M.V. Kannan, G. Gnana kumar

Biosensors and Bioelectronics • 2016

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) are considered as the futuristic energy device that generates electricity from the catalytic degradation of biodegradable organic wastes using microbes, which exist in waste water. In MFCs, oxygen serves as a cathodic electron acceptor and oxygen reduction kinetics played a significant role in the determination of overall efficiency. A wide range of strategies have been developed for the preparation and substantial modification of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts to improve the maximum volumetric power density of MFCs, in which the efforts on graphene based ORR catalysts are highly imperative. Although numerous research endeavors have been achieved in relation with the graphene based ORR catalysts applicable for MFCs, still their collective summary has not been developed, which hinders the acquirement of adequate knowledge on tuning the specific properties of said catalysts. The intension of this review is to outline the significant role of ORR catalysts, factors influencing the ORR activity, strategies behind the modifications of ORR catalysts and update the research efforts devoted on graphene based ORR catalysts. This review can be considered as a pertinent guide to understand the design and developmental strategies of competent graphene based ORR catalysts, which are not only applicable for MFCs but also for number of electrochemical applications.

Bustami Ibrahim, Uju, Agus Muhamad Soleh

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia • 2020

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) merupakan suatu teknologi yang memanfaatkan mikroba untuk mendegradasi bahan organik dan anorganik menjadi energi listrik, dapat dilakukan menggunakan sistem satu bejana atau dua bejana. Sistem MFC dua bejana menggunakan membran penukar proton yang berfungsi untuk mengalirkan proton yang dihasilkan dari ruang anoda ke ruang katoda, salah satu alternatif membran yang digunakan yaitu komposit kitosan-karagenan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan perbandingan komposit kitosan-karagenan sebagai membran penukar proton pada MFC, menentukan kinerja MFC dalam menghasilkan elektrisitas, serta menentukan kinerja penurunan beban polutan limbah cair pada MFC. Nilai elektrisitas MFC diukur menggunakan multimeter dengan parameter yang diuji adalah tegangan listrik, serta arus listrik. Parameter uji yang digunakan untuk mengukur penurunan beban polutan limbah cair adalah chemical oxygen demand (COD), biologycal oxygen demand (BOD) dan total amonia nitrogen (TAN). Membran komposit kitosan-karagenan dibuat dengan perlakuan perbedaan komposisi kitosan dan karagenan 1:1; 1,5:1; 3:1 (v/v). Perbedaan rasio kitosan dan karagenan pada membran komposit kitosan-karagenan memberikan pengaruh terhadap sifat mekanik membran, nilai elektrisitas MFC, serta beban polutan cair pada MFC. Membran komposit kitosan-karagenan dengan perbandingan 1:1 menghasilkan nilai konduktivitas proton tertinggi sebesar 1,15x10-3 S/cm, kuat tarik tertinggi 7,047 MPa, tegangan listrik 0,97 V, arus 7,02 mA, serta daya listrik 6,84 mW. Nilai COD, BOD, serta TAN limbah cair pemindangan ikan mengalami penurunan sebesar 90%, 76% dan 32%.

J.C. Carrillo-Rodríguez, S. García-Mayagoitia, R. Pérez-Hernández et al.

ECS Transactions • 2017

S. Sadegh Hassani, M.R. Ganjali, L. Samiee et al.

International Journal of Electrochemical Science • 2018

Fei Yu, Chengxian Wang, Jie Ma

Materials • 2016

Graphene-modified materials have captured increasing attention for energy applications due to their superior physical and chemical properties, which can significantly enhance the electricity generation performance of microbial fuel cells (MFC). In this review, several typical synthesis methods of graphene-modified electrodes, such as graphite oxide reduction methods, self-assembly methods, and chemical vapor deposition, are summarized. According to the different functions of the graphene-modified materials in the MFC anode and cathode chambers, a series of design concepts for MFC electrodes are assembled, e.g., enhancing the biocompatibility and improving the extracellular electron transfer efficiency for anode electrodes and increasing the active sites and strengthening the reduction pathway for cathode electrodes. In spite of the challenges of MFC electrodes, graphene-modified electrodes are promising for MFC development to address the reduction in efficiency brought about by organic waste by converting it into electrical energy.

