Jinn‐Chang Wu, Hurng‐Liahng Jou, Pei‐Hsuan Huang

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2020

This study proposes a seven‐level power conversion system for a solar power generation system. This seven‐level power conversion system consists of a DC–DC power converter and a cascade DC–AC inverter. The cascade DC–AC inverter comprises a full‐bridge inverter and a T‐type inverter. The T‐type inverter generates a three‐level quasi‐square‐wave voltage and the full‐bridge inverter provides a three‐level high‐frequency pulse voltage. The amplitude of the three‐level quasi‐square‐wave voltage is double that of the three‐level high‐frequency pulse voltage, so seven levels of AC voltage are synthesized. Only the full‐bridge inverter with lower DC bus voltage uses high‐frequency switching so switching losses are effectively reduced. The novelty of the proposed cascade DC–AC inverter is that the output power of T‐type inverter is controlled by regulating the DC bus voltage, so no real power is supplied from the full‐bridge inverter and an independent power source is not required to provide power to the full‐bridge inverter. The negative terminal voltage for solar cell array keeps almost constant to reduce the leakage current of proposed seven‐level power conversion system. A hardware prototype with a digital signal processor controller is developed to verify the performance of seven‐level power conversion system for a solar power generation system.

Kevin Kails, Quan Li, Markus Mueller

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2019

Stackable power generators enable very compact electric machines with high power density. How to identify an effective way of stacking is necessary and requires new knowledge for future guidance. In this study, both possibilities of stacking modules concentrically and axially are explored and compared. An axial flux generator based on the existing double claw pole design is used as a case study. The claw pole generator, which is modular and stackable, significantly benefits on‐site installation due to its flexible small modules that can be easily transported. This is particularly important to the installation of offshore wind turbines. Superconducting field windings are applied instead of copper in such power generators, which greatly increases their power density. In order to further increase their power density and reduce mass, the authors improved the modularity of 5 MW generators and stacked them in both ways. Results show that the power density versus mass as well as volume can be improved through stacking the modules both concentrically and axially, while the former approach is much more effective. Stacking two modules of 5 MW concentrically results in a 12.1 MW power generator with a more compact structure and higher power density than the original 10 MW generator.

Narayanan Shankar Ganesh, Gunasekaran Uma Maheswari, Tangellapalli Srinivas et al.

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2021

Abstract This paper introduces a novel power generation system using solar energy as a heat source. The proposed cycle incorporates heat sources from two solar collectors for the effective utilisation of heat energy. To aid the performance of the proposed system, the turbine flow rate is increased with the specific heater arrangements. Energy and exergy balances of the novel system were generated using Python software. The investigation of the present system was evaluated with high sink temperature. Turbine inlet concentration, turbine inlet pressure, HE 4 outlet temperature from the turbine, condenser concentration of ammonia, isentropic efficiency of the turbine and pressure ratio are the design variables considered for the exergy and thermoeconomic investigation. The energy and exergy analyses resulted in suitable design variables to optimise the performance. The optimum Kalina cycle efficiency, solar plant efficiency, exergy efficiency and network output were determined to be 18.51%, 8.28%, 34.51% and 295.24 kW, respectively. Among the components involved in the system, the mixers account for the highest exergy destruction followed by the turbine. The cycle performance can be improved by reducing the exergy destruction rate. The thermal efficiency is maximised by the turbine inlet pressure and temperature. Moreover, a higher relative cost difference has resulted in heat exchanger 5 and pump 2.

Peter Regner, Katharina Gruber, Sebastian Wehrle et al.

• 2021

<p>US Wind power generation has grown significantly over the last decades, driven by more and larger turbines being installed. However, less is known about how other factors affect the expansion of wind power. In this study, we use historical wind power generation time series, data on installed wind turbines and wind speed time series from the ERA5 data set to quantify driving factors of the growth of US wind power generation. By use of index-decomposition techniques and a regression analysis, we show how different factors affect the output of wind power generation in the US. These include changes in the number of installed turbines, average swept area, park efficiency, location choice, and hub height. Based on this, we discuss potential consequences for the future expansion of wind energy. As expected, the total rotor swept area is responsible for the largest part of the increase in generated power, due to a larger number of installed turbines and larger rotor sizes in particular. Unexpectedly, turbine efficiency slightly declined in the last decades. Wind speeds available to wind turbines have slightly increased. This is a result of larger hub heights, but also of new wind turbines being installed at windier locations.</p>

Cheng Liu, Guowei Cai

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2019

With regards to the problems in which the power‐oscillation characteristics of power systems with high penetration of renewable power generation are complex and difficult to effectively analyse, a novel network virtual‐inertia method is proposed to evaluate the power oscillation in such systems. Firstly, the network virtual inertia is defined and developed. Secondly, the network virtual inertia is calculated and obtained based on the measurement information. Thirdly, the relationship between the network virtual inertia and generator inertia is constructed. Finally, the network virtual inertia of power systems with high penetration of renewable power generation is analysed. The evaluation method is effective and easy to implement. Simulations involving four‐generator two‐area containing renewable power generation were conducted under various disturbances to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Farrukh Hafeez

• 2023

This paper is all about generating electricity when people walk on the Floor. Think about the forces you exert which is wasted when a person walks. The idea is to convert the weight energy to electrical energy The Power Generating floor intends to trans- late the kinetic energy to the electrical power. Energy Crisis is the main issue of world these days. The motto of this research work is to face this crisis somehow. Though it won’t meet the requirement of electricity but as a matter of fact if we are able to design a power generating floor that can produce 100W on just 12 steps, then for 120 steps we can produce 1000 Wattand if weinstall such type of 100 floors with this system then it can produce 1MegaWatt. Which itself is an achievement to make it significant

Jinn‐Chang Wu, Kuen‐Der Wu, Hurng‐Liahng Jou et al.

