specific surface area of MFC and, the elongation at break and tensile strength of MFC films are increased, while the oxygen permeability coefficient of the MFC films is decreased. The optimal conditions for preparation of MFC by cellulase pretreatment were: pulp consistency 10%, cellulase dosage 10 µ g−1, pretreatment time 16 h and 0.789 ml g−1polyDADMAC. In summary, polyDADMAC-assisted cellulase pretreatment enhances the efficiency of the cellulase pretreatment of cellulose fibers and improves the performance of MFC and the MFC films.

John Greenman, Iwona Gajda, Ioannis Ieropoulos

Sustainable Energy & Fuels • 2019

This review discusses the potential future uses of photomicrobial fuel cells (PMFCs) as complete recycling machines for biomass transformation.

S. Sabaria

Communications on Applied Nonlinear Analysis • 2024

Metagenomics has revolutionized our understanding of microbial communities by enabling the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples. Traditional methods of microbiology often miss the vast majority of microorganisms that are unculturable in laboratory settings. Harnessing the power of machine learning in metagenomics provides an unprecedented opportunity to uncover the diversity and functionality of these invisible microbial worlds. By analyzing large-scale metagenomic datasets, machine learning algorithms can identify patterns and associations that are not easily discernible through conventional analytical techniques, paving the way for new discoveries in microbial ecology and evolution.The integration of machine learning into metagenomics has the potential to enhance the accuracy and speed of taxonomic classification, functional annotation, and the prediction of microbial interactions. Machine learning models can process complex, high-dimensional data, enabling researchers to make more informed predictions about microbial roles in various ecosystems. Additionally, machine learning techniques can aid in identifying novel genes and metabolic pathways that could have significant implications for biotechnology, medicine, and environmental science. These advancements could lead to breakthroughs in areas such as antibiotic resistance, bioremediation, and the development of new bioproducts.As machine learning continues to evolve, its application in metagenomics will likely expand, offering deeper insights into microbial dynamics and their influence on human health and the environment. However, challenges remain, including the need for large, well-curated datasets and the development of models that can handle the complexity and variability of metagenomic data. Despite these challenges, the synergy between machine learning and metagenomics holds great promise for advancing our understanding of the microbial world and unlocking the potential of microbes in various fields.

Km Sartaj, Alok Patel, Leonidas Matsakas et al.

Genes • 2022

Renewable biofuels, such as biodiesel, bioethanol, and biobutanol, serve as long-term solutions to fossil fuel depletion. A sustainable approach feedstock for their production is plant biomass, which is degraded to sugars with the aid of microbes-derived enzymes, followed by microbial conversion of those sugars to biofuels. Considering their global demand, additional efforts have been made for their large-scale production, which is ultimately leading breakthrough research in biomass energy. Metagenomics is a powerful tool allowing for functional gene analysis and new enzyme discovery. Thus, the present article summarizes the revolutionary advances of metagenomics in the biofuel industry and enlightens the importance of unexplored habitats for novel gene or enzyme mining. Moreover, it also accentuates metagenomics potentials to explore uncultivable microbiomes as well as enzymes associated with them.

Burak Ulgut

Journal of The Electrochemical Society • 2022

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy(EIS) is a standard technique for analyzing batteries in detail. It is immensely powerful as it can yield separate information about various components and interfaces inside while the battery is intact and operational. One drawback of the EIS measurement is the relatively large time it requires.One potential way to improve this issue is the use of the multisine, a technique akin to Fourier Transform techniques in various spectroscopies. In this manuscript, it will be shown that through judicious preparation of excitation signal, proper parameter choice and tweaking, the measurement can be sped up. Under the best conditions, the measurement can be completed within the shortest possible time that transforms to the lowest desired frequency.

