Pengfei Gong, Jiali Tang, Jiaying Wang et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences • 2023

Hydroxytyrosol, a valuable plant-derived phenolic compound, is increasingly produced from microbial fermentation. However, the promiscuity of the key enzyme HpaBC, the two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenase from Escherichia coli, often leads to low yields. To address this limitation, we developed a novel strategy utilizing microbial consortia catalysis for hydroxytyrosol production. We designed a biosynthetic pathway using tyrosine as the substrate and selected enzymes and overexpressing glutamate dehydrogenase GdhA to realize the cofactor cycling by coupling reactions catalyzed by the transaminase and the reductase. Additionally, the biosynthetic pathway was divided into two parts and performed by separate E. coli strains. Furthermore, we optimized the inoculation time, strain ratio, and pH to maximize the hydroxytyrosol yield. Glycerol and ascorbic acid were added to the co-culture, resulting in a 92% increase in hydroxytyrosol yield. Using this approach, the production of 9.2 mM hydroxytyrosol was achieved from 10 mM tyrosine. This study presents a practical approach for the microbial production of hydroxytyrosol that can be promoted to produce other value-added compounds.

Iris Hilker, Véronique Alphand, Roland Wohlgemuth et al.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis • 2004

Abstract An efficient preparative scale process for achieving asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger oxidation – a reaction still very difficult to perform using conventional chemistry – is described. This process is based on a biocatalytic whole cells strategy – using a recombinant E. coli strain overexpressing cyclohexanone monooxygenase (CHMO) – combined with a “two‐in‐one” in situ “substrate feeding and product removal” concept (SFPR) using an adsorbent resin. The most efficient resin out of fourteen tested was used in three types of bioreactors (conventional, recycle and bubble column) that were compared. The best one proved to be the bubble column reactor, where 25 g (0.23 M) of rac ‐bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐one could be totally transformed using a one‐litre vessel with a volumetric productivity of about 1 g L −1 h −1 (i.e., 7.7 mmol L −1 h −1 ). This led to the production of the two corresponding regioisomeric lactones, which were both obtained in excellent enantiomeric purity (ee>98%) and high preparative yield (84%). To our knowledge, these results represent the best example of a (highly productive) preparative scale asymmetric Baeyer–Villiger oxidation.

Yuhua Sheng, Yaokang Wu, Linpei Zhang et al.

Microbial Biotechnology • 2025

ABSTRACT Creatine (CR) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative that plays a key role in cellular energy homeostasis, which has wide‐ranging applications in food and medicine. Currently, the lack of green and sustainable CR biomanufacturing methods has led to reliance on chemical methods for industrial CR synthesis. This study presents a biological approach to synthesising CR using whole‐cell catalysis by engineered Escherichia coli . First, through screening of critical enzymes from different sources and dual‐enzyme co‐expression strategies, arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) from Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis and guanidinoacetate N‐methyltransferase (GAMT) from Mus caroli were introduced to construct the CR biosynthesis pathway, yielding 0.83 g/L CR production. Then, the expression level of GAMT, the critical rate‐limiting enzyme, was optimised by screening the ribosome binding site and N‐terminal coding sequences, resulting in a 92% enhancement of CR production, reaching 1.59 g/L. Next, the endogenous ornithine and methionine cycles were further engineered to boost the synthesis of the precursor guanidinoacetate (GAA) and methyl donor S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM), leading to a 68% increase in CR production, reaching 2.67 g/L. Finally, considering adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is required as a cofactor for SAM biosynthesis, we integrated the reconstitution methionine cycle with a polyphosphate kinase‐based ATP regeneration system, achieving a CR titre of 5.27 g/L with a productivity of 0.22 g/L/h, and the molar conversion of substrate arginine was 71 mol% over 24 h following the engineering process. This study is the first report achieving whole‐cell catalysis of CR production in engineered E. coli with a dual enzyme cascade using arginine as substrate, providing a new platform for CR production and insights into the biosynthesis of high‐value metabolites that rely on ATP consumption.

Mark J. Pallen

Microbial Biotechnology • 2016

Summary Microbial bioinformatics in 2020 will remain a vibrant, creative discipline, adding value to the ever‐growing flood of new sequence data, while embracing novel technologies and fresh approaches. Databases and search strategies will struggle to cope and manual curation will not be sustainable during the scale‐up to the million‐microbial‐genome era. Microbial taxonomy will have to adapt to a situation in which most microorganisms are discovered and characterised through the analysis of sequences. Genome sequencing will become a routine approach in clinical and research laboratories, with fresh demands for interpretable user‐friendly outputs. The “internet of things” will penetrate healthcare systems, so that even a piece of hospital plumbing might have its own IP address that can be integrated with pathogen genome sequences. Microbiome mania will continue, but the tide will turn from molecular barcoding towards metagenomics. Crowd‐sourced analyses will collide with cloud computing, but eternal vigilance will be the price of preventing the misinterpretation and overselling of microbial sequence data. Output from hand‐held sequencers will be analysed on mobile devices. Open‐source training materials will address the need for the development of a skilled labour force. As we boldly go into the third decade of the twenty‐first century, microbial sequence space will remain the final frontier!