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2014

A seven‐level active power conditioner (SLAPC) used to inject the real power of the clean power source into the grid is proposed in this study. This SLAPC is composed of a four‐level DC–DC power converter and a full‐bridge inverter. The four‐level DC–DC power converter converts the output voltage of the clean power source into a four‐level pulse voltage. The full‐bridge inverter is switched at low frequency and synchronised with the utility voltage and the output voltage of SLAPC is a seven‐level AC voltage. Accordingly, the switching power loss, harmonic distortion and electromagnetic interference caused by the switching operation of power electronic switches are reduced because of the four‐level in the DC side and the seven‐level in the AC side of the full‐bridge inverter. In addition, the proposed SLAPC acts as an active power filter that filters out the harmonic current of the load, so the utility current of the proposed SLAPC is a sinusoidal current and in phase with the utility voltage. A hardware prototype is developed to verify the performance of the proposed SLAPC. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed SLAPC is as expected.

Xiurong Zhang, Shaoqian Fan, Daoliang Li

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2025

Abstract The large‐scale integration of new energy generation into the power transmission network introduces uncertainty and fluctuations, posing a threat to the secure operation of the transmission network. Modelling and analysing the uncertainty in photovoltaic (PV) generation is essential. This paper introduces a method for generating scenarios for centralized PV station based on spectral normalization generative adversarial networks (SNGAN). Data‐driven scenario generation methods, with generative adversarial networks (GAN) as representatives, are commonly used today to analyse the uncertainty of new energy generation. In addressing the uncertainty of centralized PV power generation, this paper introduces SNGAN, makes improvements to the discriminator, enhances training stability, and generates PV power generation scenarios. The incorporation of spectral normalization as a regularization technique contributes to the stability and convergence of the proposed GAN model. The effectiveness of the selected method is validated through comparisons with actual data.

Edwin Polido, James P. Ulery, Francis A. Di Bella

ASME 2005 Power Conference • 2005

Off shore wind turbine farms are becoming more popular as the efficiency and per unit cost of the systems become more economical. Wave power generating systems have been conceptualized for centuries but only relatively recently, since the 1970’s, has private and public financial support been forthcoming to provide some model and full-scale testing. Northeastern University researchers are studying the integration of these two technologies. The objective is to reduce the combined cost per kW for the power generating system by accomplishing two distinct improvements: 1. sharing the electrical and civil engineering systems that are common to the integrated design, and 2. storing the ocean wave energy for use later when the wind energy is not sufficient to produce maximum wind turbine power. Several new concepts for wave power generation and storage are identified in the process. This paper will describe the current research at Northeastern University and the preliminary designs for the integrated wind turbine generator and wave power system using state-of-the-art wind turbines and air expander systems.

Sachin Tiwari, Seema Kewat, Bhim Singh et al.

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2021

Abstract In this paper, a battery‐supported unified power quality controller (UPQC) for a small hydro‐based isolated power generation is investigated as a voltage and frequency controller. The self‐excited squirrel cage induction generator driven by constant power prime mover (small hydro turbine) has unacceptable voltage, frequency and power quality under non‐linear loads. The battery‐supported UPQC‐based voltage controlled‐voltage source converter is designed, modelled and simulated in MATLAB environment. Here UPQC has series and shunt converters with a battery and it is used to feed the local loads. This small distributed power generation system is capable to feed unbalanced non‐linear loads because a shunt converter is used to take care the compensation of unbalanced loads and it always maintains the source currents balanced and sinusoidal. Moreover, a series converter is used to inject the series voltages in the self‐excited squirrel cage induction generator terminals to regulate the common coupling point voltage during unbalanced non‐linear loads. Performance of a battery‐supported UPQC is also validated experimentally using a laboratory prototype of a 3.7 kW, 230 V, 50 Hz capacitor excited induction generator.

Wenjuan Du, Xiao Chen, Haifeng Wang

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2018

The authors study the modal condition, under which the sub‐synchronous oscillations (SSOs) may be caused by the grid integration of a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) in a power system. The study is conducted by using a closed‐loop interconnected model of the power system with the PMSG, which consists of a PMSG subsystem and a subsystem of the remainder of power system (ROPS). The modal condition is the nearness of an SSO mode of open‐loop PMSG subsystem to an SSO mode of open‐loop ROPS subsystem on the complex plane. It is named as the open‐loop modal coupling (OLMOC). The study shows that when the OLMOC takes place, strong sub‐synchronous interactions (SSIs) are induced by the PMSG and may very likely decrease the damping of SSOs in the power system. A formula to approximately evaluate the degree of damping decrease caused by the OLMOC is derived in this study. Hence, the mechanism of why the PMSG may jeopardize power system stability is revealed from the viewpoint of open‐loop modal condition. Study cases are displayed to confirm the analytical investigation. They indicate that the growing torsional SSOs and the SSIs between the PMSGs take place when the OLMOC occurs.

