Andysah Putera Utama Siahaan

• 2018

The development of the current era of globalization has an impact on the increasing demand for electrical energy consumption. Very needed alternative renewable energy sources to meet the electricity needs at this time one of them uses photovoltaic. Photovoltaic functions to convert solar energy into electrical energy. The robot is a piece of technology that cannot be separated from consumption of electric energy; electric energy is the primary power source of the robot. Limitations of battery resources in robots can be assisted by the alternative energy to meet the electrical power needs of the robot battery.

Jørgen Apeland

University of Stavanger eBooks • 2021

Unmanned aerial systems can be used for a range of industrial applications to reduce risk, cost, and time. Fuel cell-based propulsion systems are outlined as a solution to extend mission endurance, one of the current main barriers for further adoption. This coincides with a general societal push towards more sustainable aviation and the use of fuel cells and hydrogen as important zero-emission enablers. In this thesis, results from research about the use of fuel cells to extend multirotor drone flight endurance are presented. This application entails certain challenges compared to fixed-wing drones, which has been the scope of most previous research. The research explores the performance threshold between batteries and a fuel cell-based propulsion system, the prospects of further adoption, and how the performance can be improved. A prototype fuel cell system is developed and integrated into an X8 multirotor drone with a take-off mass of 21 kg and flight-tested. The specific energy on a power plant level was 243 Wh/kg, and the gross endurance for the current system is estimated to be 76 minutes, a 90% increase from the comparable endurance of the battery-powered alternative. The performance of the 2 kW fuel cell hybrid system is characterized in laboratory testing and exposed to relevant load profiles with a peak load of 2.8 kW. This is one of few independent third-party multirotor drone integrations of a fuel cell-based propulsion system. Based on experimental data from laboratory testing and full-scale flight in a realistic operating environment, a unique overview of associated challenges and further work is provided. As there is little published research on this topic, the work should be valuable for the research community, as well as drone operators and technology providers.

Gwenn Flowers

• 2024

Detection, attribution and projection of glacier and ice-sheet change characterize much of our community’s work, motivated in part by the associated impacts ranging from local hazards to regional water supply to global sea-level rise. Toward improved attribution of glacier change on local to regional scales, I profile work aimed at discerning the internal versus external drivers of glacier behaviour through process-oriented studies. Using examples from northern Canada, combining observational and numerical approaches improves our understanding of fundamental processes that define the boundary conditions at the ice interface with bedrock, water and atmosphere. These studies have allowed us to revisit questions related to glacier surging, hydrology and ice-dammed lakes and the co-evolution of glacier geometry and thermal structure, with occasionally surprising and counter-intuitive results.While the internal dynamics of glacier systems have the potential to confound the climate signal on societally relevant timescales, the direct effects of climate via surface mass balance remain as important as ever. Improved observational platforms, advances in modelling and the growing abundance and availability of remotely sensed data have amplified our capacity to study these systems, and more generously than ever reveal information archived by glacier processes. Using these tools, we are now beginning to disentangle the contributions of the geologic substrate, environmental setting, internal ice dynamics and climate forcing to observed glacier change in globally significant ice-rich parts of the world.

Panagiota Pierrou

• 2025

Exploring the ocean floor by studying benthic organisms offers a unique opportunity to understand marine ecosystems. Benthic organisms, which live on the ocean floor, play a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity, the food chain, and the balance of the marine environment. In the classroom, students can study the unique characteristics of these organisms, such as their morphology, their adaptations to the environment, and their importance to life on Earth.Additionally, benthic organisms serve as natural records of geological and ecological history. By examining fossils or the chemical markers they contain, scientists gain valuable insights into the Earth's past, such as climate changes and the evolution of life. At the same time, studying their current adaptations to environmental pressures provides evidence about future challenges and changes in ecosystems. Through activities such as simulations, microscopic observations, and data analysis, students develop environmental awareness and scientific thinking, while enriching their understanding of the dynamic relationship between the past, present, and future in the oceans Keywords: Benthic organisms, Ocean floor exploration, Geological history, Climate change, Environmental education, Scientific thinking, Ecological balance, Marine biodiversity conservation, Classroom simulations