Ji‐Won Song, Jung‐Hoo Lee, Uwe T. Bornscheuer et al.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis • 2014

Abstract Biotransformation of long‐chain fatty acids into medium‐chain α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids or ω‐aminocarboxylic acids could be achieved with biocatalysts. This study presents the production of α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids (e.g., C 9 , C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ) and ω‐aminocarboxylic acids (e.g., C 11 , C 12 , C 13 ) directly from fatty acids (e.g., oleic acid, ricinoleic acid, lesquerolic acid) using recombinant Escherichia coli ‐based biocatalysts. ω‐Hydroxycarboxylic acids, which were produced from oxidative cleavage of fatty acids via enzymatic reactions involving a fatty acid double bond hydratase, an alcohol dehydrogenase, a Baeyer–Villiger monooxygenase and an esterase, were then oxidized to α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, AlkJ) from Pseudomonas putida GPo1 or converted into ω‐aminocarboxylic acids by a serial combination of ADH from P. putida GPo1 and an ω‐transaminase of Silicibacter pomeroyi . The double bonds present in the fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid and lesquerolic acid were reduced by E. coli ‐native enzymes during the biotransformations. This study demonstrates that the industrially relevant building blocks (C 9 to C 13 saturated α,ω‐dicarboxylic acids and ω‐aminocarboxylic acids) can be produced from renewable fatty acids using biocatalysis. magnified image

Abebe Tadesse

Microbial journal • 2023

Microbial communities play a pivotal role in shaping various aspects of human health. Understanding the intricate relationship between humans and microorganisms is crucial for advancing our knowledge in microbiology and developing novel therapeutic strategies. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the current research on the impact of microbial communities on human health. It covers a wide range of topics, including the gut microbiome, skin microbiota, oral microbiota, and the role of microorganisms in infectious diseases. The article also highlights emerging research areas such as the microbiome-brain axis and the potential therapeutic applications of manipulating microbial communities. Through a critical analysis of the existing literature, this review aims to contribute to the advancement of microbial research and promote the exploration of new avenues for improving human health.

Adrian John

Microbial journal • 2023

Context: The sporadic introduction of deceased plant and animal matter into soils is pivotal in reincorporating organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) compounds into biogeochemical cycles. The breakdown of animal remains offers a rich reservoir of C and N, stimulating both local environmental microbial communities and introducing external microbes stemming from the carcasses. Nonetheless, the interactions within these blended microbial communities and the respective impacts of environment- and carcass-originating microbes on C and N cycling remain uncertain. To determine whether environment-derived, carcass-derived, or the merged microbial communities exerted a greater influence on C and N cycling, we conducted controlled laboratory experiments mimicking carcass decomposition hotspots by combining carcass decomposition fluids with soils. We selectively sterilized the decomposition fluid and/or soil to remove microbial communities, creating distinct combinations of environment- and carcass-derived communities, and incubated the treatments at three temperatures (around 15, 25, and 35 °C). Findings: Carcass-sourced bacteria persisted in soils in our simulated decomposition scenarios, albeit in modest quantities. Hybrid communities demonstrated increased respiration rates at around 15 and 35 °C compared to singular soil or carcass communities. Interestingly, at higher temperatures, mixed communities exhibited reduced diversity but higher respiration, suggesting functional overlap. Additionally, mixed community treatments furnished evidence that microbes linked with carcasses might play a role in ammonification and denitrification, while nitrification was mainly carried out by indigenous soil organisms. Conclusions: Our investigation yields valuable insights into the dynamics of microbial communities converging during carcass decomposition and their functions in the recycling of carcasses within terrestrial ecosystems.

Michael R. Hoffmann, Bruce C. Faust, Fern A. Panda et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 1981

Different strains of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans were used to catalyze the oxidative dissolution of iron pyrite, FeS 2 , in nine different coal samples. Kinetic variables and parametric factors that were determined to have a pronounced effect on the rate and extent of oxidative dissolution at a fixed Po 2 were: the bacterial strain, the nitrogen/phosphorus molar ratio, the partial pressure of CO 2 , the coal source, and the total reactive surface area of FeS 2 . The overall rate of leaching, which exhibited a first-order dependence on the total surface area of FeS 2 , was analyzed mathematically in terms of the sum of a biochemical rate, ν 1 , and a chemical rate, ν 2 . Results of this study show that bacterial desulfurization (90 to 98%) of coal samples which are relatively high in pyritic sulfur can be achieved within a time-frame of 8 to 12 days when pulp densities are ≤20% and particle sizes are ≤74 μm. The most effective strains of T. ferrooxidans were those that were isolated from natural systems, and T. ferrooxidans ATCC 19859 was the most effective pure strain. The most effective nutrient media contained relatively low phosphate concentrations, with an optimal N/P molar ratio of 90:1. These results suggest that minimal nutrient additions may be required for a commercial desulfurization process.

Wolfgang Stampfer, Klaus Edegger, Birgit Kosjek et al.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis • 2004

Abstract Lyophilised cells of various Rhodococcus spp. were employed in an efficient hydrogen transfer‐like process for the asymmetric bioreduction of heteroaryl methyl ketones using 2‐propanol as hydrogen donor. Besides the genus Rhodococcus , only Mycoplana rubra R14 showed a comparable stability towards elevated concentrations of the co‐substrate 2‐propanol. Among the organisms tested, Rhodococcus ruber DSM 44541 and DSM 43338 showed best activity and selectivity. With these strains, the reaction proceeded with high stereoselectivity (ee>99%) and predictable stereochemical outcome regardless of the nature of the heteroaromatic ring system. The reaction could be performed at the exceptional substrate concentration of up to 0.4 mol L −1 in an environmentally friendly aqueous‐organic solvent mixture at room temperature and is easy to handle, thus providing a very practical tool to access enantiopure 1‐heteroarylethanols.

Bin Gu, Haisheng Xie, Xuehong Zhang et al.

Reaction Chemistry & Engineering • 2019

Cascade reactions, i.e. , biosynthesis of OMPs and chemical modification of hydrophobic OMPs with water-soluble MSG, are carried out successfully by IPTC.

Chukwuemeka Kingsley John, Jaan H. Pu, Rodrigo Moruzzi et al.