Rūta Rimašauskienė, Ali Raza, Swarup MAHATO

Mechanics • 2023

This study proposes a vibration suppression technique that uses piezoelectric material to restrict the dynamic amplitudes of a cantilever beam. The finite element analysis (FEA) model of the cantilever is created and incorporated with Macro Fiber Composite (MFC8507-P2) in the ANSYS framework. A comparative study has been performed using three different types of materials i.e., Polylactic acid (PLA), PLA with Short Carbon Fibers (PLA-SCF Composite), and PLA with Continuous Carbon Fibers (PLA-CCF Composite), for the beam. An external disturbance causes the beam to vibrate, and the MFC8507-P2 patch provides a counter-force to the structure to reduce vibrations. The MFC8507-P2 patch is placed at an appropriate location on each beam to suppress vibration induced by the initial fundamental modes. Modal analysis has been performed to find the natural frequencies and the contribution of each mode to the overall response under dynamic loading conditions. Transient structural analysis is performed to observe the influence of the MFC8507-P2 patch on vibration amplitude with time. Furthermore, frequency response analysis has been performed to determine the impact of the MFC8507-P2 patch on the vibration amplitude of the natural modes. The vibration response has been measured at the tip of the beam and the simulation results validate that the vibration amplitude decreases as the applied voltage increases.

Sahar Karami, Seyyed Alireza Mousavi, Parviz Mohammadi et al.

Sustainable Energy & Fuels • 2024

A novel multi-chamber (A4) microbial fuel cell was utilized for the treatment of compost leachate with high organic matter and ammonium concentration.

Carsten Christensen, John Salmon

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology • 2022

The increasing proliferation of small unmanned aircraft systems (sUASs) is forcing a paradigm shift in military doctrine surrounding counter-sUAS and sUAS deployment tactics. This work describes an agent-based model that incorporates established infantry small unit tactics with the ability to deploy sUASs to aid in surveillance and indirect fire targeting. The model is based on current military doctrine and real warfighter experiences and is presented as a foundation from which additional simulation capabilities and analyses may be created. A series of randomly generated situations sets a defending force with the potential to have sUAS capabilities against a superior attacking force without sUAS capabilities. A control case considers defenders without sUAS capabilities. In six experimental cases, defending forces deploy a single sUAS in one of six patrol patterns as a surveillance and indirect fire targeting tool. Subsequent analysis reveals that sUASs generally increase the odds of defender survival during an engagement and that short-range, concentrated patrol patterns lead to higher odds of defender survival and increased indirect fire opportunities. A battery of analyses showcase the model’s capabilities in terms of exploring novel sUAS implementation strategies and illustrating the impact of those strategies over a range of combat effectiveness metrics.

Jan Nohel, Petr Stodola, Jan Zezula et al.

The Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology • 2025

In terms of deploying forces and assets in different domains, the conduct of contemporary military operations can be characterized as complex. Information obtained from a wide range of sources and sensors is thus a crucial factor influencing the course and outcome of an operation. It must be robust, variably deployable, sustainable long-term, modular, and flexible when performing reconnaissance tasks in the rear of enemy forces or in areas threatened by, for example, chemical, biological, radiological, and/or nuclear (CBRN) threats. This paper describes the requirements of commanders for the capabilities of autonomous modular robotic systems performing reconnaissance tasks to support their units. It characterizes the possibilities of using mathematical-algorithmic models in planning the operation of robotic systems. The computational capabilities of tactical decision support system models are demonstrated on two scenarios for the reconnaissance of an area of interest. The partial calculations of the different parts of the reconnaissance task are performed in a logical sequence. Field tests practically verified the variants of performing reconnaissance tasks by robotic systems. The use of digital terrain and relief models, mathematical-algorithmic models, and variant modeling has increased the efficiency of the planning and deployment of a group of robotic systems in the reconnaissance of an area of interest.

, A. O. Pavliuk, S. G. Kotlyarevsky et al.

Radioactive Waste • 2023

The article presents methods and a general survey procedure for storage facilities with radioactive waste generated during the operation of uranium-graphite reactors. It presents the experience from the application of different survey methods and relevant findings. The paper describes the key areas for further improvement of the survey methods, including the results from the mock-up tests based on various methods applied for arranging penetrations in the radioactive waste volume providing access to the bottom waste layers. The approaches presented in the article can be adapted to explore other storage facility types arranged during nuclear decommissioning.