Paul Smith

• 2022

Terraforming Mars requires establishment of essential, ecosystem services on a planet currently unamenable to Terran species. Shorter term, assembling Terran-type ecosystems within contained environments is conceivable. An assemblage of organisms that might form an early, forest environment is proposed, with rationale for its selection. A case is made for establishment of a contained facsimile, old growth forest on Mars, providing an oasis, proffering vital ecosystem functions. It would serve as an extraterrestrial nature reserve, psychological refuge and utilitarian botanic garden, supporting species of value to colonists for secondary metabolites, substances otherwise requiring freighting or in-situ manufacture. The design presented includes organisms that might tolerate local environmental variance and be assembled into a novel, bioregenerative forest ecosystem. This would differ from Earthly forests due to the potential impact of local abiotic parameters on ecosystem functions, but it is argued that biotic support for space travel and colonization requires such developments.

Nimra Latif, Toheed Ahmed

Journal of Chemistry and Material Sciences (JCMS) • 2025

Industrial wastewater coming from numerous industries is the major source of water pollution. Wastewater contains heavy metals, organic and inorganic contaminants, and insoluble materials. This contaminant poses a serious hazard to the environment. Removal of these pollutants requires innovative and novel methods and technologies. The treatment of wastewater can be done in a variety of ways. There are several techniques available, including adsorption, coagulation, and activated sludge. Water treatment also uses inexpensive adsorbents. A number of Nano-materials have been considered for use as potential pollutant removal candidates in recent years. For elimination of heavy metal, conventional methods include chemical precipitation, ion exchange, adsorption, the ion floatation, electrochemistry as well as coagulation/flocculation. Despite these advantages, however, these methods have some serious disadvantages. In addition to photo catalysis, electro dialysis, and membrane separation techniques, new adsorbents have been introduced to improve adsorption. Fenton processes for treating real industrial wastewater are critically reviewed in this article. To reduce contaminants in wastewater, this paper discusses possible wastewater treatment techniques.

Per Halkjær Nielsen

Microbial Biotechnology • 2017

Summary Microbial biotechnology is essential for the development of circular economy in wastewater treatment by integrating energy production and resource recovery into the production of clean water. A comprehensive knowledge about identity, physiology, ecology, and population dynamics of process‐critical microorganisms will improve process stability, reduce CO2 footprints, optimize recovery and bioenergy production, and help finding new approaches and solutions. Examples of research needs and perspectives are provided, demonstrating the great importance of microbial biotechnology.

Muhammad Taqi Mehran, Mutawara Mahmood M Baig

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2019

2D transition metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, are an emerging class of 2D materials with a wide spectrum of potential applications, due to their unique layered structure, high surface area, remarkable chemical stability, and electrical conductivity for energy storage. The hydrophilicity of MXenes combined with their metallic conductivity and surface redox reactions is the key for high-rate pseudocapacitive energy storage in MXene electrodes. However, the low capacity of MXene electrodes limits their further application in ECs. In this study we developed the electrode materials comprised of titanium carbide MXene (Ti 3 C 2 Tx) decorated with MWCNTs and Metal Sulfide, which are both 2D layered materials that contribute to the fast ion diffusion in the interdigitated electrode architecture. The nanocomposite samples have been characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Due to the synergistic effect between Metal sulfide and Ti3C2 matrix, the nanocomposite exhibits a superior capacitance and shows excellent cycling stability with capacitance up to several hundred cycles. These results show that pseudocapacitive MXene based negative electrodes exhibits excellent properties in asymmetric electrochemical capacitors, leading to an increased energy density.