Topics in Catalysis • 2024

Abstract Since the building roof acts as hub for atmospheric sediment deposition, the attached microbes can enter rainwater storage tank with ease to cause health issue for rainwater users. This study aims to explore the trend of roof-top deposited microbes in the different areas of Ikorodu local Government Area at Lagos, Nigeria. This paper also tests the hypothesis that the roof sediment deposition being a significant source to home bacteria. The total deposition rate on the roof for 34 weeks, which include 17 rainy and 17 dry weeks, were investigated. The enumerated bacteria was obtained from the roof deposit samples, where four representative different sites have been analysed to study the solid depositions and microbes within the area thoroughly. The sites were selected judging by their levels of sanitation and vegetation rate. The experimental investigations showed that enumerated microbes and total suspended solid (TSS) depositions in the different areas were higher in the dry season compared to rainy season, and the highest deposition was experienced in the Harmattan period. In addition, the results showed that areas with poor drainage infrastructure and poor sanitation have the roof-top deposition with higher bacterial count than good sanitation areas; while the unpaved and unvegetated areas produced higher deposits than the paved and vegetated areas. In terms of contamination sources, this study has illustrated that the particulate deposition on the roof-top prior to collection has further contaminated the roof-harvested rainwater.

Armaan Patel, David W. Mulder, Dieter Söll et al.

Frontiers in Catalysis • 2022

Hydrogen is a clean, renewable energy source, that when combined with oxygen, produces heat and electricity with only water vapor as a biproduct. Furthermore, it has the highest energy content by weight of all known fuels. As a result, various strategies have engineered methods to produce hydrogen efficiently and in quantities that are of interest to the economy. To approach the notion of producing hydrogen from a biological perspective, we take our attention to hydrogenases which are naturally produced in microbes. These organisms have the machinery to produce hydrogen, which when cleverly engineered, could be useful in cell factories resulting in large production of hydrogen. Not all hydrogenases are efficient at hydrogen production, and those that are, tend to be oxygen sensitive. Therefore, we provide a new perspective on introducing selenocysteine, a highly reactive proteinogenic amino acid, as a strategy towards engineering hydrogenases with enhanced hydrogen production, or increased oxygen tolerance.

Haisheng Xie, Wenyu Zhao, Daniel Chikere Ali et al.

Catalysis Science & Technology • 2021

The Pickering emulsion interface is an exceptional habitat for bacteria to grow by simultaneously utilizing hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemicals.

Charles J. Sih, Ching‐Shih Chen

Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English • 1984

Abstract Microbial asymmetric reduction of ketones is a method widely used for the preparation of chiral alcohols. The present progress report deals with the basic concepts that govern enantioselectivity of enzymes and intact cells. Strategies to control the stereochemical course of microbial reductions of carbonyl compounds and the relationship of substrate structure to enantioselectivity are considered.

Julia M. West, Ian G. McKinley, Simcha Stroes-Gascoyne

ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management, Volume 2 • 2009

A detailed assessment of studies of oxidising redox fronts around fractures at depth in otherwise “reducing” environments suggests that the usual explanation, in terms of past disturbances that have resulted in deep penetration of oxidising water, are incompatible with hydrogeological and/or geochemical observations. An alternative hypothesis, microbial catalysis of kinetically slow or hindered reactions involving oxyanions such as sulphate or carbonate, appears potentially more credible. Although still not always taken into account by the geochemical community, the role of microbial metabolism in low temperature geochemistry is supported by the rapidly expanding database on subsurface microbial populations. These populations are demonstrated to be viable and, therefore, could potentially be active at levels close to or below current detection limits in deep geological systems. Indeed, inspection of information available from several analogue studies or repository site characterisation programmes suggests that such activity may explain some of the geochemical anomalies encountered. This paper examines the current (indirect) evidence for microbial redox catalysis in relevant subsurface rock matrix environments and considers the implications that this would have for the development of site understanding — and in particular the identification of factors that may distinguish between different locations during site selection. Further, it examines the wider implications of more extensive roles of microbes in repository systems on the overall post-closure safety case and the need for further focused analogue studies to develop answers to these open questions.

Menno J. Sorgedrager, Fred van Rantwijk, Gjalt W. Huisman et al.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis • 2008

Abstract The biocatalytic reduction of β‐keto esters and some aromatic ketones in the presence of a variety of ketoreductases from different microbial origins was investigated. The prochiral selectivity was generally high and both product enantiomers could be obtained by a proper choice of enzyme. Aromatic ketones reacted slower than the esters but the prochiral selectivity was often high. The organic cosolvent tolerance of these enzymes was rather variable but useful activity could be maintained in a number of cases. Reduction of the oxidized cofactors NAD and NADP, employing 2‐propanol as a sacrificial reductant, was catalyzed by the ketoreductases from Rhodococcus erythropolis and Lactobacillus kefir , respectively.

Chunling Ma, Yuhua Wang, Kun Guo et al.

Catalysis Science & Technology • 2025

This review summarizes state-of-the-art and future development of enzymatic electrosynthesis systems based on multi-enzyme catalysis or coupled with microbial transformation.

Kuldeep Saini, Vinay Mohan Pathak, Arpit Tyagi et al.

Catalysis Research • 2022

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is a multifunctional enzyme that hydrolyzes the <em>α</em>-glycosidic bond between two sugar molecules and synthesizes cyclodextrins (CDs) and other transglycosylation products. It is a ubiquitously present extracellular enzyme that offers the CGTase-producing organism the sole right onto starch substrates over other microbes. The present review provides a brief account of diversity among CGTase-producing microbes, CGTase production in different heterologous hosts (wherein extracellular secretion is highly desired), and different physicochemical properties of CGTases. Overall, 52 crystal structures that highlight the five domain tertiary structure of CGTases have been discovered so far. On the basis of these structures, the catalytic mechanism of CGTase reactions has been discussed, and three catalytic residues, namely Glu257, Asp229, and Asp328, have been identified at the active site in all CGTases. Moreover, the active site is constituted by at least nine sugar-binding sites, denoted as -7 to +2. Furthermore, a sequence alignment of selected CGTases highlighted the conserved regions and the sequential differences among <em>α</em>-CGTases, <em>β</em>-CGTases, and <em>γ</em>-CGTases. Various biotechnological applications of CGTases and CGTase immobilization on a variety of support matrices are briefly discussed. This review also encompasses a detailed account of CDs, their enzymatic production, extraction, and applications in different industrial sectors.