Hideyuki Aoki, Yohsuke Matsushita, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto et al.

2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2002

A wood chip combustion behavior in a turntable type moving bed combustor is numerically analyzed in order to understand the fundamental combustion behavior in the combustor. An experiment is also carried out to compare the experimental data with numerical results and estimate the performance of the numerical analysis. Wood is used as building materials in most countries, and wooden house is the most popular in Japan. In some countries such as Japan, the period of durability of wooden house is for several decades because of high humidity and warm weather. A great amount of wooden waste is disposed and buried every year. From a viewpoint of effective use of energy, these kind of wooden wastes should be converted to valuable source of energy by efficient combustion operation. It is however difficult to operate the wooden waste conversion system because this waste includes other material such as plastics, plaster board, stone and soil. These kinds of intermingled material cannot be separated easily from wooden waste. In this study, we develop the turntable type moving bed combustor which effectively discharges the intermingled material from the combustor. We also develop the numerical model for the analysis of the combustor. The turbulent gas flow in the combustor is described by k-ε two-equation model and a momentum exchange between gas and moving bed of wood chip is considered. A solid phase is assumed to be a Newtonian fluid. Gas and solid phase temperature are calculated with considering convective and radiative heat transfers. Devolatilization reaction of wood is calculated by a first order chemical reaction model. Chemical reactions of gas and solid surface are also calculated with considering both chemical and gas film diffusion rates. Governing equations above-mentioned are simultaneously solved by control volume method. The geometry of the combustor is 470 mm in diameter and 1,500 mm in height. The combustion air is introduced tangentially from side wall. Wood chip is fed by screw feeder from side wall. Wood chip feed rate is 50 kg/hr, initial temperature of wood chip is 293 K and air ratio is 1.2. Numerical results are fairly in good agreement with experimental data. High temperature and low oxygen gas which contains unburned CO near centerline region of the combustor is observed in both experimental and numerical results. The mixing promotion of this fuel containing gas and oxygen rich gas near sidewall region is a problem of the development of efficient energy conversion system. This combustor would be one of the heat sources for a steam-driven electric power plant utilizing wooden waste as the source of fuel in local area.

Yoichi Tone, Kunihiko Mouri

2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2002

For the near future business application, the new idea of the distributed energy network system is proposed to secure lower cost and highly reliable power and heat supply system for the limited local area such as high energy density urban area. In Japan, tariff of the electric power is same for urban consumers and rural consumers under the present power law. However the wave of the power deregulation may affect to small business users and home users and the free-market of power purchase may emerge in public domain. Towards the realization of the future active power market, the new idea is created to promote the intelligent distributed power generation systems and heat utilization systems using the Internet application and local energy network construction. This system has been discussed in the consortium, consisting of Nagoya University, Gas Company, Power utility, Trade Company, IT Company etc since May 2000. The idea of the proposed eL-power network system is to supply necessary power and heat to the only customers in the high energy density area like near the railway station using energy management by mean of the Internet technologies.

Alexander I. Kalina

1983 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers • 1983

A new thermodynamic energy cycle has been developed, using a multicomponent working agent. Condensation is supplemented with absorption, following expansion in the turbine. Several combined power systems based on this cycle have been designed and cost-estimated. Efficiencies of these new systems are 1.35 to 1.5 times higher than the best Rankine Cycle system, at the same border conditions. Investment cost per unit of power output is about two-thirds of the cost of a comparable Rankine Cycle system. Results make cogeneration economically attractive at current energy prices. The first experimental installation is planned by Fayette Manufacturing Company and Detroit Diesel Allison Division of General Motors.

Akshay Kumar, Gauri Shankar

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2018

In recent years, power utilities have witnessed increase in penetration of tidal power generation plant (TPGP) into the power system network and, hence, it may collaborate with conventional units in frequency regulation process to ensure power system stability. Therefore, this study presents a method to monitor the participation of TPGP in load frequency control mechanisms in the presence of conventional unit such as diesel power generation plant. The participation of TPGP is showcased based on primary frequency control topologies such as by producing additional inertia, additional damping along with the concept of deloading operation. These approaches are realised by employing conventional controllers to obtain required power (corresponding to different loading conditions) from TPGP by manipulating the kinetic energy of the rotating mass of tidal turbine blades. For better performance and improved stability of the system, the controller parameters are optimised using quasi‐oppositional harmony search algorithm (QOHSA). The effectiveness of QOHSA is proved by comparing the results obtained by it to those yielded by employing other existing state‐of‐the‐art optimisation methods. The prospective analysis is validated in single‐area and two‐area hybrid power system models through MATLAB simulation studies.

Gary W. Bostick, Russ Tinkham

1989 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers • 1989

Public Service Company of Oklahoma (PSO) operates a combined cycle, Westinghouse PACE generating station which was commissioned in 1972. The plant consists of two Westinghouse 501B6 gas turbines, two heat recovery steam generation units with afterburners, and a single 120MW steam turbine generator. PSO made the decision to upgrade the complete plant control with a state-of-the-art triple modular redundant control system, designed to provide entire control of the generating station. The paper describes the overall retrofit project, from project conception and justification through installation, commissioning and operating results.