Majid Mirzaee, Changiz Dehghanian

Acta Metallurgica Slovaca • 2018

The applicability of nickel-copper metallic foams as a current collector was investigated for supercapacitor. A comprehensive characterization of Ni-Cu based foam was studied and the analysis of their structural, chemical, and electrochemical properties was evaluated. Structural characteristics and electrochemical methods were used to examine the surface morphology, and surface-chemical composition of the materials. The foams deposited at the time deposition of 180s exhibited dual-porosities (macro and mesopores) with pores ranging from13 to16 μm and the branch size ranged from 25 to 50 nm. Ni-Cu foam electrodes are employed as current collector for supercapacitor. Their usefulness as current collector was evaluated by well-defined experimental conditions using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge and discharge (GCD) techniques. The outcome of these experiments demonstrated that the Ni-Cu foams which was synthesized at the time deposition of 180s had pseudocapacitive behavior. The best value for specific capacitance which was calculated from GCD was (536 F/g at 1 mA/cm2) for the Ni-Cu foams deposited at 2 A/cm2 for 180 s. The Ni-Cu foam sustained a current density of 15 mA/cm2 after 2000 cycles without significant loss of supercapacitor activity.

Samuel Danquah

Atlas Journal of Materials Science • 2020

Li2FeMn3O8 (LFMO) nanocomposite material for Li-ion battery is synthesized using chemical combustion method. To fabricate a hybrid nanostructure electrode, LFMO is coated on tin oxide (SnO2) nanorods (NR), which is grown using a vapor-liquid solid (VLS) technique on a steel substrate. The surface morphology of the hybrid nanostructure electrode confirms that, single crystalline SnO2 nanorods are grown vertically with spine-like structures, a few microns in length, as evident from field emission scanning electron microscope image. The electrochemical performance of SnO2/LFMO shows very interesting characteristic with enormous charge storage capability. The coin cell shows improved capacity with a higher number of charging and discharging cycles. This SnO2/LFMO hybrid composite electrode shows better specific capacitance value as compared to the pristine SnO2 electrode.

Jana Šefčovičová, Jan Tkac

Chemical Papers • 2015

Abstract Microbial cell biosensors, where cells are in direct connection with a transducer enabling quantitative and qualitative detection of an analyte, are very promising analytical tools applied mainly for assays in the environmental field, food industry or biomedicine. Microbial cell biosensors are an excellent alternative to conventional analytical methods due to their specificity, rapid detection and low cost of analysis. Nowadays, nanomaterials are often used in the construction of biosensors to improve their sensitivity and stability. In this review, the combination of microbial and other individual cells with different nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, gold nanoparticles, etc.) for the construction of biosensors is described and their applications are provided as well.

Amit Narayanbhai Patel

Trends in Sciences • 2021

The main objective of this work is to optimize the power density of axial flux permanent magnet brushless dc (PMBLDC) motor based on genetic algorithm (GA) technique for performance improvement of electric 2-wheeler. Power density is one of the important performance parameter of motor as it significantly influences overall performance of electric 2-wheeler. Firstly, the rating of electric motor is determined according to the application requirements and vehicular dynamics. Axial flux PMBLDC motor of 250 W, 150 rpm is designed to fit in to the rim of electric 2-wheeler based on assumption of various design variables. The salient contribution of this work is to suggest the best combination of design variables with the application of GA optimization technique for power density optimization. Comparative performance analysis is carried out between initially designed motor and optimized motor. Finally, 3 dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) is performed to verify the results obtained from design optimization. Results obtained from FEA fairly validates the initial design and optimized design. It is analyzed that the power density of motor is enhanced by 42.85 % with the proposed optimization technique. The proposed technique is implementable and complexity free. It may further be applied to the performance improvement of a non-linear design comprising different design variables.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Axial flux permanent magnet motors are the most compatible in electric vehicle applications
 Power density is one of the important performance parameters of axial flux permanent magnet motors
 Optimization of power density improves drive range and overall performance of electric vehicle
 Influential design variables are identified based on parametric analysis and its optimization is carried out with an GA based optimization technique with an objective of power density optimization
 Proposed optimization technique is validated with finite element analysis
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Yang-Hsin Fan