Kien Ben Liew, Jun Xing Leong, Wan Ramli Wan Daud et al.

Journal of Power Sources • 2020

Priya Sharma, Srikanth Mutnuri

Water Science and Technology • 2019

Abstract Presence of urine in municipal wastewater is a major problem faced by wastewater treatment plants. The adverse effects are noticeable as crystallization in equipment and pipelines due to high concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, improved technologies are required that can treat urine separately at the source of their origin and then discharge it in the main wastewater stream. In this study, the performance of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) was evaluated with mixed consortia and isolated pure cultures (Firmicutes and Proteobacter species) from biofilm for electricity generation and nutrient recovery. Microbes utilize less than 10% of total phosphorus for their growth, while 90% is recovered as struvite. The amount of struvite recovered was similar for pure and mixed culture (12 ± 5 g/L). The microbial characterization also shows that not all the biofilm-forming bacterial isolates are very much efficient in power generation and, hence, they can be further exploited to study their individual role in operating MFC. The different organic loading rates experiment shows that the performance of MFC in terms of power generation is the same for undiluted and five times diluted urine while the recovery of nutrients is better with undiluted urine, implying its direct use of urine in operating fuel cell.

Lin Fu, Haoqi Wang, Qiong Huang et al.

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering • 2019

Vaidehi Chandorkar, Aboli Chimurkar, Ashok Gomashe

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal • 2019

The voltage generation from metabolic reactions of bacteria due to exudates in rhizosphere of rice crop was demonstrated by Azatobacter species and natural soil microbial flora using microbial fuel cell. It was observed that voltage generated by microbial fuel cells increased from 0.5 V to 98.0 V till 60th day of the crop for one square feet area of rice field in laboratory conditions and on 90th day of the crop voltage was 1V maintained during day time. The range of increase in voltage was dependent on the intensity of sunlight. It was estimated that if one square feet of rice plantation can produce 1V after 90th day by this method, then in case of one acre of plantation 43560 V could be generated on the 90th day of the crop on each successive day. That might produce rice and enough voltage in an eco-friendly manner.

Vaidhegi Kugarajah, Moogambigai Sugumar, Sangeetha Dharmalingam

Enzyme and Microbial Technology • 2020

Feng Deng, Jian Sun, Yongyou Hu et al.

RSC Advances • 2016

Effect of microbial reduction of graphene oxide on evolution and viability of biofilm during preparation of graphene/exoelectrogen biofilm anode in microbial fuel cell (MFC) were studied by sampling the biofilm at different stages of MFC operation.

Lin Fu, Haoqi Wang, Qiong Huang et al.

Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering • 2019

D. Paul, M.T. Noori, P.P. Rajesh et al.

Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments • 2018

Satish S. Rikame, Alka A. Mungray, Arvind K. Mungray

International Journal of Energy Research • 2020

Lu Liu, Xiaochen Sun, Wenxin Li et al.

RSC Advances • 2017

Enhancing the activity of the cathode and reducing the voltage for electrochemical hydrodechlorination of chlorohydrocarbon were always the challenges in the area of electrochemical remediation. In this study, a novel cathode material of Ni-doped graphene generated by Ni nanoparticles dispersed evenly on graphene was prepared to electrochemically dechlorinate PCE in groundwater. The reduction potential of Ni-doped graphene for PCE electrochemical hydrodechlorination was -0.24 V ( vs. Ag/AgCl) determined by cyclic voltammetry. A single MFC with a voltage of 0.389-0.460 V and a current of 0.221-0.257 mA could drive electrochemical hydrodechlorination of PCE effectively with Ni-doped graphene as the cathode catalyst, and the removal rate of PCE was significantly higher than that with single Ni or graphene as the cathode catalyst. Moreover, neutral conditions were more suitable for Ni-doped graphene to electrochemically hydrodechlorinate PCE in groundwater and no byproduct was accumulated.

