Gui-Hua Xu, Yun-Kun Wang, Guo-Ping Sheng et al.

Scientific Reports • 2014

Hongsuck Kim, Byunggoon Kim, Jaecheul Yu

Bioresource Technology • 2015

Single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) using domestic wastewater (DWW) and milk processing wastewater (MWW) were operated at different organic loading rates (OLRs). The maximum power density (PDmax) and OLR (readily biodegradable COD [RBCOD] and soluble COD [SCOD]) followed the Lineweaver-Burk equation in all influents. The coefficients of determination were 0.9209 and 0.9975 for SCOD and RBCOD, respectively. OLR based on RBCOD showed better power generation function than that based on SCOD. PDmax (2.9-12.2 W/m(3)) in DWW was lower than that (6.9-24.9 W/m(3)) in MWW but the net energy recovery (kWh/kg-SCOD(removed)) in DWW (0.542-1.108) was larger than that in MWW (0.322-0.602). This was attributed to the higher ratio of RBCOD/SCOD (0.44) and the lower values of RBCOD (40 mg/L) in DWW, compared to RBOCD/SCOD (0.11) and RBCOD (110 mg/L) in MWW. Therefore, RBCOD is an important indicator for estimating power generation.

Xuexia Zhang, Yan Yu, Wanju Li et al.

BioResources • 2015

The suitability of saturated salt solutions as a dispersive agent for preparing microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) from bamboo processing residue through ultrasonication was evaluated. The effect of pure water and KCl solution on the rheological behavior and morphologies of prepared MFC were compared. The results show that the viscosity of MFC suspension dispersed in KCl solution decreases by several orders of magnitude compared to the water counterpart. SEM images demonstrate that MFCs with comparable quality can be prepared using either pure water or KCl solution as a dispersive agent. A high concentration of bamboo processing residue (~2 wt.%) dispersed in salt solutions was found to possess comparable viscosity with a low concentration of MFC suspension (~0.5 wt.%) dispersed in water. This indicates that the application of salt solutions as dispersive agents in ultrasonication has great potential to improve the productivity of MFC prepared from plant materials.

Eric Fleurent-Wilson, Armaghan Salehian

Canadian Aeronautics and Space Journal • 2014

S Anupama, N. V. Pradeep, U. S. Hampannavar

Sugar Tech • 2013

S. Srikanth, S. Venkata Mohan

Bioresource Technology • 2012

S. Sreenivasa Prasath, A. Arockiarajan

Composite Structures • 2015

Gary Chinga-Carrasco, Natalia Averianova, Marat Gibadullin et al.

Micron • 2012

Sivasankaran Ayyaru, Sangeetha Dharmalingam

Bioresource Technology • 2011

Kang Gao, Jing Song Fan, Ming Shao et al.

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2012

In order to achieve a convenient Augmented Reality interactive system, a rendering engine called osgART was integrated into MFC. The system manipulates the interactive transformation of virtual objects by utilizing the message sending from controllers. The operating mechanism of osgART in MFC was explored in this paper. Besides, the controller message had been successfully sent to the update callback, and the SRT order of matrix multiplication was used in update callback class. Finally, a user-friendly interactive AR application has been successfully developed, which shows that an effectively real-time interaction in MFC environment has been achieved.

Xin Pang, Yun Zhi Chen, Zheng Jian Zhang

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2014

As a kind of environmentally friendly material, microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) has the following advantages: renewable raw materials, easy recycling, biodegradable, safety and so on. It can be combined with antibacterial agents to prepare the antibacterial packing materials for food. In this paper, the nano-ZnO was modified by titanate coupling agent TM-38s at first,determines the best dosage of TM-38 is 3% in the modification process,the dosage of the isopropyl alcohol for 40ml,improving its dispersibility. And then added in the MFC suspension to formulate the antibacterial coating for antibacterial coated paper preparation. The changes of antibacterial properties of the paper before and after coating were investigated in this study. The results showed that the paper had a significant antibacterial activity to e. coli and staphylococcus aureus (the antibacterial circle was bigger than 15 mm).When the nano-ZnO dosage was 2.5wt%, the antibacterial properties of the coated paper could reach the best situation. Application of the antibacterial caoated paper to the food packaging could restrain and kill the microorganisms on the food surface effectively, prolong the shelf life of food, and improve the food safety.

Carlo A. Cozzolino, Guido Cerri, Antonio Brundu et al.