Energies • 2020

Many embedded systems are implemented for healthcare, and smart homes and spaces. These devices are generally designed for elderly care, for monitoring, surveillance, and collection information. As embedded systems are ubiquitous and pervasive in a smart home, office, or space, different layout affects not only reduce the implementation cost but also the power density of electromagnetic waves. This study aimed to develop a multiple-embedded-system optimization layout to consume less electromagnetic wave power density and gain better communication strength. For smart offices, we analyzed the layout topology of n-shaped and n-shaped with door layout categories. On the basis of the location of each embedded system in a communication center via an n-shaped layout, we investigated the electromagnetic wave effect to the local, direct, and semidirect effects. Indirect and subindirect effects were also studied in the n-shaped layout with a door. In addition, we derived a set of formulas from the scope for the diverse effects to help users to quickly identify the scope of each effect. To verify the multiple-embedded-system optimization layout, 16 cooperating embedded systems with four test cases in a smart office were used to evaluate the diverse effects of electromagnetic wave power density and communication strength. Experiment results showed that the optimization layout consumed 3950 × 10−6 W/m2 electromagnetic wave power density.

M. Millinger, F. Hedenus, E. Zeyen et al.

Nature Energy • 2025

Biomass is a versatile renewable energy source with applications across the energy system, but it is a limited resource and its usage needs prioritization. We use a sector-coupled European energy system model to explore near-optimal solutions for achieving emissions targets. We find that provision of biogenic carbon has higher value than bioenergy provision. Energy system costs increase by 20% if biomass is excluded at a net-negative (−110%) emissions target and by 14% at a net-zero target. Dispatchable bioelectricity covering ~1% of total electricity generation strengthens supply reliability. Otherwise, it is not crucial in which sector biomass is used, if combined with carbon capture to enable negative emissions and feedstock for e-fuel production. A shortage of renewable electricity or hydrogen supply primarily increases the value of using biomass for fuel production. Results are sensitive to upstream emissions of biomass, carbon sequestration capacity and costs of direct air capture.

Luiz Moreira Coelho Júnior, Brunna Hillary Calixto de Oliveira, Ingryd Yohane Bezerra Almeida Santos et al.

Sustainability • 2025

Sugarcane products come from agro-industrial biomass that is increasingly used in the Brazilian energy matrix, which is important for the sustainability and diversification of renewable energy sources. This article examines the concentration and structure of the supply of sugarcane bioelectricity in Brazil from 1975 to 2023. It uses information on the quantity and cumulative licensed potential of sugarcane-based thermoelectric plants in operation, available from the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) through its Generation Information System (SIGA). To measure regional concentration, the study considered geographical areas (large regions, states, intermediate regions and municipalities) using the following concentration indicators: the Concentration Ratio, Herfindahl–Hirschman Index, Theil Entropy, Comprehensive Concentration Index, and Hall–Tideman Index. The main results show a high concentration of sugarcane bioelectricity at regional and state levels, with a predominance in the Southeast-Central-West axis. During the period analyzed, the State of São Paulo remained the leader in terms of energy generated by sugarcane thermoelectric plants operating in Brazil. In the intermediate regions, the concentration was moderate, while at the municipal level, the concentration was low, indicating a highly competitive market. It can be concluded that the areas with the highest concentration are strategic for directing investments and guiding public policies for the sugarcane bioelectricity sector, which are priority locations for new opportunities. The identification of the most promising regions contributes to a more efficient development of the sector. Given that, a more equitable distribution of bioelectricity production across the country could enhance Brazil’s energy security, reduce regional vulnerabilities, and promote more resilient energy systems.

Rhean Jane B. Diaz, Allison G. Alen, Jezlreel Jode M. Olorocisimo et al.

Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics • 2024

Plants which are essential for life, have the potential to become a renewable energy source in the Future. They can generate electricity, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and being environmentally friendly. This study aims to explore the untapped potential of botanical batteries and contribute to green energy technology. Plants' capacity to convert sunlight into chemical energy could be a viable and environmentally friendly source for electrical power generation, offering a sustainable solution to the world's growing energy demands while mitigating climate change impacts. To achieve the goal of the study, pure experimental research was applied. And the researchers used cactus (prickly pear), copper nails, zinc nails, copper wire, alligator clips, and disposable plastic containers. The study was conducted at Bayugan National Comprehensive High School, Bayugan City. Throughout the analysis of the data obtained after the three tests conducted, it has been found that like an electrochemical cell, copper and zinc electrodes inserted into prickly pear leaves can generate energy. With the highest current magnitude and maximum value at the highest contact area, the prickly pear plant has the highest potential for energy harvesting. Cut-off or partially leaved leaves can be harvested for their energy, which can then be utilized to charge batteries or power low-power devices.