Mehri Shabani, Habibollah Younesi, Ahmad Rahimpour et al.

Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology • 2019

S. Karthick, K. Haribabu

Fuel • 2020

Junfeng Chen, Yongyou Hu, Wantang Huang et al.

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy • 2017

Yi-Ta Wang, Yuan-Kuo Wang

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology • 2016

The bio-electron-Fenton system integrates microbial fuel cell and Fenton process into a single system to destroy the organic and bio-refractory contaminants in wastewater. Its performance is closely dependent on the sufficient electron supplement by the oxidation process in anode chamber and the reduction process in cathode chamber. This article presents a novel cathode of a bio-electron-Fenton system which can simultaneously achieve good electron supplement and the wastewater treatment in cathode chamber. The cathode consists of indium-tin-oxide conductive glass on which layers of graphene-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite are sprayed by electrospinning. The material characterization is verified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The voltage, current, and power density of the system are verified by cyclic voltammetry. The wastewater treatment is verified by dye decolorization. With the addition ratio of 4 wt% graphene, the system achieves the optimal power density of 74.1 mW/m 2 , open-circuit voltage of 0.42 V, and the decolorization of reactive black 5 of 60.25%. By constant-resistance discharge testing within three-cycle, the system can stably supply a maximum voltage of 0.41 V or above. Hence, the proposed electrospun graphene-poly(vinyl alcohol) composite cathode electrode can not only improve the power-supply efficiency but also enhance the efficiency of wastewater treatment.

Unknown Author

International Journal of Recent Trends in Engineering and Research • 2017

Sara Khalid, Farah Alvi, Masoom Fatima et al.

Materials Letters • 2018

Rajeev K. Gautam, Himaghna Bhattacharjee, S. Venkata Mohan et al.

RSC Advances • 2015

Efficient ORR electrocatalyst and modular design of MFC.

Unknown Author

Fuel Cells Bulletin • 2016

Jeff Urban

Fuel Cells Bulletin • 2016

Hongyan Dai, Huimin Yang, Xian Liu et al.

Fuel • 2016

Md. T. Noori, C.K. Mukherjee, M.M. Ghangrekar

Electrochimica Acta • 2017

Xuehua Li, Jiansheng Qian, Xingge Guo et al.

3 Biotech • 2018

S. Sadegh Hassani, A. Ziaedini, L. Samiee et al.

Fuel Cells • 2019

Abstract In this work, heteroatom‐doped porous graphene was synthesized by pyrolysis method using microalgae Synechococcus elangatus as a biomass resource. The prepared samples were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 sorption‐desorption, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical behavior of the synthesized samples was investigated for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and evaluated using microbial fuel cell (MFC). The results revealed that the catalytic activity of the prepared sample including N, S and P atoms on porous graphene (PG) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.%. According to the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements, the onset potential of optimal sample (0.97 V versus RHE) was close to the Pt/C 20 wt.% (0.99 V versus RHE). Furthermore, the stability test demonstrated much better tolerance to the methanol crossover effects for the optimal sample in comparison to the Pt/C 20 wt.%. Moreover, the microbial fuel cell (MFC) test showed that the cell potential of the optimal sample is close to Pt/C 2 wt.%, and represented a high peak power density of 31.5 mW m −2 , which is comparable to the Pt/C 20wt.% (38.6 mW m −2 ) cathodes, because of synergistic effect of N, S and P co‐doped carbon structure, which leads to improvement in catalytic activity.

Shaowei Zhou, Mei Lin, Zechao Zhuang et al.

Chemosphere • 2019

Geetanjali, Radha Rani, Deepamala Sharma et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2019

P. P. Rajesh, Md. T. Noori, M. M. Ghangrekar

Journal of Clean Energy Technologies • 2018

Na Yang, Yueping Ren, Xiufen Li et al.