A. Lahiri, Li Yang, Guozhu Li et al.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces • 2019

Zn ion batteries (ZIB) have recently emerged to be a promising and rather cheap alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, the divalent charge of Zn limits the choice of cathode materials, whereas the choice of electrolyte is limited by hydrogen evolution reaction. Polymer cathodes have shown to be promising material for ZIB. In this paper we have studied in detail a Zn/polypyrrole battery in both aqueous and bio-ionic liquid-water mixture electrolytes. From in situ Raman spectroscopy it was observed that in aqueous solution Zn intercalation/deintercalation takes place by a two-step mechanism whereas a single-step mechanism for Zn storage was involved in bio-ionic liquid-water mixture electrolytes. The charge-discharge measurements showed a higher Zn storage capacity in the mixture of bio-ionic liquid-water electrolyte compared to the aqueous electrolyte. However with cycling, a capacity loss was observed. Post analysis of the polymer after cycling showed that a phase transformation has taken place in the polymer with Zn ions trapped in the polymer matrix which decreased the Zn storage capacity. Furthermore, the Zn anode showed formation of Zn nanoflakes from aqueous electrolytes which might lead to dendritic growth, whereas dendrite-free Zn nanoparticles were observed on using the bio-ionic liquid-water electrolyte.

K. Patnaik, Rajashekar Badam, Yueying Peng et al.

Chemical Communications • 2021

Extremely high nitrogen doped carbon was designed by facile pyrolysis of bio-based poly(2,5-benzimidazole) as a single source of nitrogen and carbon. For the first time ever, a carbon-based anode with ∼17 wt% of nitrogen doping with extremely fast charging (XFC) capability at 18.6 A g-1 and ultralong cyclability (3000 cycles) with 90% capacity retention was investigated. Full cell studies also indicated the commercial competence of the novel material.

Meisheng He, Habib Forootan Fard, Khalid Yahya et al.

Sustainability • 2023

Renewable energies are the best solutions to reduce CO2 emissions and supply reliable electricity. This study aims to find the best combination of various components considering economic, environmental, and technical factors together. The most important consideration factors are the limitation of using PV panels due to the land constraints and applying CO2 penalties where diesel generators and the grid are generating electricity. Findings show that providing electricity by hybrid systems would be useful even in the well-provided electricity regions by the grid with the least blackouts. The best combination of the proposed components, including PV, bio generator, diesel generator, batteries, and grid for the case study region where the load demand is 890 kWh/day and peak load is 167.2 kW, would be an off-grid hybrid system including PV, bio generator, diesel generator, and battery. The optimization results show an NPC (present value of the costs of investment and operation of a system over its lifetime) of $1.02 million and a COE (the average cost per capital of useful electricity produced by the system) of 0.188 $/kWh. Finally, due to the showing of the effect of different conditions on the optimization results and making the study usable for other circumstances of the case study region, some sensitivity analyses have been carried out.

O. Togibasa, E. Haryati, K. Dahlan et al.

Journal of Physics: Conference Series • 2019

Bio-battery is a device that generates electricity from organic compounds. However, organic compounds derived from crops should be avoided in order to prevent food shortages. The tropical almond (Terminalia catappa L.) widely known as “ketapang” in Indonesia is considered as potential bio-fuel cells for bio-batteries since it is rich in sugar, a non-crop and grows abundantly in Indonesia. In this study we developed a bio-battery prototype from tropical almond paste. The characterization of this device yields an average open cell voltage of 0.98 ± 0.09 V, and the power curve shows a peak value of 0.25 mW with a stable current lasting up to 2 days while observed when the device was connected to a load of 100Ω. This device may be suitable to apply in rural communities.

Julia Elisabeth Sitanggang, Nur Zahra Latifah, Opi Sopian et al.

Indonesian Journal of Multidiciplinary Research • 2021

This study investigated the effect of the ratio of the electrolyte paste mixture of cassava peel (CP) and pineapple peel (PP) on the voltage and current strength. In the experiments, prior to using, CP and PP biomass waste was cleaned then soaked for 30 minutes. Furthermore, the biomass waste is mashed and put into the test media according to the comparison. In this study, CP/PP compositions were varied with the value of 100: 0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0: 100. The results showed that the highest electrolyte obtained by voltage and current strength with a ratio of 100: 0. The more CP comparisons used, the greater the voltage and strong current. This research is potentially used as one of the renewable alternative energies and can utilize existing biomass waste.

Tugba Ceren Gokoglan, Shyam K. Pahari, Patrick J Cappillino et al.