M. A. Raza, M. M. Aman, N. A. Tunio et al.

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy • 2023

Climate change threats demand unprecedented economic shifts around the world, including a fundamental transformation of the global energy system. An energy transition is underway in most regions, predominantly in the power sector. This research depicts the energy transition pathway for achieving 100% renewable energy systems through bioenergy in Pakistan. The growth rate of 20%, 30%, and 40% in biomass projects were considered for the study period 2023 to 2053 using the Low Emissions Analysis Platform (LEAP) software. It presents a technology‐rich, multi‐sectoral and cost‐optimal energy transition pathway for limiting global mean temperature below 1.5°C. The results revealed that Pakistan's electricity generation undergoes a rapidly evolving transition from predominantly fossil fuels 62.1% in 2023 to 81.3% renewables in 2053, and entirely zero CO2 emissions by 2060. Hydro source is costly, wind and solar sources are seasonal so biomass emerges as the major electricity supply source in a cost optimal energy transition of Pakistan. Share of biomass is increasing from a mere 0.81% in 2023 to around 9.44% by 2053 under the 20% growth rate, which then increase to 39.67% by 2053 under the 30% growth rate and further increases to 78.33% by 2053 under the 40% growth rate. Pakistan contributes 0.8% of the global carbon footprint, but we are among the 10 most climate‐stressed countries on the planet in 2023 so this study helps to reduce cumulative CO2 emissions from 151.63 million metric tons to 8.90 million metric tons from 2023 to 2053 across the power, heat, transport, and desalination sectors.

Yangbo Chen, Weirong Wang, Hao Guo et al.

Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences • 2024

Abstract The search for sustainable energy solutions has become urgent against the current energy crisis and increasing environmental pollution. Biomass energy conversion and utilization technology, a clean and renewable energy source, constantly evolves, particularly in biomass power generation technology. This technology can effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Biomass conversion and utilization techniques include combustion, gasification, and biochemical methods that generate different energy forms, including heat, electricity, and fuel. Developing these technologies provides strong technical support for optimizing energy structures and protecting the environment. The article explores the application of biopower technology in intelligent energy management of electricity and improves its efficiency. The efficiency of biopower technology and its influencing factors were investigated using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and Tobit regression analysis. A study was conducted on ten biopower energy companies. The energy management efficiency score of 1 was present in six of these companies, suggesting a relatively high operational efficiency level. Company C has a super-efficiency value of 2.654, indicating its outstanding energy management efficiency. Factors such as human resource input, total investment, and annual production costs significantly affect energy management efficiency. By optimizing resource allocation and improving management efficiency, biopower technology can be applied more effectively to intelligent energy management, thus promoting sustainable development.

Z. Pandur, M. Bačić, M. Šušnjar et al.

Sustainability • 2024

The paper presents the process of electricity and thermal energy production in a cogeneration plant and the process of wood pellet production. The aim of this study was to analyze the energy gain—EROI for energy products that are created as a product contained in electrical and thermal energy and the energy contained in wood pellets. According to the obtained results, the production of only electrical energy from wood biomass in a cogeneration plant was not sustainable from an energy point of view, since the obtained electrical energy was only 1.46 times greater than the input wood energy (EROIel = 1.46), while the obtained energy of the produced wood pellets was 4.82 (EROIpel = 4.82). According to the results of equivalent carbon emission, positive net value was achieved only with cogeneration plant and pellet plant working in synergy. Wood is a renewable source of energy, and its economic use can create a significant energy gain. However, due to the trend of using renewable energy sources and the increasing need for electricity, such a process of obtaining electricity is financially profitable, although it is not justified from the energy profitability and environmental sustainability point of view.