Niina Helistö, Juha Kiviluoma, Hannele Holttinen

IET Renewable Power Generation • 2018

This study presents the potential role of thermal power generation in a future power system with high shares of variable generation while considering different sources of demand side flexibility such as heat pumps and heat storages in district heating, demand response from industries and electric vehicles. The study was carried out using a generation planning model combined with a unit commitment and economic dispatch model. The results from the planning model show a strong shift away from combined cycle gas turbines to open cycle gas turbines and gas engines as the share of wind power and solar photovoltaic increases. Demand side flexibility measures pushed this trend further. The results from the unit commitment and economic dispatch model demonstrate that the flexibility measures decrease the ramping frequency of thermal units, while the ramp rates of thermal units remain largely unchanged or increased. This indicates that the flexibility measures can cover smaller ramps in the net load more cost‐effectively but that thermal power plants are still valuable for larger ramps. Impacts on emissions and electricity prices are also explored.

John A. Charest, Sarah Witt

2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2003

Deterioration of components and structures at power generating facilities has caused unscheduled plant outages, personnel safety concerns, and significant impact on operating budgets. However, a new technology is now available that can increase the usable life of components and structures, while significantly reducing the economic burden normally associated with repair or replacement options. This technology, known as “Fiber Reinforced Polymers” or FRP, utilizes carbon fibers and high strength epoxy resins to restore or enhance the structural and or pressure boundary capacity of plant equipment and structures. This technology utilizes the high strength of the carbon fibers to add additional structural capacity to the existing member. This is accomplished through the superior adhesive bond provided by the epoxy. The design determines the orientation of the fibers to add strength in the direction of static and dynamic loading conditions. The repairs to the affected items are performed in-place and completed during relatively short durations. Small crews perform the work and can do internal strengthening with access through only a manhole. Power generation facilities and electrical transmission/distribution networks have typically shunned the use of composite materials to rehabilitate structures or components. The technology and engineering associated with FRP repair methods provides an effective mechanism to rehabilitate piping, pumps, heat exchangers, water boxes, structural shapes and numerous other items while minimizing the cost typically associated with direct replacement.

J. S. Halow

1985 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers • 1985

The U.S. Department of Energy is currently sponsoring a variety of projects aimed at developing advanced systems for power generation using coal gasification as the central conversion process. These systems include both gas turbines and fuel cells as power generating devices and emphasize hot gas cleanup for equipment protection and environmental control from coal contaminants. Gasification projects in the DOE program cover a range of scales from laboratory investigations to PDU scale plants. Fundamental studies of gasification reactions, ash chemistry, transport processes, and modeling are being conducted to uncover potential improvements that may be made to gasification processes and to ways of reducing cleanup burdens on downstream equipment. Several PDU scale projects are being sponsored to further promising processes. Gas stream cleanup emphasize hot control of particulates, sulfur, alkali, and trace species which may damage power generation equipment. A systems approach has been adopted in formulating strategies for these programs. This approach and brief description of projects in gasification and cleanup will be presented.

Russ Garrity

2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2002

To be competitive in a “deregulated” market, power plant workers must be better qualified and more versatile than ever. Regardless of his or her area of expertise (operations, craft maintenance, plant controls, or other), tomorrow’s plant worker must be better skilled than ever before. Regardless of plant design, fuel type, or loading schedules, the defining difference in plant performance resides in the people who operate, maintain, and manage the plant. Whether it’s how they respond to abnormal operating conditions, how conscientious they are with plant chemistry, or how well they test and maintain critical components; it’s people, not equipment that make the difference between a well run facility and one with never ceasing problems. According to industry statistics, power generation facilities will loose between 30% and 50% of their most experienced workers over the next five years. This means that the people who hold the “tribal knowledge” of your facility will be leaving in the not too distant future. Furthermore, the availability of a trainable labor pool to replace the “Boomers” is in very short supply and difficult to recruit.

Steven J. Bossart

1989 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers • 1989

The Morgantown Energy Technology Center (METC) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is actively sponsoring research to develop coal-based power generation systems that use coal more efficiently and economically and with lower emissions than conventional pulverized-coal power plants. Some of the more promising of the advanced coal-based power generation systems are shown in Figure 1: pressurized fluidized-bed combustion combined-cycle (PFBC), integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC), and direct coal-fueled turbine (DCFT). These systems rely on gas turbines to produce all or a portion of the electrical power generation. An essential feature of each of these systems is the control of particles at high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions. Particle control is needed in all advanced power generation systems to meet environmental regulations and to protect the gas turbine and other major system components. Particles can play a significant role in damaging the gas turbine by erosion, deposition, and corrosion. Erosion is caused by the high-speed impaction of particles on the turbine blades. Particle deposition on the turbine blades can impede gas flow and block cooling air. Particle deposition also contributes to corrosive attack when alkali metal compounds adsorbed on the particles react with the gas turbine blades. Incorporation of HTHP particle control technologies into the advanced power generation systems can reduce gas turbine maintenance requirements, increase plant efficiency, reduce plant capital cost, lower the cost of electricity, reduce wastewater treatment requirements, and eliminate the need for post-turbine particle control to meet New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for particle emissions.