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2020

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) have been identified as a promising large-scale energy storage technology to enable the transition toward a carbon-neutral electricity grid [1]. Among various types of RFBs, non-aqueous redox flow batteries (NRFBs) have the potential to reach the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, while maintaining the advantages of flow systems, including decoupled power and energy rating and efficient long-duration storage [2]. Despite the potential of this transformative technology, poor active material stability poses a fundamental obstacle to NRFB research progress [3-4]. Furthermore, low active material concentrations negate high theoretical energy densities made possible by the wide electrochemical windows of non-aqueous electrolytes [5]. To simultaneously address these issues, we have recently developed an active material based on a molecule known as Amavadin that is naturally occurring in mushrooms of the Amanita genus. Biosynthesis of this molecule evolved to bind vanadium selectively and with the highest stability ever reported. Synthetic analogs of Amavadin are synthesized in our lab (vanadium(iv) bis-hydroxyiminodiacetate ([VBH] 2- )), using inexpensive reagents, at large scale, with high yield and are implemented as a high-stability scaffold for NRFB development [3]. This study aims to elucidate the electrochemical behavior of the introduced NRFB electrolyte at elevated concentrations using an ultramicroelectrode technique. The general trends of critical redox properties of symmetric, [N XXXX ] 2 [VBH] compounds (x = 1 to 4) are systematically investigated to provide fundamental insight into NRFB electrolyte dynamics. Finally, the performance characteristics of the [VBH]-based electrolytes will be demonstrated using operando flow cell data. References: 1. L. Soloveichik, Chem. Rev., 2015, 115 (20) , 11533-11558. 2. J. Cappillino, H. D. Pratt, N. S. Hudak, N. C. Tomson, T. M. Anderson, M. R. Anstey, Adv. Energy Mater., 2015, 4 (1) , 1300566. 3. Huang, R. Howland, E. Agar, M. Nourani, J. A. Golden, P. J. Cappillino, J. Mater. Chem. A., 2017, 5 , 11586-11591. 4. C. Gokoglan, S. K. Pahari, A. Hamel, R. Howland, P. J. Cappillino, E. Agar, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2019, 166 (10) , A1745-A1751. 5. H. Attanayake, J. A. Kowalski, K. V. Greco, M. D. Casselman, J. D. Milshtein, S. J. Chapman, S. R. Parkin, F. R. Brushett, S. A. Odom, Chem. Mater., 2019, 31 , 4353-4363.

Durgesh Srivastav, Nagesh Devidas Patil, Pravesh Chandra Shukla

SAE Technical Paper Series • 2025

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Electric vehicles (EVs) are gaining popularity due to their zero tailpipe emissions, superior energy efficiency, and sustainable nature. EVs have various limitations, and crucial one is the occurrence of thermal runaway in the battery pack. During charging or discharging condition of battery pack may result in thermal runaway condition. This promotes the requirement of effective cooling arrangement in and around the battery pack to avoid localized peak temperature. In the present work, thermal management of a 26650 Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cell using natural convection air cooling, composite biobased phase change material (CBPCM) and its combination with copper fins is numerically investigated using multi-scale multi dimension - Newman, Tiedenann, Gu and Kim (MSMD-NTGK) battery model in Ansys Fluent at an ambient temperature of 306 K. Natural convection air cooling was found effective at discharge rates of 1C to 3C, maintaining cell temperature below the safe limit of 318 K for 80% DoD. However, the temperatures increased to 321.7 K and 325.4 K for 4C and 5C discharge rates respectively which indicating the inadequacy of natural convection air cooling for high-powered electric vehicles. 4 mm thick layer of CBPCM reduced the average cell surface temperatures to 312.7 K and 314.8 K for 4C and 5C discharge rates, respectively, while the integration of fins further reduced the temperatures to 310.7 K and 311.5 K. This reduction is due to the enhanced latent heat absorption of CBPCM and improved thermal conductivity provided by the fins. Overall, CBPCM combined with fins proved to be a more effective thermal management strategy than natural convection air cooling and standalone CBPCM.</div></div>

Reza Erlangga, Dessy Agustina Sari, Aulia Wahyuningtyas

SINERGI • 2025

Lead ion (Pb2+) contamination from battery industry wastewater affects significant environmental and health risks. This study explored the use of H3PO4-activated water hyacinth (WH) bio-adsorbent as an effective solution for removing Pb2+. The WH bio-adsorbent was prepared by activating dried water hyacinth stems with 1.2 M H3PO4, enhancing adsorption properties. SEM-EDX analysis revealed significant morphological changes, with increased porosity and oxygen-containing functional groups (O-H, C-O-P), which improved adsorption capacity. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.99981), indicating that chemisorption dominated the Pb2+ removal process. Adsorption isotherms firmly fit the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.96), confirming monolayer adsorption on a homogeneous surface. The effect of pH was also investigated, with maximum adsorption efficiency (96.928%) observed at pH 7. FTIR analysis showed changes in functional groups before and after adsorption, confirming the ion exchange mechanism between Pb2+ and the activated bio-adsorbent. The findings suggest that H3PO4 activation increases the surface area and raises the chemical activity of WH, providing new insights into the dual mechanism of physical and chemical modifications for lead removal. This study addresses a critical gap in optimizing adsorbents for heavy metal removal, demonstrating the potential of H3PO4-activated WH for industrial wastewater treatment.