F. B. Ilhami, Tutut Nurita, Vivi Azmilah et al.

Bioelectricity • 2025

The electrical and magnetic sensory systems of marine animals provide remarkable insights into evolutionary adaptation and their technological potential. This study explores the bioelectric abilities of marine species such as stingrays, electric eels, dolphins, and hammerhead sharks, which utilize specialized organs for hunting, navigation, and self-defense. These adaptations have inspired biomimetic innovations, including underwater navigation devices, bioelectric sensors, and medical diagnostic tools. This study uses a descriptive and qualitative method to show how electroreceptors like the ampullae of Lorenzini help the body pick up on small electric and magnetic fields. These capabilities have significant implications for the development of efficient energy systems, advanced navigation tools, and sensitive medical technologies. However, ethical and ecological challenges arise, especially concerning the conservation of marine species and their habitats. This study highlights the necessity of sustainably integrating biomimetic technologies and promoting further interdisciplinary research to enhance applications while safeguarding marine ecosystems.

Michael K. Jahn, Stefan B. Haderlein, Rainer U. Meckenstock

Environmental Microbiology • 2006

Summary Cyanide or cyanide–metal complexes are frequent contaminants of soil or aquifers at industrial sites, which can be released from such sites by outgassing or transport with the groundwater. They form very stable complexes with iron, which may occur in the subsurface as an insoluble blue mineral, the so‐called Prussian Blue (Fe 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3 ). In this study, we show that the insoluble and colloidal Fe(III)–cyanide complex Prussian Blue can be reduced and utilized as electron acceptor by the dissimilatory iron‐reducing bacteria Geobacter metallireducens and Shewanella alga strain BrY. The microbial reduction of the dark blue pigment Prussian Blue leads to the formation of a completely colourless solid mineral, presumably Prussian White (Fe 2 [Fe(CN) 6 ]), which could be reoxidized through exposure to air, regaining the dark blue colour. In addition, the microorganisms were able to grow with Prussian Blue, using it as the sole electron acceptor. Geobacter metallireducens could also reduce Prussian Blue coatings on sand, which was sampled from a contaminated site.

Gary A. Icopini, Joe G. Lack, Larry E. Hersman et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 2009

ABSTRACT We examined the ability of the metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter metallireducens GS-15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 to reduce Pu(VI) and Pu(V). Cell suspensions of both bacteria reduced oxidized Pu [a mixture of Pu(VI) and Pu(V)] to Pu(IV). The rate of plutonium reduction was similar to the rate of U(VI) reduction obtained under similar conditions for each bacteria. The rates of Pu(VI) and U(VI) reduction by cell suspensions of S. oneidensis were slightly higher than the rates observed with G. metallireducens . The reduced form of Pu was characterized as aggregates of nanoparticulates of Pu(IV). Transmission electron microscopy images of the solids obtained from the cultures after the reduction of Pu(VI) and Pu(V) by S. oneidensis show that the Pu precipitates have a crystalline structure. The nanoparticulates of Pu(IV) were precipitated on the surface of or within the cell walls of the bacteria. The production of Pu(III) was not observed, which indicates that Pu(IV) was the stable form of reduced Pu under these experimental conditions. Experiments examining the ability of these bacteria to use Pu(VI) as a terminal electron acceptor for growth were inconclusive. A slight increase in cell density was observed for both G. metallireducens and S. oneidensis when Pu(VI) was provided as the sole electron acceptor; however, Pu(VI) concentrations decreased similarly in both the experimental and control cultures.

Hakim Boukhalfa, Gary A. Icopini, Sean D. Reilly et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 2007

ABSTRACT The bacterial reduction of actinides has been suggested as a possible remedial strategy for actinide-contaminated environments, and the bacterial reduction of Pu(VI/V) has the potential to produce highly insoluble Pu(IV) solid phases. However, the behavior of plutonium with regard to bacterial reduction is more complex than for other actinides because it is possible for Pu(IV) to be further reduced to Pu(III), which is relatively more soluble than Pu(IV). This work investigates the ability of the metal-reducing bacteria Geobacter metallireducens GS15 and Shewanella oneidensis MR1 to enzymatically reduce freshly precipitated amorphous Pu(IV) (OH) 4 [Pu(IV)(OH) 4(am) ] and soluble Pu(IV)(EDTA). In cell suspensions without added complexing ligands, minor Pu(III) production was observed in cultures containing S. oneidensis , but little or no Pu(III) production was observed in cultures containing G. metallireducens . In the presence of EDTA, most of the Pu(IV)(OH) 4(am) present was reduced to Pu(III) and remained soluble in cell suspensions of both S. oneidensis and G. metallireducens . When soluble Pu(IV)(EDTA) was provided as the terminal electron acceptor, cell suspensions of both S. oneidensis and G. metallireducens rapidly reduced Pu(IV)(EDTA) to Pu(III)(EDTA) with nearly complete reduction within 20 to 40 min, depending on the initial concentration. Neither bacterium was able to use Pu(IV) (in any of the forms used) as a terminal electron acceptor to support growth. These results have significant implications for the potential remediation of plutonium and suggest that strongly reducing environments where complexing ligands are present may produce soluble forms of reduced Pu species.