Kunio Yoshikawa

2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2002

An innovative small-scale gasification system for solid wastes is proposed which is known as STAR-MEET system. In this system, a fixed-bed pyrolyzer combined with a high temperature reformer using high temperature steam/air mixture is employed. From the experimental results using rubber chips as a fuel, it has been demonstrated that injection of high temperature steam/air mixture into the pyrolysis gas effectively decomposes tar and soot components in the pyrolysis gas into CO and H2, and almost dust and tar free clean reformed gas can be generated. The STAR-MEET system requires high temperature steam/air generator, and a 900C class metallic type compact heat exchanger has been successfully developed. This gasification system generates low BTU gas from solid wastes. Thus power generation experiments using a dual fueled (light oil gas and low BTU gas) small diesel engine were done using a simulated low BTU gas produced from natural gas diluted with nitrogen. Compared with light oil only driven, dual fueled engine shows similar thermal efficiency while significantly low NOx emission. Finally, power generation experiments using a complete STAR-MEET plant has been successfully done. These results demonstrates small-scale gasification and power generation system using solid wastes is quite feasible.

Sridhar Poduri

2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference • 2003

Power plays a great role in our daily life aiding in diverse activities such as industry, agriculture, transport etc. Power provides our homes with light and heat. The living standard and prosperity of a nation vary directly with increase in use of power. In short, “Power is the power of a nation”. As Technology advances, the consumption of power is steadily increasing. This necessitates two main options for the scientific community. They are: 1. Search for new sources of energy. 2. Devise new and effective ways of producing energy. A new and efficient method of utilization of energy should satisfy the following conditions: 1. It should be technologically feasible for usage in varying conditions. 2. It should be economically viable. 3. It should show a marked increase in performance over the systems currently under use. 4. It should be reliable and flexible. Since the advent of industrialization coal has been the most predominant form of fuel under use and will probably remain so for a few more decades to come. The whole world depends heavily on the energy obtained from coal. The known reserves of coal, a fossil fuel may not last forever. Hence the imperative to develop efficient methods of burning coal, thus decreasing fuel wastage and various losses associated with the other systems of burning coal. Fluidized Bed Combustion (FBC) has attracted international attention as an alternative coal fired technology for the future. In addition to its potential advantages in the area of boiler performance and pollution control, it also provides considerable fuel flexibility. This has opened doors to the use of unconventional fuels which otherwise would not have been possible to be utilized for steam generation. Amongst these are high ash and high sulfur coals that are abundantly available throughout the world. This report covers the operating experience at the Power Block of Coastal Papers Ltd., a member company of the AP Paper Mills Ltd., India during the period Jan 2001 and June 2001 on the 36 t/h atmospheric fluidized bed boiler supplied by M/S Cethar Vessels Ltd., India. This report covers the details the boiler setup, water treatment, boiler operation, turbo generator, and the various plant characteristics. India has an estimated 112 billion tones of coal reserves and 40% of it contains more than 32% ash. The state of Bihar has around 1185 million tones of low volatile coal and the state of Assam has about 2500 million tones of high sulphur coal.

H. Ezzat Khalifa

1983 Joint Power Generation Conference: GT Papers • 1983

The paper presents a preliminary technical and economic assessment of a combined cycle in which the bottoming cycle is fed both by the exhaust energy from a combustion engine topping loop and by moderate-temperature energy from a geothermal resource. It is shown that this arrangement offers significant performance and economic advantages over the separate utilization of the two energy inputs. A gas-turbine-topped dual pressure toluene bottoming system matched to a 300 F (∼150 C) hydrothermal resource can produce 10 to 20% more power than would be obtained from two separate plants; a conventional flash or binary power plant for the geothermal fluid, and a 35%-efficient combustion power plant for the oil or natural gas burned in the topping loop. The superior performance of the hybrid plant results in a commensurate reduction in the cost of electricity.

Ashish Ranjan, Jayanti Choudhary

Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage • 2024

In recent days, the integration of the grid-connected load system with hybrid renewable energy system (HY-RES) to improve reliability and reduce losses are cheered. In order to satisfy the requirement of the load demand, the HY-RES is incorporated with the grid-connected load which leads to the power quality (PQ) problems in the system. Hence, the UPQC based HPSO-GWO are proposed in this paper. With the utilization of the UPQC device, the PQ issues are minimized by satisfy the load need in the HY-RES system to solve the PQ issues is the major goal of this work. To mitigate the PQ issues, the HPSO-GWO optimization algorithm with an inverter for SAPF and SH-APF is introduced to enhance the UPQC’s performance. HY-RES is originally built in this study with a PV system, WT, and BESS, all of which are connected to the load system. The load is connected to the system to produce PQ difficulties in order to examine the suggested technique's presentation. With the help of the HY-RES system, PQ problems are minimized and load demand is reimbursed. The proposed method has been implemented in the MATLAB/Simulink platform, and its results have been evaluated. In this paper, for validating the performance of the proposed technique, three various cases such as sag, swell, and fluctuation is analyzed. In addition, the total harmonic distortion (THD) is analyzed. Furthermore, the suggested strategy is compared to existing methods such as GWO and PSO algorithms to prove the proposed technique is superior to existing techniques.