Nanomaterials • 2016

The inferior hydrophilicity of graphene is an adverse factor to the performance of the graphene modified anodes (G anodes) in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). In this paper, different amounts of hydrophilic graphene oxide (GO) were doped into the modification layers to elevate the hydrophilicity of the G anodes so as to further improve their performance. Increasing the GO doped ratio from 0.15 mg·mg−1 to 0.2 mg·mg−1 and 0.25 mg·mg−1, the static water contact angle (θc) of the G-GO anodes decreased from 74.2 ± 0.52° to 64.6 ± 2.75° and 41.7 ± 3.69°, respectively. The G-GO0.2 anode with GO doped ratio of 0.2 mg·mg−1 exhibited the optimal performance and the maximum power density (Pmax) of the corresponding MFC was 1100.18 mW·m−2, 1.51 times higher than that of the MFC with the G anode.

Weiwei Su, Weiwei Yan, Zhongdi Su et al.

Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters • 2011

In Ho Park, Yoon Hye Heo, Pil Kim et al.

RSC Advances • 2012

S. M. Zain, N. L. Ching, S. Jusoh et al.

Jurnal Teknologi • 2015

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between the rate of electricity generation and the rate of carbon and nitrogen removal from wastewater using different MFC processes. Determining whether the generation of electricity using MFC process could be related to the rate of pollutant removal from wastewater is noteworthy. Three types of MFC process configurations include the batch mode (SS), a continuous flow of influent with ferricyanide (PF) as the oxidizing agent and a continuous flow of influent with oxygen (PU) as the oxidizing agent. The highest quantity of electricity generation was achieved using the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (0.833 V), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (0.589 V) and the batch mode (0.352 V). The highest efficiency of carbon removal is also achieved by the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide (87%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (51%) and the batch mode (46%). Moreover, the continuous flow mode with ferricyanide produced the highest efficiency for nitrogen removal (63%), followed by the continuous flow mode with oxygen (54%) and the batch mode (27%).

S. Sreenivasa Prasath, A. Arockiarajan

Composites Part B: Engineering • 2015

Neila Rjaibi, Latifa Ben Arfa Rabai

International Journal of Secure Software Engineering • 2015

In security risk management practices if we cannot measure, we can neither control nor improve. A challenging issue in the context of cyber security is to deal with the orthogonal classification of security requirements. A literature review has shown that there are different models of security requirements. Everyone examines some requirements and neglects others. In this paper, the authors intend to answer the question: what taxonomy of security requirements should we use in a security quantification process? It is thus imperative to build a standard, unified and hierarchical taxonomy which incorporates 13 security requirements and then refined in layer into 31 sub-factors referring to the variety of the proposed models based on previous works. The Mean Failure Cost model (MFC) is a recent, strong and structural risk management model. It is a cascade of linear models to quantify security threats in term of loss that results from system's vulnerabilities. It computes for each system's stakeholders his loss of operation ($/H) while taking account of its respective users, security requirements, system's components and the complete list of security threats. The proposed taxonomy is used to optimize quantification using the MFC metric by reducing the redundancy in estimating the security requirements values, and increasing accuracy in estimation. The authors applied the expansion of the MFC model to the context of e-learning platforms.

Anandhanarayanan Kamalakannan, Govindaraj Rajamanickam

International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications • 2012

Yan Ni Xiang Li, Xiao Jun Yang

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2014

This paper mainly introduces how to design an upper computer interface for two-dimensional turntable under the environment of VS2010 using MFC, in order to provide a comfortable and easy operating environment for user. These technology are amply analyzed such as the serial communication, the curve drawing of motor speed, the display of hand wheel schematic. The PC software has the function of management and control of the two-dimensional turntable which is verified by experiments.

P. Rezayati Charani, M. Dehghani-Firouzabadi, E. Afra et al.

Cellulose • 2013