Tina Kegl, Eloisa Torres-Jimenez

RE&PQJ • 2024

Ever increasing demands for renewable energy sources are the driving force for the development of waste management technologies such as anaerobic digestion (AD) technology. For AD process understanding and optimization the numerical simulations provide a useful tool. Therefore, in this work, the main attention is focused on the development of an efficient and stable optimization approach. The optimization procedure is coupled with a suitable mechanistically inspired self-developed BioModel. For BioModel calibration, a special procedure was developed which incorporates the used BioModel, a sensitivity analysis, and a gradient-based optimization algorithm. The results of numerical simulation, obtained by the AD of various animal manures in a batch lab-scale bioreactor, confirm the reliability of BioModel and the efficiency of the presented calibration procedure. Furthermore, the results of AD process optimization show that the biogas quantity and quality as well as energy used up for bioreactor heating can be improved essentially when amount of added bacteria, temperature and pH values are optimized properly.

Alberto Mur-Gorgas, Susana Martínez-Pellitero, Tamara Joglar et al.

Applied Sciences • 2024

Despite over two decades of intense research into bioelectrochemical systems (BESs), their practical implementation remains unrealized, partly due to the low performance of bioelectrodes. With the introduction of additive manufacturing techniques, the development of a new generation of bioelectrodes with custom-shaped geometries using conductive composites has become feasible. This study examines the potential of using two conductive composites, Poly-lactic acid (PLA) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), for 3D-printed electrodes. Electrochemical characterization reveals that TPU has a charge transfer resistance approximately two orders of magnitude higher than PLA, rendering it unsuitable for bioelectrodes. The presence of triangular patterns enhances the performance of planar electrodes, with optimal results observed for PLA-based electrodes with surface pattern depths between 0.6 and 1.4 mm. Additionally, electrodeposition (ED) of graphene oxide (GO) further improves performance across all cases. During the subsequent biotic start-up, patterned PLA electrodes with a depth of 1.4 mm exhibit higher current. However, these 3D-printed electrodes exhibit degradation after 56 days of operation.

B Antony Fantin, S Ramesh, J S.Sudarsan et al.

International Journal of Engineering & Technology • 2018

Due to depletion of coal and other natural fuel there is an urgent need to find eco-friendly and workable technology for alternate energy. Microbial fuel cells is considered as assuringmethod to extract energy from various sources of wastewater and to generate electricity. But, due to practical limits, MFCs are still unsuitable to meet high power demands. Since wastewater contains several contaminants including organic substances, therefore, generation of electric energy from wastewater using MFC can offer an alternate solution for electricity issue as well as to reduce environmental pollution. Microbial fuel cells harvest electrical energy from wastewater with the help of microorganisms present within the wastewater. The energy confined in organic matter converted in to useful electric current. In Microbial Fuel Cell electrons from the microorganisms transfer from a reduced electron donor to an electron acceptor at a higher electrochemical potential. The study highlights that wastewater with high organic content found to be more effective and it also gives good energy production. If the same concept implemented in large scale it can help in achieving sustainable development and it helps in achieving 3R formula in the process of wastewater treatment.

Kei Jung Kwon, Bong Ju Park

Ornamental Horticulture • 2021

Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of an ornamental plant, Spathiphyllum spp., as a plant-microbial fuel cell (Plant MFC) to produce voltage and current. This study also evaluated the effect of the Plant MFC on water use efficiency and plant growth. The experiment used four experimental groups: used MFC without plant (Soil MFC), used MFC with plant (Plant MFC), unused MFC without plant (Soil Pot), and unused MFC with plant (Plant Pot). Plant MFC generated higher voltage and current levels than Soil MFC. The average voltage of Plant MFC and Soil MFC was 0.475 V and 0.375 V, respectively, and the average current was 0.110 mA and 0.030 mA, respectively. Plant MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. produced a constant voltage output, with a deviation of 0.027 V during the four-month indoor experiment. The difference between the maximum and minimum voltage during the day was as small as 0.015 V, which supports the utility of Plant MFC as a stable power source. Volumetric soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), photosynthesis rate, leaf area, fresh weight, and dry weight of Plant MFC and Plant Pot were measured. There was no significant difference in any values, and volumetric soil moisture and plant growth were not affected by the utilization of Plant MFC. Thus, a Plant-MFC using Spathiphyllum spp. can play the same ornamental role as conventional plants and at the same time be used as a sustainable bioelectricity source.