Suwarno Suwarno

Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage • 2023

Medan has a tropical climate and has the potential to support additional renewable energy, one of which is wind energy. Analysis of wind speed in Medan in particular has not been conducted to determine the potential for renewable energy. Research on wind speed in Medan, which ranges from 3.5 m/s to 7.5 m/s, has been carried out, but its potential has not been analyzed and evaluated. This study was conducted to analyze the shape factor and scale for wind speed using the Weibull and Rayleigh distribution, and three evaluation models were proposed, namely the correlation coefficient (R2), chi-square (ꭓ2), and root mean square error (RMSE). Wind speed data that is used to analyze and evaluate obtained from the meteorology, climatology, and geophysics agency for a period of three years, 2017 to 2019 in Medan. The probability density distribution function (Pdf) is described based on the shape (k) and scale (c) parameters obtained from the above data analysis. These two parameters are very important to be observed related to the potential of electrical energy produced in a place or area. The analysis result shows that Weibull is better than Rayleigh distribution based on Pdf. Meanwhile statistical analysis, Weibull distribution is better than Rayleigh distribution based on R2. But on the other hand, the Rayleigh distribution is better than the Weibull distribution based on chi-square and RMSE. In addition to the analysis and evaluation, the potential for wind energy to be obtained is around 79.5 Watt/m2.

Mohamed Ali Moussa, Ahmed Derouazin, Maamar Latroch et al.

Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage • 2023

This work proposes to a novel economic smart strategy energy flow management system based on multiples inputs and outputs fuzzy logic technic applied for hybrid photovoltaic solar panels with wind turbine and storage system, assisted by the electric grid. A priority order is given to the renewable and storage energy sources allowing a non- interrupted energy supply for typical dwelling consuming up to 4,000 Wh per day. This system is governed by an Arduino 2560 mega microcontroller where has been implemented the core fuzzy logic program with event display. A sizing of the hybrid system and parametric study of the system and simulation are performed in order to highlight the proposed control strategy to finally guarantee a continuous home accommodation. The preliminary results concern the electronic switches output control signals, which convey the energy via single-phase DC/AC inverter to power the alternative current load for accommodation.

Sohang Kundu, Reshmi Dani, Nancy Makri

The Journal of Chemical Physics • 2022

We report fully quantum mechanical simulations of excitation energy transfer within the peripheral light harvesting complex (LH2) of Rhodopseudomonas molischianum at room temperature. The exciton–vibration Hamiltonian comprises the 16 singly excited bacteriochlorophyll states of the B850 (inner) ring and the 8 states of the B800 (outer) ring with all available electronic couplings. The electronic states of each chromophore couple to 50 intramolecular vibrational modes with spectroscopically determined Huang–Rhys factors and to a weakly dissipative bath that models the biomolecular environment. Simulations of the excitation energy transfer following photoexcitation of various electronic eigenstates are performed using the numerically exact small matrix decomposition of the quasiadiabatic propagator path integral. We find that the energy relaxation process in the 24-state system is highly nontrivial. When the photoexcited state comprises primarily B800 pigments, a rapid intra-band redistribution of the energy sharply transitions to a significantly slower relaxation component that transfers 90% of the excitation energy to the B850 ring. The mixed character B850* state lacks the slow component and equilibrates very rapidly, providing an alternative energy transfer channel. This (and also another partially mixed) state has an anomalously large equilibrium population, suggesting a shift to lower energy by virtue of exciton–vibration coupling. The spread of the vibrationally dressed states is smaller than that of the eigenstates of the bare electronic Hamiltonian. The total population of the B800 band is found to decay exponentially with a 1/e time of 0.5 ps, which is in good agreement with experimental results.

Silky Bedi, S M Rose, Sharmistha Sinha

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) • 2024

Abstract Biomaterials with self-assembly, genetic tunability, self-healing, and biocompatibility hold promise for next-generation electronics. This study explores disc-like shell proteins from bacterial microcompartments as photovoltaic materials. These self-assembling proteins exhibit semiconducting properties, including a low work function and non-linear I-V behavior. Notably, under UV light, they generate significant photocurrent without external voltage, demonstrating efficient electron transfer. Electron conduction occurs via tunneling, enabled by distinct electron-rich surface regions. High responsivity and quantum efficiency outperform prior protein-based systems, emphasizing their potential in photocurrent and light-harvesting applications. Genetic mutations revealed a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanism, where tyrosine residues strategically positioned near proton abstraction sites enhance photocurrent generation. This study highlights the innovative capabilities of shell proteins for energy-efficient devices and demonstrates how genetic engineering can further optimize biomaterial performance, paving the way for sustainable electronic applications.

Ruchi Tyagi, Shaikh Shamser Ali, Suresh Vishwakarma

Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage • 2024

Energy conservation measures are the practices to use less energy to reduce both costs and the environmental impact. They include using less electricity, gas, or any other form of energy that we get from our utility at a price. Training plays a critical role in educating energy users to practice conservation measures. The paper includes two case studies at two different facilities on air-conditioning applications to measure the impacts of low-cost energy conservation measures (LCECM) training transfer in actual operations. The impact was measured at both locations by reducing the air-conditioning running hours and increasing the set temperature without compromising the occupant's comfort level. As per international performance measurement and verification (IPMV) protocol A, data analysis was done using a formula to determine the quantum of savings. IPMVP outputt were checked further using a t-test using SPSS software. Results indicated a cumulative impact on energy conservation, environment, and cost of importing fossil fuel. Limitations include energy conservation measurements made with limited facilities and respondents' restrictions.