Senthilkumar Baskar, Prabeer Barpanda

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2017

Rechargeable metal-air batteries have emerged as one of the most promising candidates for sustainable energy storage in the near future due to its high energy density [1,2]. In such a context, Lithium-air battery with a very high theoretical energy density (5200 Wh kg -1 ) received some very first attentions, but researchers soon realized that low Li abundance on Earth, poor cyclic stability and high operation overpotential make them not only high costs but also unrealistic in practical applications. More recently, Sodium-air batteries (Na-air) have risen as an effective alternate to Li-air batteries, given the facts that Na-air batteries are much safer and low cost. Na-air battery has several other advantages including low overpotential and high power density, arising from much higher ionic conductivity of Na-ion based solid electrolyte (e.g. Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 ) and high solubility of discharge generated product (i.e. NaOH rather than LiOH) [3,4]. Based on cell design and electrolyte type, Na-air batteries can be classified into two major types: Non-aqueous and Aqueous (or) hybrid batteries [5]. Recent studies have shown that aqueous Na-air batteries hold some edges over non-aqueous systems, including low operation overpotential, higher rate capability, improved energy efficiency, and higher power density. Bifunctional catalysts are prominent to attain high capacity, maximum energy efficiency and long cycle-life for aqueous rechargeable Na-air batteries [6,7]. In this work, we report the synthesis of bifunctional noble metal free, highly porous N-doped graphitic carbon from bio-waste. The highly porous carbon showed higher specific surface area of 994 m 2 g -1 . Electrocatalytic property of the carbon based material was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry with rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE). The N-doped graphitic carbon nanostructures showed better oxygen evolution activity compared to Pt/C catalyst. Highly porous N-doped graphitic carbon was investigated as a potential electrocatalyst for rechargeable hybrid Na-air battery for the first time. The fabricated hybrid Na-air battery with the N-doped graphitic carbon catalyst as air-cathode delivered low overpotential and its round trip energy efficiency reached above ~85 %. The hybrid Na-air battery exhibited stable cycle performance up to 20 cycles. Acknowledgement Author B.S. gratefully acknowledges the DST (SERB), New Delhi, India (PDF/2015/00217) for providing Fellowship. References [1] B. Dunn et al., Science 334(2011)928-935. [2] J. Zhang et al., Nat. Nanotechnol. 10(2015)444-452. [3] S. K. Das et al., J. Mater. Chem. A2(2014)12623-12629. [4] P. G. Bruce et al., Nat. Mater., 11(2012)19-29. [5] K. Hayashi et al., J. Electrochem. Soc., 160(2013)A1467-A1472. [6] J-K. Kim et.al., NPG Asia Materials, 6(2014)e144. [7] B. Senthilkumar et al., J. Power Sources, 311(2016)29-34.

Saeid Bashash, Hosam K. Fathy

Volume 1: Aerial Vehicles; Aerospace Control; Alternative Energy; Automotive Control Systems; Battery Systems; Beams and Flexible Structures; Biologically-Inspired Control and its Applications; Bio-Medical and Bio-Mechanical Systems; Biomedical Robots and Rehab; Bipeds and Locomotion; Control Design Methods for Adv. Powertrain Systems and Components; Control of Adv. Combustion Engines, Building Energy Systems, Mechanical Systems; Control, Monitoring, and Energy Harvesting of Vibratory Systems • 2013

In this effort, we use the generalized Polynomial Chaos theory (gPC) for the real-time state and parameter estimation of electrochemical batteries. We use an equivalent circuit battery model, comprising two states and five parameters, and formulate the online parameter estimation problem using battery current and voltage measurements. Using a combination of the conventional recursive gradient-based search algorithm and gPC framework, we propose a novel battery parameter estimation strategy capable of estimating both battery state-of-charge (SOC) and parameters related to battery health, e.g., battery charge capacity, internal resistance, and relaxation time constant. Using a combination of experimental tests and numerical simulations, we examine and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed battery estimation method.

Dr. Shailendra Kumar Srivastava

International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology • 2021

Abstract: An electrical signal can induce a biological reaction; the reverse in is also true in most of the cases and in this way biological processes can be used to generate electricity for powering electrical equipment. Even though the Bio fuel cells have been known for almost a century since the first microbial BFC(Bio fuel cells) was demonstrated in 1912,the first enzyme-based bio-fuel cell was reported only in 1964 using glucose oxidize (GOx) as the anodic catalyst and glucose as the bio-fuel. a type of battery that uses energy sources such as carbohydrates, amino acids and enzymes from a variety of sources. anode consists of sugar-digesting enzymes and mediator, and the cathode composes of oxygen reducing enzymes and mediator. The mediators in this case are Vitamin K3 for the anode and potassium ferricyanide for the cathode. When sugar is added to the mixture, the anode garners the electrons and hydrogen ions. When the battery generates power, the protons travel to the cathode through the electrolyte to combine with the oxygen to produce water. Since the biocatalysts (enzymes) are very selective catalytically, the miniaturized bio-fuel cell could in principle be fabricated as a membrane-less fuel cell. Keywords: Bio-fuel Cells, Biocatalyst, Glucose Oxides, Enzymes.

Markus Binder, Dominic Bresser

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2025

Lithium-ion batteries have enabled the transition from gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) and the increase in EV sales has risen almost exponentially in the past few years. This impressive success, however, raises also an increasing awareness of sustainability issues – not least with regard to critical elements such as cobalt, commonly comprised in the positive electrode active material, and the use of toxic and harmful solvents for the (positive) electrode preparation. [1–3] Cobalt-free and manganese-rich LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) would provide a viable solution to overcome these issues, especially in combination with the utilization of water-soluble, bio-derived polymers as binders, but the pronounced water-sensitivity and high de-/lithiation potential of LNMO are still hampering the commercial breakthrough. [3–5] Apparently, the key towards overcoming these issues relies on the stabilization of the LNMO|water and LNMO|electrolyte interface, while also the realization of high active material mass loading electrodes provides a great challenge towards the commercialization of such binders. Herein, a comprehensive overview of our activities in this field will be provided, focusing on (i) an in-depth understanding of the processes occurring at the interface with the LNMO particles, (ii) the development of suitable active material and electrode treatments prior to the cell assembly, and (iii) the tailored design of suitable binder compositions that allow for suitable mechanical properties and stable long-term cycling of commercially relevant sized electrodes – in half-cells and graphite║LNMO full-cells. References [1] E. A. Olivetti, G. Ceder, G. G. Gaustad, X. Fu, Joule 2017 , 1 , 229. [2] C. Vaalma, D. Buchholz, M. Weil, S. Passerini, Nature Reviews Materials 2018 , 3 , 18013. [3] D. Bresser, D. Buchholz, A. Moretti, A. Varzi, S. Passerini, Energy Environ. Sci. 2018 , 11 , 3096. [4] B. Aktekin, M. J. Lacey, T. Nordh, R. Younesi, C. Tengstedt, W. Zipprich, D. Brandell, K. Edström, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2018 , 122 , 11234. [5] M. Wentker, M. Greenwood, J. Leker, Energies 2019 , 12 , 504.