Cellulose • 2014

Lucyna Leniowska, Dominik Mazan

Archives of Acoustics • 2015

Abstract In this paper, the MFC sensor and actuators are applied to suppress circular plate vibrations. It is assumed that the system to be regulated is unknown. The mathematical model of the plate was obtained on the base of registration of a system response on a fixed excitation. For the estimation of the system’s behaviour the ARX identification method was used to derive the linear model in the form of a transfer function of the order nine. The obtained model is then used to develop the linear feedback control algorithm for the cancellation of vibration by using the MFC star-shaped actuator (SIMO system). The MFC elements location is dealt with in this study with the use of a laser scanning vibrometer. The control schemes presented have the ability to compute the control effort and to apply it to the actuator within one sampling period. This control scheme is then illustrated through some numerical examples with simulations modelling the designed controller. The paper also describes the experimental results of the designed control system. Finally, the results obtained for the considered plate show that in the chosen frequency limit the designed structure of a closed-loop system with MFC elements provides a substantial vibration suppression.

Shan Shan Lu, Yang Guo Zhao, Ru Liu

Advanced Materials Research • 2013

Dual-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were established to study the effect of seed sludge, carbon sources, buffering solution and stirring on power generation performance. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technologies were used to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of bacterial community. The results showed that the MFC feeding with lactic acid obtained 0.57V of electromotive force, and 1.57 W/m 3 of volumetric power density. It reached 0.62V and 2.07 W/m 3 when the carbon source was changed to acetic acid. Compared with anaerobic sludge, aerobic sludge had higher maximum voltage and longer high voltage duration. The stirring and the adding buffer solution improved electricity generation. SEM and DGGE profiles indicated that a large number of bacilli were tightly bound to the anode surface. Microbial community structure on the membrane surface was more similar to suspended sludge than sediment and seed sludge. In conclusion, MFCs perform better with incubating aerobic sludge, feeding acetic acid, adding PBS buffer (50mmol/L) and stirring.

Kang-Jae Kim, Jin-Dong Jung, Soo-Eune Jung et al.

Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry • 2015

Hui E Chen

Applied Mechanics and Materials • 2014

In this paper, through the powerful visual programming tool called VC++ in the MFC library, used to achieve a function mapping system, its functions include drawing and linewidth graphics settings, select and text color for drawing. At the same time, a detailed implementation process of drawing system and function of the drawing system expansion, improves the system openness and practicality.

Hong-Suck Kim, Byung-Goon Kim, Ryun-Kyung Lee et al.

Journal of Korean Society of Water Science and Technology • 2015

Ergin Taşkan, Bestamin Özkaya, Halil Hasar

Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy • 2015

We evaluated a new electrode material for its capacity to generate electricity by using a cottonseed effluent in two microbial fuel cells (MFCs). Tin‐coated copper (Sn‐coating Cu) mesh and platinum‐coated titanium were used as anode and cathode electrode materials, respectively. For a startup period that allowed slow‐growing electro‐active bacteria to form biofilms on the anode electrode, inoculums were supplied from anaerobic digester sludge (ADS) and estuary sediment (ES). The ADS‐inoculated MFC successfully achieved maximum power density of 160 mW/m 2 , whereas ES‐inoculated MFC had a maximum power density of 59 mW/m 2 . Maximum columbic efficiencies for ADS and ES were 12.8% and 5.6% and the corresponding COD removal efficiencies were 66.6% and 53.6%, respectively. A PCR‐DGGE analysis showed that the anode surface in ADS‐inoculated MFC has more groups of bacteria than that in ES‐inoculated MFC. The kinetic performances of MFCs evaluated by using the Nernst–Monod equation showed that maximum current density ( J max ) increased to around 1.62 A/m 2 in the ADS‐inoculated MFC and 1.06 A/m 2 in the ES‐inoculated MFC. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 110–116, 2016

Marek Płaczek

Advanced Materials Research • 2014

Work presents an analysis and computer aided simulation of one-dimensional vibrating system with advanced piezoelectric transducer used as vibration actuator. A Macro Fiber Composite (MFC) transducer is used in order to excite vibration of the system. The mechanical subsystem is a cantilever bending beam made of steel. The MFC transducer is bonded to the beams surface. Analytical calculations are based on an approximate Galerkin method. The computer aided simulation and analysis of the considered system was carried out using Siemens NX software.