Giridhar S Nagali, N Samanvita, Vasudha Hegde et al.

Intellectual Journal of Energy Harvesting and Storage • 2024

The concept of flywheel storing energy in a spinning object is very old, potter’s wheel, ancient turbines made of wood which were immersed in a river to get the turbine spinning from the flowing water of the river, modern flywheels were initiated over 100 years ago, they were solely used to keep machinery running smoothly from cycle to cycle, power plants use flywheels in their steam turbines, steam engines use flywheels, hydro power plants use flywheel in the form of hydro turbines, internal combustion engines use them, they are used to supply a surge of energy for particle accelerators. The proposed device employs a system by which rotational energy i.e., kinetic energy of an object having large moment of inertia is stored converted to electrical energy, this is intended for electricity generation application by discharge kinetic energy stored in the flywheel, the device works by charging the flywheel i.e., spinning the flywheel to a defined rpm, the flywheel will rotate so that the electrical energy is transformed into mechanical energy and stored in it then discharging the flywheel i.e., using up the stored kinetic energy in the flywheel to generate electricity via a generator

Jinxiao Zhang, Haili Liu, Ya Wang

Volume 2: Modeling, Simulation and Control; Bio-Inspired Smart Materials and Systems; Energy Harvesting • 2016

In this paper, a self-supported power conditioning circuit is developed for a footstep energy harvester, which consists of a monolithic multilayer piezoelectric stack with a force amplification frame to extract electricity from human walking locomotion. Based on a synchronized switch energy harvesting on inductance (SSHI) interface and a peak detector topology, the power conditioning circuit is designed to optimize the power flow from the piezoelectric stack to the energy storage device under real-time human walking excitation instead of a simple sine waveform input, as reported in most literatures. The unique properties of human walking locomotion and multilayer piezoelectric stack both impose complications for circuit design. Three common interface circuits, e.g. standard energy harvesting (SEH) circuit, series-SSHI and parallel-SSHI are compared in experiments to find which one is the best suit for the real-time-footstep energy harvester. Experimental results show that the use of parallel-SSHI circuit interface produces 85% more power than the SEH counterpart, while the use of series-SSHI circuit demonstrates the similar performance in comparison to the SEH interface. The reasons for such a huge efficiency improvement by using the parallel-SSHI interface are detailed in this paper.

Tee Hui Teo, Chiang Liang Kok, Xianlong Zhang et al.

The Challenges of Energy Harvesting • 2025

Energy harvesting technologies are driving sustainable innovations across various domains, from wearable devices to advanced satellite positioning systems. This chapter highlights transformative projects showcasing the potential of energy harvesting. The energy harvesting combat boot exemplifies the ability to convert kinetic energy from human motion into electrical power, enabling operations such as satellite positioning without external batteries. Advanced wearable devices, including global positioning system (GPS)-integrated systems, illustrate how energy harvesting supports efficient navigation and tracking. Emerging methods like triboelectric and piezoelectric harvesters, alongside cutting-edge materials such as carbon nanotubes, demonstrate scalable solutions for low-power applications. Innovations in satellite energy systems, such as thermoelectric generators and hybrid designs, further extend the versatility of energy harvesting by converting ambient energy into usable power for communication and navigation. Despite challenges like intermittent energy sources and integration complexities, these advancements underscore the critical role of energy harvesting in achieving autonomy, efficiency, and environmental sustainability.

Moslem Forouzesh, Mohsen Hossein Zadeh

The Challenges of Energy Harvesting • 2025

This chapter explores the integration of energy-harvesting techniques in wireless communication systems, focusing on two prominent methods: radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting and visible light communication (VLC) energy harvesting. RF energy harvesting leverages ambient electromagnetic waves from sources such as cellular networks, Wi-Fi, and television broadcasts to convert RF signals into usable electrical energy, providing a sustainable power solution for low-energy devices in applications like wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things (IoT). The chapter discusses the architecture of RF energy-harvesting systems, including antennas, rectifiers, and energy storage units, highlighting their efficiency and adaptability in various environments. In contrast, VLC energy harvesting utilizes light emitted from LEDs and other light sources to generate power through photovoltaic cells. This method not only facilitates energy collection but also enables simultaneous data transmission, thereby enhancing the overall functionality of communication systems. The chapter examines the advantages and challenges associated with VLC, such as light intensity variations and low conversion efficiency. By comparing these two energies harvesting techniques, we aim to provide insights into their complementary roles in developing self-sustaining wireless communication networks that can operate efficiently in diverse conditions while minimizing reliance on traditional power sources.

Arpita Bose

Open Access Government • 2024

Bacterial photobiohybrids and photosynthesis: Optimizing energy harvesting with bacterial-semiconductor hybrids Photosynthesis serves as the primary mechanism for converting solar energy into chemical energy and plays a pivotal role in regulating atmospheric oxygen levels and carbon dioxide concentrations, influencing global climate patterns as a result. Traditional photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll, can only absorb specific regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, leaving a significant span of wavelengths of light unutilized. The solar energy-conversion efficiency of photosynthesis typically reaches a maximum of ~6%; however, some plants exhibit efficiencies lower than 1%, depending on the type of organism, environmental conditions, and the specific metabolic pathway involved. While photosynthesis has relatively low efficiency compared to some human-made solar energy technologies, it plays a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth by providing the primary source of energy for most ecosystems.