Himanshi Jangir, Mainak Das

Research Square • 2022

Abstract Water vapor increases the electrical conductivity of silk cocoons, human hair, jute, and corn silk. This phenomenon is unclear. In the present study, XPS analysis of cocoons showed that water vapor reduces the surface presence of low-energy carbon species (C-C, C-H). In contrast, electron-dense, high-energy carbon species (C-N, C = C, C = O) remained unchanged, possibly enhancing surface charge hopping. While water vapor improves the conduction, the deficiency of charge carrier diminishes the effect. We increase the charge carrier by soaking the cocoon in an aqueous solution of common salt (NaCl) to amplify the current. Salt treatment followed by two-minute exposure to water vapor results in a sharp upward spike in the current (3.6 ± 1.07 mA, n = 12; mean ± SE) from the baseline (0.06 ± 0.02 mA, n = 12). After one hour, it maintains an average value of 0.39 ± 0.12, n = 12) ampere, indicating an upward shift in the baseline. Every time the cocoon charges with water vapor, the next charging cycle initiates after the cocoon dries up. Inspired by the cocoon ecology, we demonstrate an alternating 'water vapor- dry air' cycle for rapid charging and discharging of the cocoon battery. Finally, we designed a prototype of a self-lighting kettle and water-vapor panels for futuristic homes using a 'brine-silk cocoon protein bio-battery,' where moist waste heat generates electricity.

Mark A Allen, Scott J. Riley, Evgenia Barannikova et al.

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2015

Nature has a diverse toolkit that can be utilized to address a broad array of important chemistry related problems. These tools include DNA, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins, each of which have been used for direct applications from sensors to electronics. Proteins represent nature’s most diverse polymer with a range of functionality determined by 20 naturally encoded amino acids. The structure and chemical functionality of each amino acid determine the properties of the polypeptide that they compose. In this presentation I will discuss the use of biomolecules in order to self-organize flexible electrodes for lithium ion batteries. The focus of my group is to identify functional polypeptides for the purpose of improving technologically relevant materials. Our lab uses a technique called phage display in order to identify solid binding polypeptides that are specific for binding to and the mineralization of electroactive materials and use these materials to prepare new lithium ion batteries. Peptides that are identified are then genetically combined with other polypeptides in order to generate multi-functional polypeptides that can then be used to lash together myriad materials into a hierarchically assembled structure. This current work focuses on making these materials more flexible through the addition of bio-molecules.

Mohammed A. Hussein, Alaa A. Alsaffa

BIO Web of Conferences • 2024

In recent years, battery models have become increasingly crucial, particularly with the surge in electric vehicle usage within the transportation sector. Accurate models are essential for assessing battery performance and devising effective battery management systems. Various modeling approaches exist in literature, each carrying its own set of advantages and drawbacks. Typically, more intricate models offer precise results but demand greater computational resources and entail time-consuming, costly laboratory tests for parameter determination. Hence, for first stage assessments and battery managing system designs, models employing simpler parameter documentation procedures are the most viable and suitable options. The presence of a precise battery model within a simulation platform holds immense significance in crafting efficient battery-powered systems. Absolutely! The lithium-ion battery model is a standout option owing to its potential as an energy storage system, particularly for renewable technology applications. This is largely due to its remarkable power compactness and energy storage capabilities.

Mahrine Rashid, Iftilkhar Ahmad, Ashique Muhammad et al.

International Journal of Biological Research • 2020

Research was conducted to quantify the level of copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) contamination in battery industry effluent and to assess the remediation potential of three invasive aquatic macrophytes Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Hydrocotyle umbellata by growing on industrial effluent collected from Lead acid Battery industry.The effluent was heavily contaminated with Pb (10mg/l) and sulphuric acid (pH 2- 2.1). Due to high Pb concentrations and low pH (2-2.2) the plants were unable to survive. Mortality rate of E. crassipes was 96 % while P. stratiotes and H. umbellata were 100% rotten. The experiment was repeated after adjusting the effluent pH to 7-7.5 to increase the plant life.Plant parts and wastewater samples were analyzed after every 3 days interval uptil 21st day. The amount of Cr, Cd and Cu in the effluent was 0.076 mg /L, 0.036 mg /L and 0.097 mg /L, which was in permissible limits of NEQs (1.0 mg/l, 0.1 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l) respectively. Pb was found 10 times higher i.e. 10 mg/l than the permissible limit 0.5 mg/l. E. crassipes removed Pb>Cr>Cu>Cd while P. stratiotes and H. umbellata reduced Cd, Cr, Cu more than Pb from the effluent. E. crassipes was most efficient Pb removing plant in 21 days of experiment. Â