DJANSENA ALRADIX, HIROAKI TANAKA, AKIRA KUDO

The Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference • 2012

Soojung Choi, Jung Rae Kim, Jaehwan Cha et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2012

A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) microbial fuel cell (MFC) with a non-woven paper fabric filter (NWF) was investigated as an alternative to a proton exchange membrane (PEM) separator. The MFC with a NWF generated a cell voltage of 545 mV and a maximum power density of 1027 mW/m(3), which was comparable to that obtained from MFCs with a PEM (551 mV, 609 mW/m(3)). The MFC with a NWF showed stable cell performance (550 mV) over 300 days, whereas, the MFC with PEM performance decreased significantly from 551 mV to 415 mV due to biofilm formation and chemical precipitation on the membrane surface. Poly [2,5-benzimidazole] (ABPBI) was evaluated with respect to its capacity to increased proton conductivity and contact between separator and electrodes. The overall performance of the MFC with ABPBI was improved by enhancing the ion conductivity and steric contact, producing 766 mW/m(3) at optimum loading of 50 mg ABPBI/cm(2).

Ergin Taskan, Bestamin Ozkaya, Halil Hasar

Water Science and Technology • 2014

This study focuses on two main aspects: developing a novel cost-effective electrode material and power production from domestic wastewater using three different mediators. Methylene blue (MB), neutral red (NR) and 2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (HNQ) were selected as electrode mediators with different concentrations. A tin-coated copper mesh electrode was tested as anode electrode. Maximum power density of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) with 300 μM MB was 636 mW/m2. Optimal mediator concentrations with respect to the achieved maximum power output for MB, NR and HNQ were 300 μM, 200 μM and 50 μM, respectively. The results demonstrate that tin-coated copper mesh showed a higher biocompatibility and electrical conductivity.

Yu ZHAO, Peng LI, Xiao-bin WANG et al.

Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology • 2012

Xiang-chun Quan, Yan-ping Quan, Kun Tao

Chemical Engineering Journal • 2012

Cao Ngoc Dan Thanh, Rachnarin Nitisoravut

Energy Procedia • 2015

Hossein Jafari Mansoorian, Amir Hossein Mahvi, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari et al.

Enzyme and Microbial Technology • 2013

Anand Parkash

Journal of Bioprocessing & Biotechniques • 2014

Fatima AlZahra’a Alatraktchi, Yifeng Zhang, Irini Angelidaki

Applied Energy • 2014

Samaneh Shahgaldi, Mostafa Ghasemi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud et al.

Fuel Processing Technology • 2014

Juan E. Velez, Carlos Sanchez

ECS Meeting Abstracts • 2012

Abstract not Available.

Ali Tardast, Mostafa Rahimnejad, Ghasem Najafpour et al.

Fuel • 2013

John M. Pisciotta, Zehra Zaybak, Douglas F. Call et al.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology • 2012

ABSTRACT Electron-accepting (electrotrophic) biocathodes were produced by first enriching graphite fiber brush electrodes as the anodes in sediment-type microbial fuel cells (sMFCs) using two different marine sediments and then electrically inverting the anodes to function as cathodes in two-chamber bioelectrochemical systems (BESs). Electron consumption occurred at set potentials of −439 mV and −539 mV (versus the potential of a standard hydrogen electrode) but not at −339 mV in minimal media lacking organic sources of energy. Results at these different potentials were consistent with separate linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) scans that indicated enhanced activity (current consumption) below only ca. −400 mV. MFC bioanodes not originally acclimated at a set potential produced electron-accepting (electrotrophic) biocathodes, but bioanodes operated at a set potential (+11 mV) did not. CO 2 was removed from cathode headspace, indicating that the electrotrophic biocathodes were autotrophic. Hydrogen gas generation, followed by loss of hydrogen gas and methane production in one sample, suggested hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. There was abundant microbial growth in the biocathode chamber, as evidenced by an increase in turbidity and the presence of microorganisms on the cathode surface. Clone library analysis of 16S rRNA genes indicated prominent sequences most similar to those of Eubacterium limosum ( Butyribacterium methylotrophicum ), Desulfovibrio sp. A2, Rhodococcus opacus , and Gemmata obscuriglobus . Transfer of the suspension to sterile cathodes made of graphite plates, carbon rods, or carbon brushes in new BESs resulted in enhanced current after 4 days, demonstrating growth by these microbial communities on a variety of cathode substrates. This report provides a simple and effective method for enriching autotrophic electrotrophs by the use of sMFCs without the need for set potentials, followed by the use of potentials more negative than −400 mV.