Suhad Sh. Jaroo, Mohanad J. M-Ridha

International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics • 2025

Mostafa M. El-Seddik, Abdelsalam Elawwad

Desalination • 2024

D. Vidhyeswari, S. Bhuvaneshwari

Desalination and Water Treatment • 2018

of Nanobiotechnology. He is also an • 2019

An exploration of new and simplified electrode materials such as gold leaf (GL), and silver leaf (SL) based approaches to enhance the efficiency and scalability of microfluidic biofuel cell renewable energy sources has generated significant interest. Our research aims to utilize the unique properties of these materials to create advanced biofuel cells, with a specific focus on implantable devices. By employing nanoporous gold and patterned silver leaf, are designing flexible, efficient, and scalable biofuel cells that have the potential to revolutionize energy solutions in medical and wearable technologies. Microfluidic biofuel cells with nanostructured gold and silver leaf devices harvest ultra-low power energy, making them more practical for real-world applications. The gold and silver leaf enzymatic biofuel cell (L- EBFC) operates using glucose as fuel, with glucose oxidase functioning at the anode and laccase at the cathode, both coating the GL and SL bioelectrodes. These leaf microfluidic devices, fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and filter paper, demonstrated a peak open circuit voltage of 197 mV and 448 mV, along with a maximum power density of 28.7 μW/cm2 and 93.6 μW/cm2 , respectively. Such flexible devices are lightweight, non-toxic, edible, and biodegradable, designed for optimal load connection to ensure stable performance while reducing weight. Please replace with this sentence. It opens new opportunities for sustainable power generation and offers promising applications in wearable, implantable, and portable microelectronic devices, where reliable, low-power energy sources are inexpensive.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Funding for this research provided by the Natural Science • 2010

This review article presents how microfluidic technologies and biological materials are paired to assist in the development of low cost, green energy fuel cell systems. Miniaturized biological fuel cells, employing enzymes or microorganisms as biocatalysts in an environmentally benign configuration, can become an attractive candidate for small-scale power source applications such as biological sensors, implantable medical devices, and portable electronics. State-of-the-art biofuel cell technologies are reviewed with emphasis on microfabrication compatibility and microfluidic fuel cell designs. Integrated microfluidic biofuel cell prototypes are examined with comparisons of their performance achievements and fabrication methods. The technical challenges for further developments and the potential research opportunities for practical cell designs are discussed.

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is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011 • 2011

Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011

• 2019

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Department of Materials Science • 2019

Article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52498-w

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energies Review • 2002

Membraneless microfluidic fuel cells (MMFCs) are being studied extensively as an al- ternative to batteries and conventional membrane fuel cells because of their simple functioning and lower manufacturing cost. MMFCs use the laminar flow of reactant species (fuel and oxidant) to eliminate the electrolyte membrane, which has conventionally been used to isolate anodic and cathodic half-cell reactions. This review article summarizes the MMFCs with six major categories of flow configurations that have been reported from 2002 to 2020. The discussion highlights the critical factors that affect and limit the performance of MMFCs. Since MMFCs are diffusion-limited, most of this review focuses on how different flow configurations act to reduce or modify diffusive mixing and depletion zones to enhance the power density output. Research opportunities are also pointed out, and the challenges in MMFCs are suggested to improve cell performance and make them practical in the near future.