, Atefeh Shafaat

• 2023

Development of wireless sensors and biosensors is currently experiencing a rapid progress with a substantial focus directed toward highlighting their potential applications as non-invasive wearables, implants, and highly mobile point-of-care devices. Integration of wireless biosensors into the Internet of Things (IoT) is widely acknowledged as a technological advancement with the potential to significantly change daily life. To maximize this potential, simple integration of biosensors with wireless communication elements would be advantageous. In this regard, systems functioning in chipless, and battery-less modes outperform integrated circuit (IC) based and battery-powered wireless biosensors. Nevertheless, the accessibility of these wireless designs is still limited. In this study, we present a novel approach where incorporating silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) as a part of the radio frequency (RF) tag antenna enables the realization of simple, chipless, and battery-less wireless sensing of biological oxidation and reduction reactions. We exemplified the mechanism of operation in such systems by electronic wiring of enzymes through direct electron transfer (DET) and microorganisms through mediated electron transfer (MET) to the redox conversion of Ag/AgCl. The wiring was designed to facilitate the transformation of metallic AgNPs into AgCl (Ag → AgCl) or the conversion of AgCl particles back into metallic AgNPs (AgCl → Ag) when the enzymatic/microorganism based electron transfer reactions were present. These reactions occurring on the biosensor RF tag antenna strongly changed the impedance of the tag, which was wirelessly monitored by a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. The functionality of the proposed setup in direct electron transfer coupling of the enzymatic reactions to the redox conversion of the Ag/AgCl was demonstrated by wireless detection of glucose in whole blood samples and hydrogen peroxide penetrated through the skin membrane using the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase(GDH) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Additionally, the capability of the proposed configuration in mediated electron transfer wiring of microorganisms to the Ag/AgCl electrochemistry was shown by wireless monitoring of medically relevant microbial biofilms in simulated wound fluid. Generalizing, the results of this work, for the first time, demonstrated that exploiting Ag/AgCl as a part of the tag antenna allows simple, chipless, and battery-less wireless sensing of biological oxidation and reduction reactions.

• 2017

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This SAE RP provides a set of test methods and practices for the characterization of the properties of Li-battery cathode active material.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is not within the scope of this document to establish criteria for the test results, as these are usually established between the vendor and customer.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is not within the scope of this document to examine the rheological properties of the cathode material in slurry since such properties are influenced by the conductive additive and the solid loading, which are determined through discussion between the manufacturer and user.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is not within the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of cathode materials since these are influenced by electrode design. The committee considers that it is impossible to establish an electrode design that would be appropriate for all cathode active materials.</div></div>

• 2021

<div class="section abstract"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This SAE Recommended Practice provides a set of test methods for characterizing lithium-ion battery electrolytes. These test methods are applicable to existing electrolyte materials and allow different facilities to conduct testing in a common manner.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Solid electrolytes are expected to be commercially used for large scale batteries in the future. However, characterizing solid electrolytes may require methods different from those contained in this document. Such methods are not addressed in this document.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is not within the scope of this document to establish acceptance criteria for test results, as this is usually established between the vendor and customer. It is also not within the scope of this document to examine the electrochemical properties of an electrolyte, since these are influenced by electrolyte composition. In addition, establishing an electrolyte composition appropriate for all applications is not feasible.</div></div>

Xiaobo Jing, Pavel Loskot, Jin Yu

Physical Biology • 2018

Abstract Transcription plays an essential role in gene expression. The transcription bursting in bacteria has been suggested to be regulated by positive supercoiling accumulation in front of a transcribing RNA polymerase (RNAP) together with gyrase binding on DNA to release the supercoiling. In this work, we study the supercoiling regulation in the case of a battery of RNAPs working together on DNA by constructing a multi-state quantitative model, which allows gradual and stepwise supercoiling accumulation and release in the RNAP transcription. We solved for transcription characteristics under the multi-state bursting model for a single RNAP transcription, and then simulated for a battery of RNAPs on DNA with T7 and Escherichia coli RNAP types of traffic, respectively, probing both the average and fluctuation impacts of the supercoiling regulation. Our studies show that due to the supercoiling accumulation and release, the number of RNAP molecules loaded onto the DNA vary significantly along time in the traffic condition. Though multiple RNAPs in transcription promote the mRNA production, they also enhance the supercoiling accumulation to suppress the production. In particular, the fluctuations of the mRNA transcripts become highly pronounced for a battery of RNAPs transcribing together under the supercoiling regulation, especially for a long process of transcription elongation. In such an elongation process, though a single RNAP can work at a high duty ratio, multiple RNAPs are hardly able to do so. Our multi-state model thus provides a systematical characterization of the quantitative features of the bacterial transcription bursting; it also supports improved physical examinations on top of this general modeling framework.

P. Lenz, R. Süssmuth, E. Seibel

Toxicity Assessment • 1989

Abstract The toxicity of some mycotoxins, lactones and dicarboxylic anhydrides, insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides can be detected by means of bacterial assays. In addition, the order of magnitude of the toxicity can also be evaluated. Fifty‐eight chemicals as well as extracts of peanuts, apple juices, and grains have been investigated in a test battery of three different kinds of assays. In cup plate diffusion assays a minimal amount of approximately 0. 1 mg/mL of mycotoxin may be detected by means of growth inhibition assays with Bacillus thuringiensis on one hand, and pigment synthesis inhibition assays with mutants of Serratia marcescens on the other hand. Swarming inhibition assays with the motile strains Azospirillum brasilense and Proteus mirabilis show the same sensitivity. Comparisons of our test battery with other bioassays, as well as with mammalian toxicity tests (LD 50 values), reveal correlations between these kinds of assays in regard to the test substances.

Azhar M Haleem, Ruaa H Abass, Israa M Haleem

International Journal of Advanced Chemistry • 2021

Paper bacterial battery (PBB) is a sustainable source of bioenergy derivate from bacterial activities, paper bacterial battery or microbial fuel cell has unique features like biodegradable, cost- affordable, energy- effectiveness, and environmental sounds beside of complete control by produced energy by increasing the number of folds and can made it in shapes and sizes appropriate for all use and type of devices, which is characterized by high flexibility and wide uses. The current study described in detail the fabrication steps of a simply biodegradable paper battery that mainly composed of a substrate of cellulose, Poly (amic) acid (PAA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as reducing and stabilizing agent, immobilization matrix, for bacterial cells stability, this degradable network provides oxygen-blocking and proton exchange membrane (PEM). The fabricated bacterial battery gave power of 3.5 µW/cm2 and a current quantity of 127 µA/cm2, this generated power can be enhancement by more folding or compacting of the fabricated paper-polymer unit. Â