Animesh Deval, Anil Kumar Dikshit

APCBEE Procedia • 2012

R. Muruganantham, S. Annamalaisundaram, D. Sangeetha et al.

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology • 2012

One of the most pressing environmental problems faced globally is waste management and landfill space. Remanufacturing is one of the green manufacturing techniques in which the geometrical form of the product is retained and the product is reused for the same purpose as during its original life cycle. This work analyzes the remanufacturability of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) which is the heart of the polymer-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). MEA was obtained by sandwiching the membrane (proton conducting membrane) between the anode and cathode of the fuel cell by hot pressing the anode and cathode onto the membrane at a desired temperature, pressure for a period of time. It is observed that 10% of MEAs are getting wasted while manufacturing it in the laboratory level. In order to utilize these waste MEAs, remanufacurability analysis is done. Wastages created in manufacturing (hot pressing) of MEA can be reduced by optimizing the manufacturing process parameters, such as temperature of the press, pressure applied, pressing time, and thickness of membrane. Using design of experiment and ANOVA contributing factors which influence the quality of MEA are identified with the help of DESIGN EXPERT software. Optimal values of process parameters are found out using desirability function in the software. The process parameter optimization will lead to reduction of wastage of MEA in hot pressing operation but these wastes cannot be avoided completely due to the presence of uncontrollable factors. So remanufacturability analysis will be useful for investigating the wastes. As a part of remanufacurability analysis design consideration for remanufacturing and recycling, the procedure for recovering the valuable materials from the retired membrane electrode assembly, reusing of electrodes are discussed. Two simulation models (current manufacturing system and manufacturing system with remanufacturing) have been created in WITNESS software in order to find the benefits of remanufacturing. The benefits are increase in MEA production and recovery of scrapped anode and cathode. Increase in MEA production due to remanufacturing has been found as 11.11%. Because of recovery process in remanufacturing, 10% of scrapped anode and cathode are utilized which leads to zero scrap of anode and cathode.

Nader Mokhtarian, Mostafa Ghasemi, Wan Ramli Wan Daud et al.

Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology • 2013

The characteristics of four new proton-conducting membranes, Nafion112/polyaniline composite membranes of various compositions, are studied for application as membrane separators in microbial fuel cells. The composite membranes are made by immersing Nafion-112 membranes in a solution containing aniline for different immersion times. The presence of polyaniline and sulfonic functional groups in the composite membranes is confirmed by means of Fourier transform infrared analysis while their surface roughness is determined by using atomic force microscopy prior to microbial fuel cell operation. Biofouling on the membranes' surface is also examined by using a scanning electron microscope after microbial fuel cell operation. The polarization curves and, hence, the power density curves are measured by varying the load's resistance. The power density of the microbial fuel cell with the Nafion/polyaniline composite membranes improves significantly as the amount of polyaniline increases because the interaction between sulfonic groups in the Nafion matrix and polyaniline in the polyaniline domains increases proton conductivity. However, it declines after more polyaniline is added because of less conjugated bonding of polyaniline and sulfonic acid groups for larger polyaniline domains in the Nafion matrix. The voltage overpotential is also smaller as the amount of polyaniline increases. Biofouling also decreases with increasing polyaniline in the Nafion/polyaniline composite membranes because they have smoother surfaces than Nafion membranes. The results show that the maximum power generated by the microbial fuel cells with Nafion112-polyaniline composite membrane is 124.03 mV m−2 with a current density of 454.66 mA m−2, which is approximately more than ninefold higher than that of microbial fuel cells with neat Nafion-112. It can be concluded that the power density of the microbial fuel cell can be increased by modifying the Nafion membrane separators with more conductive polymers that are less susceptible to biofouling to improve its proton conductivity.

Karnit Bahartan, Liron Amir, Alvaro Israel et al.

ChemSusChem • 2012

Abstract A microbial fuel cell (MFC) was designed in which fuel is generated in the cell by the enzyme glucoamylase, which is displayed on the surface of yeast. The enzyme digests starch specifically into monomeric glucose units and as a consequence enables further glucose oxidation by microorganisms present in the MFC anode. The oxidative enzyme glucose oxidase was coupled to the glucoamylase digestive enzyme. When both enzymes were displayed on the surface of yeast cells in a mixed culture, superior fuel‐cell performance was observed in comparison with other combinations of yeast cells, unmodified yeast, or pure enzymes. The feasibility of the use of the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca in such a genetically modified MFC was also demonstrated. Herein, we report the performance of such fuel cells as a proof of concept for the enzymatic digestion of complex organic fuels in the anode of MFCs to render the fuel more available to microorganisms.

Yan Li, Yining Wu, Bingchuan Liu et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2015

Vaishnav Kiran, Bharti Gaur

Reviews in Chemical Engineering • 2012

Zhi-Kai LU, Yu-Bin FU, Qian XU et al.

Journal of Inorganic Materials • 2013

Jie Wang, Yawen Zheng, Hui Jia et al.

Bioresource Technology • 2014