Aman Kumar

Novel Energy Storage and Conversion Technologies for Two-Dimensional MXenes and MBenes • 2025

The research into energy storage devices is driving a revolution in the area. New materials are being investigated. This analysis examines the revolutionary potential of non-traditional materials to enhance the efficiency and adaptability of energy storage systems. In this work, we examine the potential of a hierarchical carbon material based on graphene oxide, iron ions, and E. coli cells, with an emphasis on its utility and environmental friendliness. Additionally, we highlight how paper has evolved as a material platform, tracing its evolution from a traditional medium to a cutting-edge innovator in micro fluidics and microelectronics today. The integration of electronics into paper demonstrates the promise of paper-based devices in energy storage, micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and diagnostics. These advancements show how cutting-edge materials have the potential to revolutionize energy storage systems by balancing affordability and superior performance.

Vaishali Shirsath, Prakash Burade

Advanced Energy Conversion Materials • 2023

Sustainable Energy demand was observed over the last six decades and reported by many researchers. Few researchers also mentioned the importance of intelligent tools. The authors of this article are of the strong opinion that in a new era, intelligent tools are the only way for automation and the solution for most of the problems like sustainable energy demand. Wind energy is also identified as clean energy and profitable in case operated along with intelligent tools for maximizing its efficiency. The most popular issues in wind energy are related to the wind farm, its shape, turbine selection and maximizing energy output. This study focuses on the creation of a novel Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) tool that optimizes the objective function of the wind farm. Developing a PSO novel tool is the key importance of this research work. Three basic shapes of the wind farms are proposed viz (i) circular shape (ii) square shape and (iii) rectangular shape for the wind farm. The circular shape is also divided into two methods as a circle method and circle in-line method for Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) placement. Dot net programming-based PSO tool is designed, which is validated by the Rosebrook function and then five case studies with a different constraints with different type of WTG is examined and verified for the sustainable energy solution in the wind farm. Tool developed with defined constrained is novel and tested for validation.

Stanislav Ordin

Advanced Energy Conversion Materials • 2024

Thermoelectronics includes invariant elements of thermoelectricity, thermoemission and theory of p-n junction. And the local Nano-Thermo-Electromotive Forces (EMFs) discovered and used to build this unified theory of nano-scale, which are orders of magnitude superior to the seebeck EMF, are not only a diagnostic tool for any microelements, but can also be used to increase the Energy conversion efficiency of all traditional electronic devices. But most importantly, they prompted understanding that between the micro and marco-worlds, Physics missed a scale where their linear approximations do not work, but the Thermoelectronic Laws of the nano-scale work. Whereas the macroscopic response from nano-effects, in contrast to its acceptance as due from quantum effects, with reference to Thermodynamics, due to not taking into account prigogine’s production of Local Entropy, was generally considered forbidden. Thus, Thermoelectricity, which was initially included in the fundamentals of Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics, returned again to the Fundamental Science of the nano-scale missed by Physics and actually expanded Electronics to thermoelectronics. Taking into account the thermoelectronic effects allowed us to identify previously unaccounted aspects of increasing the efficiency of energy conversion of the scale missed in theories. In addition, the refinement and expansion of the theory of thermoelectricity became the background (basis) of all evidence-based fundamental physics.

Universal Wiser Publisher

Advanced Energy Conversion Materials • 2025

The Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial Office of Advanced Energy Conversion Materials (AECM) have retracted the following article: Adelaja OA, Babaniyi BR, Udorah D. Improvement of Polypropylene (PP)-Chitosan Nanoparticles (CNP) for Advanced Bio-Composite. Advanced Energy Conversion Materials. 2024; 5(1): 117-132. This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Following a journal-wide investigation, it was identified that this article falls outside the scope of the journal, and does not align with the thematic focus or subject matter requirements as outlined by the journal's editorial policies. The retraction is in accordance with the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines, ensuring the integrity of the publication record is maintained. As part of journal's ongoing efforts to improve the quality of publications, the editorial office will continue to rigorously conduct preliminary review and peer review to ensure that only manuscripts that align with the journal's scope and meet the highest academic standards are published. The editorial office sincerely apologize for any confusion or inconvenience this retraction may have caused.

Ryan Yow Zhong Yeo, Krishan Balachandran, Irwan Ibrahim et al.

Revolutionizing Energy Conversion - Photoelectrochemical Technologies and Their Role in Sustainability • 2024

The rise of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing (3DP), is attributed to its ability to fabricate complex 3D structures swiftly and accurately from computer-aided design (CAD) models with minimal labor involvement. Given the heightened popularity in 3DP, researchers have explored its potential in microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology, utilizing it for the production of various MFC elements such as reactor bodies, separators, and membranes. Over the last decade, innovative electrode designs and cell arrangements have emerged, contributing to the enhanced performance of MFCs. This is largely owing to the capability of 3DP, allowing for individual optimization of each MFC component by facilitating independent design for reactors and components. Moreover, a significant attribute of 3DP technology lies in its consistent production capabilities, enabling the scalability of MFC systems by creating multiple stacks of MFC units while ensuring minimal material wastage and eliminating human errors. The forthcoming book chapter discusses the application of 3DP in MFCs.