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Journal of Power Sources • 2019

Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) are an emerging technology enabling electricity generation from the oxidation of biodegradable substrates by exoelectrogenic microor- ganisms. The use of microalgae in Microbial Fuel Cells (mMFCs) presents significant advantages such as their simultaneous contribution to the reduction in operational en- ergy, CO2 capture, value-added compound production, and the endogenous supply of organic matter—through the decay biomass—to generate electrical current with coupled wastewater treatment. To achieve the desired electrical and wastewater performance, it is crucial to optimize the architecture, electrode and membrane characteristics, and op- erational conditions such as light intensity, CO2 and nutrient availability, pH, and algae strains used in the mMFCs. This optimization can be aided by mathematical models, with the goal of achieving efficient large-scale operation. This review provides a comprehen- sive overview of the advances in Microbial Fuel Cells with microalgae, highlighting their electron transfer mechanisms, evaluating strategies to enhance their efficiency and their potential applications.

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homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/envres • 2019

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homepage: www.sciencedirect.com/journal/biofilm • 2019

of important components deficient mutant [39] showed that the mutant had a much-reduced ca­ in the electron transport mechanism from cells to the anode in Geobacter pacity at producing current, but not zero, probably due to the secretion MFCs has been provided by Lovley [37]. Metabolism of electron rich of flavin molecules, suggesting that some species may use all three (reduced) substrate such as acetate or lactate drives the production of transport mechanisms shown in Fig. 4. The majority of species studied to reduced NADH from NAD+ within the cell. In order for the cell to date are Gram negative organisms. However, Thermincola potens strain maintain reducing power, it must re-oxidise NAD+ by abstracting elec­ JR, is a Gram-positive isolate obtained from the anode surface of a mi­ trons by using dehydrogenase and the cytochrome system consisting of crobial fuel cell [40]. Despite careful study this species produced no quinone/menaquinone pool, periplasmic proteins MacA, PpcA, and evidence of any soluble redox-active components being secreted into the outer membrane proteins, OmcE and OmcS. Together these are able to surrounding medium. Confocal microscopy revealed highly stratified transport the electrons by a series of redox reactions spanning the inner biofilms in which the cells contacting the electrode surface were cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasmic space until the electron is disproportionately viable relative to the rest of the biofilm. Furthermore, conducted across the outer membrane to the anode electrode via the there was no correlation between biofilm thickness and power produc­ outer membrane cytochromes OmcE and OmcS (Fig. 4b). Further tion, suggesting that cells in contact with the electrode were primarily

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Energy • 2016

Trends in Biotechnology OPEN ACCESS Special Issue: Bioconversion of C1 Products and Feedstocks Opinion

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· March 2014 • 2014

This research aims a continuous and uni- and the uniform oxygen/nutrient distribution continu- form oxygen tensions and oxygen gradients supply in ously supplied for dermal fibroblast cell culture. This microfluidic cell culture chip based micro-bioreactor could be a potential and effective model to be incor- without any external pumps by modifying the existing porated into tissue regeneration studies, drug screen- siphon based perfusion strategy using conventional ing model, and in cancer tissue model studies for un- tools to control constant hydrostatic pressure for con- derstanding angiogenesis, where oxygen tension and stant fluid flow rate. In this study, the microfluidic perfusion cultures play important roles. based micro-bioreactor is fabricated using a polydi- methylsiloxane (PDMS) replication process. The mi-

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energies Review • 2019

The current fossil fuel reserves are not sufficient to meet the increasing demand and very soon will become exhausted. Pollution, global warming, and inflated oil prices have led the quest for renewable energy sources. Algal biofuels represent a potential source of renewable energy. Algae, as the third generation feedstock, are suitable for biodiesel and bioethanol production due to their quick growth, excellent biomass yield, and high lipid and carbohydrate contents. With their huge potential, algae are expected to surpass the first and second generation feedstocks. Only a few thousand algal species have been investigated as possible biofuel sources, and none of them was ideal. This review summarizes the current status of algal biofuels, important steps of algal biofuel production, and the major commercial production challenges.

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of Power Sources 195 (2010) 8141–8151 • 2010

See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267498116

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of Power Sources 625 (2025) 235688 • 2019